Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (cce)Waheeda Bushra
Ā
CONTINUOUS & COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION
The presentation is made for B. Ed. students.
Reference:
https://youtu.be/gRNq-mDcdQU (epg-Pathshala)
https://www.slideshare.net/josesheba/continuous-and-comprehensive-evaluation
https://www.slideshare.net/NajmaKazi/cce-presentation-5457317
this is a presentation slide for conducting research on the university level. this would be useful to the students and instructors of faculty of education.
This ppt present literature on the meaning, purpose, and characteristics of continuous assessment, rational for adopting and implementing continuous assessment. It goes further to highlight problems of continuous assessment implementation, and present some guidelines of Planning and Organizing Continuous Assessment for more improved learning system.
This is my latest PPT on the Principles of student assessment in medical education which is illustrated with suitable pictures, diagrams for understanding better..
Classroom testing: Using tests to promote learningRichard P Phelps
Ā
Among the most effective educational interventions are those with testing components. Testing can be used effectively to promote learning, but that means using it more often in spaced, shorter bursts. Optimally, teachers should test their students on material at the moment they begin to forget it--the more discrete the subject matter (e.g., mathematics) the shorter the time interval between tests.
The Use of Formative Assessment in Legal EducationExamSoft
Ā
Presented by Tommy Sangchompuphen, Associate Dean for Student Learning and Assessment, Lincoln Memorial University, Duncan School of Law
The American Bar Association has taken steps to try to improve the state of the education students receive by implementing new standards and rules for law schools. Under ABA Standard 314, law schools must now be engaged in meaningful assessment of their progress in helping students achieve outcome goals. While the Standards create considerable space for schools to develop their own assessment schemes that fit their program and their mission, each school must use both summative assessments (typically final examinations) and formative assessments, which must be integrated into the schoolās program to provide meaningful feedback to improve student learning.
This webinar will examine the different kinds of assessments that a law school can administer using ExamSoft in order to seriously measure its success in meeting the outcomes that it has identified as appropriate to its mission.
Assessment techniques, etiquette, ways and how to do it in home business rtfcccvvvvvv and ghhh to the open position for new teachers in the school and school šø and I have been working on 3 4 for a long time and I am very proud of them when I
Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (cce)Waheeda Bushra
Ā
CONTINUOUS & COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION
The presentation is made for B. Ed. students.
Reference:
https://youtu.be/gRNq-mDcdQU (epg-Pathshala)
https://www.slideshare.net/josesheba/continuous-and-comprehensive-evaluation
https://www.slideshare.net/NajmaKazi/cce-presentation-5457317
this is a presentation slide for conducting research on the university level. this would be useful to the students and instructors of faculty of education.
This ppt present literature on the meaning, purpose, and characteristics of continuous assessment, rational for adopting and implementing continuous assessment. It goes further to highlight problems of continuous assessment implementation, and present some guidelines of Planning and Organizing Continuous Assessment for more improved learning system.
This is my latest PPT on the Principles of student assessment in medical education which is illustrated with suitable pictures, diagrams for understanding better..
Classroom testing: Using tests to promote learningRichard P Phelps
Ā
Among the most effective educational interventions are those with testing components. Testing can be used effectively to promote learning, but that means using it more often in spaced, shorter bursts. Optimally, teachers should test their students on material at the moment they begin to forget it--the more discrete the subject matter (e.g., mathematics) the shorter the time interval between tests.
The Use of Formative Assessment in Legal EducationExamSoft
Ā
Presented by Tommy Sangchompuphen, Associate Dean for Student Learning and Assessment, Lincoln Memorial University, Duncan School of Law
The American Bar Association has taken steps to try to improve the state of the education students receive by implementing new standards and rules for law schools. Under ABA Standard 314, law schools must now be engaged in meaningful assessment of their progress in helping students achieve outcome goals. While the Standards create considerable space for schools to develop their own assessment schemes that fit their program and their mission, each school must use both summative assessments (typically final examinations) and formative assessments, which must be integrated into the schoolās program to provide meaningful feedback to improve student learning.
This webinar will examine the different kinds of assessments that a law school can administer using ExamSoft in order to seriously measure its success in meeting the outcomes that it has identified as appropriate to its mission.
