The main focus of the study to highlight the benefit of managing insect pests with neem products, based on the finding of several secondary sources. Insect management by neem is a house hold word but still it is not a common place event. Neem tree, Azadirachta indica; is a medicinal plant. The trees contain many chemical compounds of which neem seed contain much azadirachtin. It possess medium to broad spectrum of action against insects selectively with low mammalian toxicity. Azadirachtin seems to be an "ecdysone blocker. The interferences of the azadirachtin is too insect’s specific against chemoreceptor and endocrine control systems, by which it affect insect growth, feeding and oviposition. Those are so different from the mammalian system that no toxic effects have been found even after application of gram amounts of azadirachtin per kilogram of body weight. When the neem seed oil is correctly formulated its efficiency increases many times, without any adverse effect on our ecology and environment.

1. WELCOMEWELCOME
TO MYTO MY
SEMINAR PAPERSEMINAR PAPER
PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION
1

2. Presented By:
Samar Biswas
Reg. No. 12-04789
2

3. USE OF NEEM PRODUCTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT
OF INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLES
TITLE
3

4. Vegetables are important protective food and highly beneficial for the
maintenance of health and prevention of disease.
The yield of vegetables losses due to insect’s pests estimated to be
around 25% (Gaddoura, 1981), in Asia range as high which is 20-30
percent annually(Rola and Pingali, 2000).
Azadirachtin, neem extract, is a botanical pesticide with several modes
of action. It is effective against More than 400 insect species belonging
to the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera,
Orthoptera and Hemiptera.
Products derived from the seeds of the Neem tree, including
azadiractin and neem oil, are more selective and have low mammalian
toxicity.
INTRODUCTION
4

5.  To know the benefits of neem products with its use in pest management
of vegetables.
 To review the comparison between different neem products and also
with different management practices/tools.
 To understand the performance of standardized commercial neem
products.
OBJECTIVES
5

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
● The seminar paper was prepared on the basis of secondary
data
● The information was collected from different sources-
Books
Different journals
SAU Library
Internet
And through personal contact with my major professor,
course instructors.
6

7. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Fig 1. A Neem tree in Bangladesh
English name: Margosa tree
Scientific name: Azadirachta indica
Family: Meliaceae
Order: Sapindales
7

8. Benefits of neem products:
 Neem Pesticide is a natural product, absolutely non toxic,
100% biodegradable and environment friendly.
 It is suited for mixing with other synthetic pesticide and in fact
enhances their action.
 Development of resistance is impossible.
8

9. Fig. 3: Neem Kernel
Fig. 4: Neem Fruit
Fig. 2: Neem Leaf
Fig. 5: Neem Seed
Biological constituents of neem the most active and well studied
compound is Azadirachtin. Among Azadirachtin(A-K); Azadirachtin-A
is the most abundant.
9

10. Mode of Action:
Azadirachtin, that belongs to an organic molecule class called tetran or
triterpenoids. It is structurally similar to insect hormones called
"ecdysones," which control the process of metamorphosis as the insects
pass from larva to pupa to adult.
Azadirachtin seems to be an "ecdysone blocker.“
Azadirachtin may also serve as a feeding deterrent for many insect
pests of vegetables.
10

11. Fig. 6: Processing of neem seed and kernel
Fig. 7: Neem oil and neem oil cake
11

12. Table 1.Neem based botanical insecticides:
Trade Name Formulation
Azadit 0.3% Azadirachtin
Bioneem 0.03% Azadirachtin
Biopest 0.15% Azadirachtin
Econeem 0.3% Azadirachtin
Field marshal 0.3% EC Azadirachtin
Fortuna aza 0.15% Azadirachtin
Jai neem 0.03% Azadirachtin
Jawan 0.03% Azadirachtin
Juerken 0.03% Azadirachtin
Limonool 75%EC(0.03%) Azadirachtin
Margocideck 20% EC(Azadirachtin 0.15%)
Neemark 0.03% Azadirachtin
Trade name Formulation
Neemazal-f 5% Azadirachtin
Neemgold 0.15% Azadirachtin
Neem guard 0.03% Azadirachtin
Neem rich 0.03% Azadirachtin
Neemolin 0.15% Azadirachtin
Neempourn 0.15% Azadirachtin
Neemosan 0.03% Azadirachtin
Neemox 80% EC Azadirachtin
Neemta 0.15% Azadirachtin
Neethrin Oil 0.03% Azadirachtin
Nimba 0.15 Azadirachtin W.P
Nimbecidine 0.03% Azadirachtin
Source: Anonymous, 2016
12

13. Common Name Scientific Name
Cabbage cut
worm
Spodoptera litura
Diamond back
moth of cabbage
Plutella xylostella
Red Pumpkin
beetle
Aulacophora foveicollis
Tomato
Leafminer
Aproaerema modicella
Cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae
Okra Jassid Amrasca devastans
Common Name Scientific Name
Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae
Brinjal shoot and
fruit borer
Leucinodes orbonalis
Epilachna beetle Epilachna dodecastigma
Pod borer caterpillar Heloithis armigera
Tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera
Bark eating
caterpillar
Indarbela quadrinotata
Table 2. The target major vegetable insects :
13
Source: Anonymous, 2016

14. Some common vegetables insect pests:
Cabbage cut worm Diamond back moth of cabbage
Red Pumpkin beetle Tomato Leafminer
14

