The document discusses the concept of validity in educational assessments, emphasizing that it determines how well a test measures what it is intended to measure. Various types of validity are outlined, including content, face, construct, criterion, concurrent, and predictive validity, along with factors that can affect these measurements. Additionally, the relationship between validity and reliability is highlighted, noting that reliability is essential but not sufficient for establishing validity.

1. EDUCATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
VALIDITY
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

2. Validity
 The validity of an assessment tool is the degree to which it measures
for what it is designed to measure.
 The concept refers to the appropriateness, meaningfulness, and
usefulness of the specific inferences made from test scores.
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

3. Example
 You are intended to measure the intelligence and if math and
vocabulary truly represent intelligence then a math and vocabulary
test might be said to have high validity when used as a measure of
intelligence.
 Give your example
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

4. Validity versus Reliability
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

5. Methods of Measuring Validity
1 2
3
4 5
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

6. Content Validity
 Content validity evidence involves the degree to which the content of the test
matches a content domain associated with the construct.
 Items in a test appear to cover whole domain.
Face validity
It is an estimate of
whether a test appears
to measure a certain
criterion. It is
appearance of test.
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

7. Construct Validity
 Construct is the concept or the characteristic that a test is designed to measure.
 According to Howell (1992) Construct validity is a test’s ability to measure
factors which are relevant to the field of study.
Convergent
Convergent validity
refers to the degree to
which a measure is
correlated with other
measures.
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

8. Criterion Validity
 Criterion validity evidence involves
the correlation between the test and a
criterion variable (or variables) taken
as representative of the construct.
 It compares the test with other
measures or outcomes (the criteria)
already held to be valid.
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

9. Concurrent Validity
 Concurrent validity refers to the degree to which the scores taken at one point
correlates with other measures (test, observation or interview) of the same
construct that is measured at the same time.
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

10. Predictive Validity
 Predictive validity assures how well the
test predicts some future behaviour of the
examinee.
 If higher scores on the Boards Exams are
positively correlated with higher
G.P.A.’s in the Universities and vice
versa, then the Board exams is said to
have predictive validity.
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

11. Factors Affecting Validity
 Instructions to Take A Test
 Difficult Language Structure
 Inappropriate Level of Difficulty
 Poorly Constructed Test Items
 Ambiguity in Items Statements
 Length of the Test
 Improper Arrangement of Items
 Identifiable Pattern of Answers
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

12. Relationship between
Validity and Reliability
 Reliability is a necessary requirement for validity
 Establishing good reliability is only the first part of establishing validity
 Reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity.
Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina

13. Hina Jalal (Ph.D.) @AksEAina