Assessment techniques, etiquette, ways and how to do it in home business rtfcccvvvvvv and ghhh to the open position for new teachers in the school and school šø and I have been working on 3 4 for a long time and I am very proud of them when I
Definitions
Assessment and evaluation
Forms of Assessments
Measurements
Tests
Criteria of good tests (validity & Reliability)
Reliability of scoring
The relationship of validity and reliability
The relationship between teaching and testing
practicality
Test types (aptitude, placement, achievement, progress, diagnostic & proficiency)
Concepts of proficiency
Test of Grammar and usage
The most common task types .
Organizational Identification of Millennial employees working remotely: Quali...HennaAnsari
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The problem of practice for this study is to understand how Millennial employees identify with their organizations when working in a remote role. Understanding the employee experience could help us consider OID which is linked to range of positive employee outcomes, such as low turnover intention and higher engagement, as well as improved employee satisfaction, well-being, and employee performance (Ashforth, 2008 ). Actively disengaged employees manifest discontent by undermining more engaged employeesā efforts, and these workers can actively seek to harm the organization (Carrillo, 2017; Kompaso, 2010; Walden, 2017).
An Analysis of Memes the way the contents of memes as they are presented on t...HennaAnsari
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not generally categorized or classified for certain age and ideological 13.uPs.
One of the strengths of the memes is that memers may conunent on any political, social, cultural, and religious issue in a humorous a. satirical manner. Moreover, memes have become very popular among users due to their humorous nature and short duration. R may have very strong effect on their perceptions and opinions about different personalities and issues. So, it is import. to explore the nature and type of contents of memes and their impact on perceptions a. opinions of the users.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ā¢ To explore the types/categories of memes. ā¢ To explore the way contents of memes are presented on social media. ā¢ To explore the impacts of contents of memes on ethical values of users. ā¢ To investigate the influence of memes on opinion of users regarding different issues and personalities. ā¢ To find out the use of memes for promotion of brands on social media.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS RQ1: What are the types/ categories of memes? RQ2: How contents of manes are presented on Social Media? RQ3: How contents of mem. are having an impact on ethical values of users? RQ4: How memes influence the opinion of users regarding different issues and personalities? RQ5: How memes are used in promotion of bran. on Social Media?
References
Handayani, F., Sari, S.D., & Wira, R. (2016). The use of meme as a representation of public opinion in social media: A case study of
Type and Category of Memes used on social media HennaAnsari
Ā
One of the strengths of the memes is that memers may conunent on any political, social, cultural, and religious issue in a humorous a. satirical manner. Moreover, memes have become very popular among users due to their humorous nature and short duration. R may have very strong effect on their perceptions and opinions about different personalities and issues. So, it is import. to explore the nature and type of contents of memes and their impact on perceptions a. opinions of the users.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ā¢ To explore the types/categories of memes. ā¢ To explore the way contents of memes are presented on social media. ā¢ To explore the impacts of contents of memes on ethical values of users. ā¢ To investigate the influence of memes on opinion of users regarding different issues and personalities. ā¢ To find out the use of memes for promotion of brands on social media.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS RQ1: What are the types/ categories of memes? RQ2: How contents of manes are presented on Social Media? RQ3: How contents of mem. are having an impact on ethical values of users? RQ4: How memes influence the opinion of users regarding different issues and personalities? RQ5: How memes are used in promotion of bran. on Social Media
How to interpret NVivo/Cluster analysis/ results HennaAnsari
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Interpretation of Cluster analysis
Content analysis
NVivo graphical analysis
qualitative analysis
Content analysis of leadership outlook and culture: Evidence from Public speaking skills and intentions
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using āinvisibleā attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar āDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?ā on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus āManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionā https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective āStudents, digital devices and successā can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarās dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireās birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireās society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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1. TEST DEVELOPMENT AND
EVALUATION (6462)
CLASSROOM TESTING AND HIGH-STAKE TESTING
Department of Secondary Teacher Education
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIT
After studying this unit, the students will have ability to demonstrate.
1. understand the concept of class room testing and its techniques
2. understand the need and scope of high stake testing
3. differentiate between teacher made tests/classroom tests/low stake tests and
standardized/high stake tests
4. enumerate advantages and limitations of the low stake and high stake tests
5. prepare tests using Bloomās Taxonomy and SOLO Taxonomy
6. elaborate the procedure for test development
7. provide examples of standardized tests with characteristics with examples.