15. Potato aphid
Cabbage butterfly Okra Jassid
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer
15

16. Tomato fruit borer
Bark eating caterpillar
Pod borer caterpillarEpilachna beetle
16

17. Fig.8. Deterent and toxic effect of neem exudates on Spodoptera litura
Source: Kumer et al., 1997
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
control
2.5
5
7.5
10
Concentration
percentage
antifeedency
ovi-repelency
mortality
17

18. Neem oil
conc.(%)
Percent mortality
Third inster
larvae
Fourth inster
larvae
Pupae Total
0.00
0.25
0.50
1.0
2.0
-
10
20
40
40
-
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
30
40
40
Table 3. Effect of neem oil on the larval and pupal mortality of E. dodecastigma,
Continuously feed on treated food from third instar
18

19. Table 4. Percent reduction of the number of Jassid/leaf/plant over control due to the
effect of different treatment in Brinjal
Treatments
Percent reduction of the no. of Jassid/leaf/plant over control
(7days after each treatment)
1st
spray
2nd
spray
3rd
Spray
4th
Spray
5th
Spray
6th
Spray
7th
Spray
8th
Spray
9th
spray
Neem kernel 63.52 70.28 80.23 50.01 61.14 76.28 63.52 70.28 80.23
Neem oil 49.54 30.43 39.53 35.72 38.21 54.48 49.54 30.43 39.53
Detergent 55.01 26.81 17.44 14.28 19.74 36.53 55.01 26.81 17.44
Water only 27.96 21.01 39.53 5.11 15.28 33.97 27.96 21.01 2.32
Cypermethrin 75.68 63.77 80.23 23.46 46.49 54.48 75.68 63.76 27.90
Source: Sarker et al., 2005
19

20. Table 5. The effect of different treatments against the shoot and fruit borer
of Brinjal plants on yield of Brinjal
Treatments Pakages
Total yield
(ton/ha)
Percent of yield
increase over
control
T1
Mechanical control twice a week 7.56 12.33
T2
Furadan 5G @1.5kg/ha 14 days
after planting 10.98 63.15
T3
Basudin 10G @1.5kg/ha 14 days
after planting 9.837 46.06
T4
Nimbicibine 0.03% EC @ 4ml/l of
water twice in a week 17.26 156.46
T5
Mechanical control + Basudin 10G
@1.5kg/ha + Nimbicibine 0.03%
EC @ 4ml/l of water at 7 days
interval
14.49 115.30
T6
Untreated control 6.733 -
20
Source: Islam, 2007

21. Table 6. Efficacy of some control measures against tomato fruit borer
Treatment
Dosage
(ml/l)
Mean percentage
(%) of infestation
Mean percentage
(%) of weight loss
Marketable fruit
yield ton/ha
Spraying of neem oil +
Detergent 10.0 5.46(2.32) 4.07(2.18) 45.0
Spraying of Quinalphos
(Kinalux)25EC 2.0 5.77(2.36) 5.50(2.28) 42.68
HNPV
0.4 5.55(2.31) 5.00(2.17) 41.37
Pheromon trap
- 8.85(2.89) 5.17(2.53) 43.53
Mechanical control
- 6.02(2.44) 4.00(2.26) 40.22
control
- 9.00(3.0) 6.75(2.53) 41.10
Source: Zebun Nessa and Hossain, 2005
21

22. Table 7. Field efficacy of different Bio-rational and chemical pesticides against leaf
miner of tomato
Treatments Percent leaf infestation
Neem kernel
10.81
Cypermethrin (Ripcord 10 EC)
10.95
Dimethoate (Perfecthion 40 EC)
11.91
Neem oil
9.43
Control
11.27
Source: Alam et al., 2006
22

23. Table 8. Effect of different treatments on the population of red pumpkin beetle in
sweet gourd
Treatments
Number of red pumpkin
beetle per leaf
% Infested leaf by the
insect
Seed treatment with
Gouchu
0.52 51.54
Soil application of Furadan
5G
0.47 51.21
Mechanical control by
sweeping net
0.46 51.94
Spraying neem seed kernel
10 ml/L water
0.52 49.70
Spraying neem oil @ 10
ml/L water + mechanical
control
0.51 49.00
control 0.67 56.49
Source: Mannan, 2006
23

24. 24
Treatments
No. of
aphids/plant
before spraying
No. of
aphids/plant
after 24 h. of
first spraying
No. of
aphids/plant
after 20 days of
first spraying
No. of
aphids/plant
after 24 h. of
second spraying
Dimecron
100WSC at 1ml/l
of water(as check) 140.18 8.32 100.52 5.30
Asataf 75 SP 1.5
g/l of water 144.13 6.36 100.52 7.83
Nimbecidine at 4
ml/l of water 134.27 6.50 113.07 6.18
Nimbecidine at 6
ml/l of water 125.08 7.04 93.06 6.35
Nimbecidine at 8
ml/l of water 142.92 9.41 110.41 7.52
Untreated control
136.14 200.05 137.21 412.04
Table 09. Comparative effect of chemical and botanical(neem based)
insecticides against the potato aphids
Source: Das, 2003

25. Use of neem product is a cheaper method of pest control.
An overview brings out clearly the significant role of the botanical and
bio-pesticides, which can play in future, particularly under the
umbrella of Integrated Pest Management.
The use of simple, crude botanicals such as neem oil, neem seed kernels
are ideally suited for crop protection by resource-limited farmers in
developing countries like ours.
25
CONCLUSION

26. Neem products can be used as substitute over synthetic
pesticides.
Neem based industries can be established.
The national extension services should be encouraged to use
neem products as the safer and cheaper methods of pest
control.
26
RECOMMENDATION

27. 27