This presentation is a summary of the workshop given at the 5th Innovative Seating conference 2010 in Frankfurt. It concerns observing postures, facilitating various positions and ways to study comfort in seats

1. Seat comfort experience Prof dr Peter Vink TU-Delft/TNO email: Peter.vink@tno.nl

2. this workshop: 1. observe (assignment) 2. global design (loungechair) 3. variation while seated (4 possibilities) 4. methods to test comfort (assignment) 5. iterative test-design (truckseat) 6. small asians and tall dutch 7. priming, expectations and experience

4. comfort no discomfort discomfort history (reference) + sta te (soft factors) visual input noise smell temperature/ humidity pressure posture/ movement (Vink, 2005)

5. but what is ideal according to users? lounge chairs are everywhere

6. seats should support many postures -people do not sit in one position -humans do vary their postures

7. 1777 Ramazini 2001 Dieen (experiment) 2004 Lueder (review scientific lit.) static postures are hazardous dynamic sitting increased body length significantly more than static sitting constrained sitting is uncomfortable, contributes to chronic disorders, muscle pain, impaired circulation etc

8. feet off the ground!! observed while lounging at home watching a screen (Rosmalen et al., 2010)

9. much variation in posture watching TV

10. additional movements observed while lounging at home watching a screen (Rosmalen et al., 2010)

11. Kroemer et al., 2001 seat profile indicated by spine curve 20-30º 20-30º

12. ideal pressure distribution for car seat also for aircraft? (Zenk, 2008)

13. much more -shear forces -free shoulder space -lines in the cushion -foam characteristics -activity specific guidelines -electronics in seats -……

14. this + 3 experiments = input for the design of a lounge chair (Rosmalen et al., 2009) -obervation at home - feet off the ground -comfort experiment – 130 o -probes

16. probes

18. the seat

20. This workshop: 1. observe (assignment) 2. global design (loungechair) 3. variation while seated (4 possibilities) 4. methods to test comfort (assignment) 5. iterative test-design (truckseat) 6. small asians and tall dutch 7. priming, expectations and experience

22. 2. feet movement

23. 3. several pillows

24. 4. massage Lumbar disc pressure (Pascal) according to Franz et al. (2010)

25. Ideas for movement? Rotating seat Seat pan dynamics Stimuli to move (vibration/tickling) Breaks for walking Exercise stimuli in seat etc

26. This workshop: 1. observe (assignment) 2. global design (loungechair) 3. variation while seated (4 possibilities) 4. methods to test comfort (assignment) 5. iterative test-design (truck seat) 6. small asians and tall dutch 7. priming, expectations and experience

27. Looze et al. 2003: Most evidence relationship discomfort-pressure distribution and posture EMG is sometimes related to comfort (Kuijt-Evers, 2005) Comfort good to measure by questionnaire (Vink, 2005), e.g. LPD

28. Pressure distribution

29. Discomfort LPD measurement

31. This workshop: 1. observe (assignment) 2. global design (loungechair) 3. variation while seated (4 possibilities) 4. methods to test comfort (assignment) 5. iterative test-design (truck seat) 6. small asians and tall dutch 7. priming, expectations and experience

32. 2nd truck seat activities observed Relaxing reading sleep music television/games Work laptop Eating drinking/eating cooking

33. design + ideas tested 1 Watching a screen above the front window feet on the dashboard 2 Watching a screen partly rotated with the screen in the right angle 3 Watching a screen above the driver door sitting 90 degrees rotated Truck drivers prefer 3

34. ideal position tv watching Test 20 subjects 10 min various postures (Knijnenburg, 2003) Comfortable back rest angle 100-130 o Seat angle 90-110 o Knee angle 130-155 o

35. This workshop: 1. observe (assignment) 2. global design (loungechair) 3. variation while seated (4 possibilities) 4. methods to test comfort (assignment) 5. iterative test-design (truck seat) 6. small asians and tall dutch 7. priming, expectations and experience

36. should fit: anthropometry most international human dimensions: www.dined.nl 306-398mm USA female: p5-p95 366-455mm

39. height adjustable pedals adaptations for small Asian woman and large Dutch man .

40. less complaints, more possibilities to look for new drivers results:

41. This workshop: 1. observe (assignment) 2. global design (loungechair) 3. variation while seated (4 possibilities) 4. methods to test comfort (assignment) 5. iterative test-design (truck seat) 6. small asians and tall dutch 7. priming, expectations and experience

42. be aware of expectations and history 1. flying comfort correlated highest with comfort before the flight (r=.41, Konieczny, 2001) 2. business class and economy had no significant different comfort rating (Blok et al., 2008)

43. first sight should be comfortable brown chair was seen as less comfortable, even while seated (Kuijt-Evers, 2001) Bubb (2008) described similar result in car seats first sight reaction can be measured by questioning, face reader or EMG of m.zygomaticus. Important as more sales is done by visual impression (internet)

44. emocard experiment now First define what emotions you want by seeing an office chair

45. This workshop: 1. observe (assignment) 2. global design (loungechair) 3. variation while seated (4 possibilities) 4. methods to test comfort (assignment) 5. iterative test-design (truck seat) 6. small asians and tall dutch 7. priming, expectations and experience

46. examination (1) People using a hand held device have their neck mostly forward bended A. yes B. no The next of the two postures has the highest lumbar disk pressure according to Wilke (1999) A. standing B. sitting with the back rest backwards

47. examination (2) The longest observed duration in one position watching TV in the Rosmalen study was A. 30 minutes B. 50 minutes Dynamics in the office seat compared with a static seat resulted in A. increased body length B. Less reduction of body length

48. examination (3) The most valid objective measurement related to discomfort is according to Looze, 2003 A. EMG B. Pressure distribution According to Knijnenburg truck drivers prefer for the passenger seat a back angle of A. 100-130 degrees B. 90-110 degrees

49. examination (4) The color of the seat influences A. Short term comfort B. Long term comfort This workshop was presented by A. Bart Koenamaosiros B. Peter Vink