8. enlist few trends in high stake testing
3. 3.1 CONCEPT OF CLASSROOM TESTING AND ITS TECHNIQUES
Classroom assessment is the process, usually conducted by teachers, of designing, collecting,
interpreting and applying information about student learning and attainment to make educational
decisions. There are four interrelated steps to the classroom assessment process.
ļ The first step is to define the purposes for the information. During this period, the teacher
considers how the information will be used and how the assessment fits in the students'
educational program.
ļ The next step in the assessment process is to measure student learning or attainment.
Measurement involves using tests, surveys, observation or interviews to produce either numeric
or verbal descriptions of the degree to which a student has achieved academic goals.
ļ The third step is to evaluate the measurement data, which entails making judgments about the
information. During this stage, the teacher interprets the measurement data to determine if
students have certain strengths or limitations or whether the student has sufficiently attained the
learning goals.
ļ In the last stage, the teacher applies the interpretations to fulfill the aims of assessment that
were defined in first stage. The teacher uses the data to guide instruction, render grades, or help
students with any particular learning deficiencies or barriers.
4. 3.2 HIGH STAKE TESTING: ITS NATURE, NEED AND SCOPE
ļ High-stakes testing has consequences attached to the results. For example, highstakes tests
can be used to determine studentsā promotion from grade to grade or graduation from high
school (Resnick, 2004; Cizek, 2001).
ļ The use and misuse of high-stakes tests are a controversial topic in public education, in
advanced countries and even in Pakistan as they are used not only to assess students but in
attempts to increase teacher accountability also.
Precisely we can say that a high-stakes test is a test that:
o is a single, defined assessment,
o has a clear line drawn between those who pass and those who fail, and
o has direct consequences for passing or failing (something "at stake").
ā¢ What is Need of High Stake Testing?
ā¢ What is Nature of the High Stake Testing?
11. 3.5.2 Advantage and Disadvantage of High Stake Testing
ļ It holds teachers accountable for ensuring that all students learn what they are expected to learn.
ļ Motivates students to work harder, learn more, and take the tests more seriously, which can promote higher
student achievement.
ļ Establishes high expectations for both educators and students, which can help reverse the cycles of low
educational expectations, achievement, and attainment that have historically disadvantaged some student
groups, particularly students of color, and that have characterized some schools in poorer communities or
more troubled urban areas.
ļ Reveals areas of educational need that can be targeted for reform and improvement, such as programs for
students who may be underperforming academically or being underserved by schools.
ļ Provides easily understandable information about school and student performance in the form of numerical
test scores that reformers, educational leaders, elected officials and policy makers can use to develop new
laws, regulations, and school-improvement strategies.
ļ Gives parents, employers, colleges and others more confidence that students are learning at a high level or
that high school graduates have acquired the skills they will need to succeed in adulthood.
12. Disadvantage of High-Stakes Testing
ļ It forces educators to āteach to the testāā
ļ It promotes a more ānarrowā academic program in schoolsā
ļ It may contribute to higher, or even much higher, rates of cheatingā
ļ It has been correlated in some research studies to increase failure rates,
lower graduation rates, and higher dropout ratesā
ļ May diminish the overall quality of teaching and learningā
ļ Exacerbates negative stereotypes about the intelligence and academic
ability of minority studentsā
13. 3.6 CONCEPT OF USE OF TAXONOMIES IN TEST
DEVELOPMENT
Using Bloomās Taxonomy in Test Development
Using SOLO Taxonomy in Test Development
14. Bloomās Taxonomy (1956) question samples:
ā¢Knowledge: How manyā¦? Who was it thatā¦? Can you name theā¦?
ā¢Comprehension: Can you write in your own wordsā¦? Can you write a brief outlineā¦? What do you
think could have happened nextā¦?
ā¢Application: Choose the best statements that apply Judge the effects ofā¦ What would result ā¦?
ā¢Analysis: Which events could have happenedā¦? If ā¦ happened, how might the ending have been
different? How was this similar toā¦?
ā¢Synthesis: Can you design a ā¦ to achieve ā¦? Write a poem, song or creative presentation aboutā¦?
Can you see a possible solution toā¦?
ā¢Evaluation: What criteria would you use to assessā¦? What data was used to evaluateā¦? How could
you verifyā¦?
