The document discusses Soxhlet extraction and rotary evaporation. It describes how a Soxhlet extractor works by using a solvent to extract a desired compound from a solid through repeated cycles of dissolution and separation. A rotary evaporator works under reduced pressure to evaporate solvents from liquid mixtures. Both are commonly used in fields like pharmaceuticals and food to isolate and purify chemical constituents through liquid-solid extraction.

1. Use of Soxhalet and rotary evaporator for
extraction
Prepared By : Irsa Ikhlaq

2. • Introduction
 A Soxhlet extractor is a lab equipment designed for processing certain
kinds Of solids. These device only required where the desired compound
has a limited Solubility in a Solvent and the impurity is Insoluble in that
solvent.
 The minimum time needed for a regular Soxhlet extraction is normally ∼8
hours.
 A soxhelat extractor has three main sections
 Percolator boiler and reflux, which circulates the solvent
 Thimble Of thick filter paper, which retains the solid to be extracted
 Siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the thimble

3. • Invention
 It was invented in 1879 by a scientist named Franz von Soxhlet.
 It was first invented for the quantification of fat in the milk.
 Then it has been frequently used for the extraction of lipids in
agricultural chemistry.

4. • Principle
 Lipid in food present in various forms like monoglycerides,
diglycerides, triglycerides and sterol and free fatty acid and
phospholipid and carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins.
 Lipid is soluble in organic solvent and insoluble in water, because of
this, organic solvents like hexane, petroleum ether have the ability to
solubilize fat and fat is extracted from food in combination with the
solvent.
 Later the fat is collected by evaporating the solvent.Almost all the
solvent is distilled off and can be reused.

5. • Components of Soxhalet appratus
 Stirrer bar, Still pot
 Distillation Path
 Thimble solid
 Siphon top
 Siphon exit
 Expansion adapter
 Condenser
 Cooloing Water In
 Cooling Water Out

6. • Working Procedure
1
• Solid material placed in thimble. Soxhlet extractor is placed onto a flask containing
the extraction solvent. Soxhalet equipped with condenser. The solvent is heated to
reflux.
2
• The solvent vapour travels up a distillation arm, and floods into the chamber housing
the thimble of solid. solid material in chamber slowly fills warm solvent. Desired
compound dissolves in the warm solvent.
3
• The solvent running back down to the distillation flask. This cycle may be allowed to
repeat many times, over hours or days. During each cycle, a portion of the non-volatile
compound dissolves in the solvent.
4
• After many cycles the desired compound is concentrated in the distillation flask.
After extraction the solvent is removed, typically by means of a rotary evaporator,
yielding the extracted compound.

7. • Advantages and disadvantages
• Advantages
 It is able to extract solute from
insoluble impurities
 It is mechanically gentle on
samples but still efficients in
separation
 It is often used as a benchmark
when developing new extraction
methouds.
 Soxhlet extraction is that it can be
extracted multiple times.
• Disadvantages
 It is time consuming and lengthy
process. > 24 hrs
 It requires large volume of
solvent
 Poor extraction of polar lipids.
 Due to the large amount of
solvent used, an
evaporation/concentration step
after the extraction is mandatory.

8. • Applications
 It is the most useful apparatus for Solid-liquid extraction in various fields
such
 Pharmaceutics
 Environment
 Foodstuffs
 Microwave Assisted Soxhalet Extractor used for the Fat extraction from
prefried and fried meat, fish & bakery products
 Microwave Integrated Soxhalet Extractor used for the extraction of oil
from: olive seeds, oleaginous seeds, Meats & bakery products .

9. Use of Rotary Evaporator
For Extraction

10. • Introduction
 A rotary evaporator has been widely recognized for its excellent
distillation and extraction performance. Generally, it is used to
remove a volatile solvent from a liquid mixture.
• Invention
A simple rotary evaporator system was invented by Lyman C. Craig. It
was first commercialized by the Swiss company in 1957.

11. • Working Principle
 A rotary evaporator evaporates solvents from samples by utilizing
the principle that the solvent will have a lower boiling point at a
reduced pressure.
 The basic principle of rotary evaporators is the vacuum distillation
of the distillation flask under continuous rotation.
 The evaporation flask is heated evenly by a water or oil bath, and
materials, with a lower boiling point, is evaporated rapidly under the
vacuum condition. The solvent steam is recycled in the receiving
flask after being cooled by the high efficiency glass condenser.

12. • Parts of Rotary Evaporator
 Condensate tube
 Evaporation flask
 Receiving flask
 Evaporation tube
 Rotary motor
 Vaccum System
 Bath kettle

13. • Rotary Evaporator’s Extraction Method
 The extraction process starts with the water oil bath.
 Firstly, set up the heating temperature of the water oil bath, which are supposed to
be same as the boiling point of the components to be extracted. Due to the boiling
points will be reduced with decreasing pressure, the components’s boiling points
will lower than that under normal pressure.
 After the components to be extracted get evaporated successfully, it will be
transferred into the condenser where gas-phase substance will be cooled down and
becomes liquid-phase.
 The liquid-phase substance is easier to be collected than the gas-phase substance.
Finally, after the gas-phase becomes liquid-phase, the extracted substance will go
into the receiving flask, which is easy for users to collect.

14. • Advantages and Disadvantages
• Advantages
 It has higher evaporation
efficiency.
 It provide the better security
 It is a more Convenient
Operation
• Disadvantages
 The sealed equipment has a limited
life, and needs to be replaced
regularly., and takes more time.
 Exposure of sample material to air
can cause contamination
 The glassware needs to be cleaned.
If there is any impurity in the
glassware, the extracted materials
will be not pure.

15. • Applications
 A rotary evaporator is mainly used for the process of evaporation,
concentration, crystallization, drying, separation, and solvent
recovery, and especially used for the continuous distillation of large
amounts of volatile solvents under reduced pressure.
 With so many application purposes, there is no doubt that a rotary
evaporator can be applied in many areas. For example, it can be
used in the small and pilot experiments and production in the
biological, pharmaceutical, chemical fields and even food-making
industries.

16. • Conclusion
 Extraction is essential for isolation of different chemical
constituent from crude drug material.
 Extraction depends on properties of material to be extracted.
 Soxhaler device only required where the desired compound has a
limited Solubility in a Solvent and the impurity is Insoluble in that
solvent.
 A rotary evaporator evaporates solvents from samples by utilizing
the principle that the solvent will have a lower boiling point at a
reduced pressure.

17. • References
 https://www.rotovap.cn/rotary-evaporator/4433.html
 https://chembam.com/resources-for-students/chemkit/soxhlet-extractor/
 https://www.hawachextractionthimble.com/application-of-soxhlet-extraction/
 https://chembam.com/resources-for-students/chemkit/rotary-evaporator
 https://www.hawachextractionthimble.com/what-are-the-advantages-of-soxhlet-
extraction-and-general-soaking-extraction/