15. SOLO Taxonomy
ļ SOLO taxonomy was developed by Biggs and Collis (1982) Stands for Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes
16. 3.7 PROCEDURE OR STEPS FOR A STANDARDIZED TEST
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Pilot
Forms, Scoring and Analysis
Development
Review
Purpose
Specifications
17. 3.8 EXAMPLES OF STANDARDIZED TESTS WITH
CHARACTERISTICS
The Standardized tests can be classified as per their functions are
ā¢ Group and Individual Tests
ā¢ Norm-referenced
ā¢ Achievement Tests
ā¢ Criterion-referenced
ā¢ Aptitude
ā¢ Personality
ā¢ Projective
ā¢ Interest Inventories
ā¢ Intelligence tests
18. Reliability refers to the consistency of scores
obtained by the same individuals when re-
examined with test on different occasions, or
with different sets of equivalent items.
Reliability
20. Inter-rater reliability by considering the similarity of the scores
awarded by the two observers.
Inter-Rater or Inter-ObserverReliability
21. ā« It is used to judge the consistency of
results across items on the same test.
ā« We estimate test-retest reliability when
we administer the same test to the same
sample on two different occasions.
ā« The amount of time allowed between
measures is critical.
ā« The shorter the time gap, the higher the
correlation; the longer the time gap, the
lower the correlation.
Test-RetestReliability
22. ā« In split-half reliability we randomly divide all items that claim to
measure the same contents into two sets.
ā« The split-half reliability estimate is simply the correlation between two
total scores.
Split-Half Reliability
23. ā« In parallel form reliability we have to create two different tests from
the same contents to measure the same learning outcomes.
ā« The correlation between the two parallel forms is the estimate of
reliability.
Parallel-FormReliability
24. ā It is the degree to which items on an instrument are consistent among
themselves and with the instrument as a whole.
Internal ConsistencyReliability
25. Validity
ļµ The validity of an assessment tool is the degree to which it measures
for what it is designed to measure.
ļµ The concept refers to the appropriateness, meaningfulness, and
usefulness of the specific inferences made from test scores.
27. Content Validity
ļµ Content validity evidence involves the degree to which the content of the test
matches a content domain associated with the construct.
ļµ Items in a test appear to cover whole domain.
Face validity
It is an estimate of
whether a test appears
to measure a certain
criterion. It is
appearance of test.
28. Construct Validity
ļµ Construct is the concept or the characteristic that a test is designed to measure.
ļµ According to Howell (1992) Construct validity is a testās ability to measure
factors which are relevant to the field of study.
Convergent
Convergent validity
refers to the degree to
which a measure is
correlated with other
measures.
29. Criterion Validity
ļµ Criterion validity evidence involves
the correlation between the test and a
criterion variable (or variables) taken
as representative of the construct.
ļµ It compares the test with other
measures or outcomes (the criteria)
already held to be valid.
30. Concurrent Validity
ļµ Concurrent validity refers to the degree to which the scores taken at one point
correlates with other measures (test, observation or interview) of the same
construct that is measured at the same time.
31. Predictive Validity
ļµ Predictive validity assures how well the
test predicts some future behaviour of the
examinee.
ļµ If higher scores on the Boards Exams are
positively correlated with higher
G.P.A.ās in the Universities and vice
versa, then the Board exams is said to
have predictive validity.
32. Factors Affecting Validity
ļµ Instructions to Take A Test
ļµ Difficult Language Structure
ļµ Inappropriate Level of Difficulty
ļµ Poorly Constructed Test Items
ļµ Ambiguity in Items Statements
ļµ Length of the Test
ļµ Improper Arrangement of Items
ļµ Identifiable Pattern of Answers
33. Relationship between Validity and Reliability
ļµ Reliability is a necessary requirement for validity
ļµ Establishing good reliability is only the first part of establishing validity
ļµ Reliability is necessary but not sufficient for validity.
34. 3.8.3 Usability of Tests
ļ Usability testing refers to evaluating a product or service by testing it with
representative users. Typically, during a test, participants will try to complete
typical tasks while observers watch, listen and takes notes. You should also
select tests based on how easy the test is to use. In addition to reliability and
validity, you need to think about how much time you have to create a test, grade
it and administer it. You need to think about how you will interpret and use the
scores from the tests. And you need to check to make sure the test questions and
directions are written clearly, the test itself is short enough not to overwhelm the
students, the questions don't includes stereotypes or personal biases, and that
they are interesting and make the students think.
35. Department of Secondary Teacher Education
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
Dr. Hina Jalal
hinansari23@gmail.com