FEED THE HUMAN NOT TO PEST

1. NANOPESTICIDE
Course No. :
Course Instructor:
Presented By : Stanzin Wangpo
Adm. No. : PGS18AGR7753

2. INTRODUCTION
 The growing population of world demanding the surge in production of
agriculture output i.e. agri-food production but, increasing plant
pathogen and pest problem hampering the target achievement and
generating pressure on government and non-government agencies to
adopt new technology for fulfillment of food production goals.
 It is estimated that worldwide plant disease caused 13%, insect 14%
and weed 13% loss in food production and accounted 2000 billion
dollars economic loss per year.
 To prevent loss of crop, green revolution provided the chemical
pesticide to agriculture during 1930-1960 but indiscriminate use of
synthetic pesticides like DDT, pyrethroids, methyl bromide,
organophosphates and so forth generated environmental, health
issue, resistance development in pest and detrimental impact on non-
targeted organisms.
 More than 20000 deaths has been estimated every year by World
Health Organization due to negative effect of the pesticides. Bio
pesticides are the possible solution for reduction of adverse impact of
chemical pesticides and environmental balance but their efficacy at
different geographical conditions and slow pest control activity making
them least choice of farmers.

3. Pesticides Consumption Scenario :
De et al.(2014)

4. Zhao et al. (2017)

5.  In current decade, nanotechnology showed large
scope in different fields like medicine, electronics,
catalysis, remediation and agriculture.
 Nanoparticles have specific morphology, size, high
surface area and high reactivity, which provide them
high chemical, physical and optical properties. In
Agriculture, nanotechnology provided new tools in the
form nano pesticide.
 Nanotechnology encompasses the production,
characterization and application of materials with
dimensions measured at nanometer scale (10-9),
typically less than 100 nm.

7. NANO PESTICIDE
 Nano pesticides are plant protection products where
nanotechnology is employed to enhance the efficacy or reduce
the environmental footprint of a pesticide active ingredient,” said
Rai Kookana, a scientist at CSIRO and lead author of the
research.
 Nano pesticide are small engineered structure which provides
pesticidal properties or formulation of active ingredient of pesticide
in nano form. These nano structures have shown slow
degradation and controlled release of active ingredient for long
time.
 The above said properties of Nano pesticide make them
environmentally safe and less toxic in comparison to chemical
pesticide.
 In this contest, researchers have developed different type of
Nano pesticide like Nano capsulated formulations, Nano
emulsion, Nano gel, Nano spheres, and metal and metal oxide
nanoparticles.
 Detailed review on the development on the nano pesticide have
been given by Kah & Hoffman.

9. FORMULATION
NANOPESTICID
E
FORMULATION
NANOEMULSION
NANOENCAPUSILATI
ON
MATELS AND NON
MATELS
NANOPARTICLES
NANOSUSPENSION

11. Klang et al.(2012)

13. Nano-scale a.i
Encapsulation

14. Sliver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
AgNPs are the most commonly used anti-bacterial agents in
health industry, food storage, textile industry and a number of
environmental applications.. Nano sized silica-silver (1–5 nm)
prepared by combining AgNO3, sodium silicate and water soluble
polymer, successfully controlled powdery mildews of pumpkin in
both field and greenhouse conditions at 0.3 ppm
AgNPs (7.5 nm), at a concentrations ranging from 0.015 to
1.5 µg/mL reduced the conidial viability of G. fujikuroi by 50 %,
when exposed for 1–20 min.
Nano Sulphur
 A nanosulphur formulation (IARI nano-S, 50–90 nm)
significantly inhibited the conidial germination of Erysiphe
cichoracearum (Powdery mildew fungi) at 1000 ppm and found
superior than commercial sulphur products, viz., sulphur 80WP,
merck sulphur and canadian nano-S
NANOPARTICLE

15. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2NPs)
 Besides Ag-based nanocomposites , TiO2NPs were also found
effective against X. perfonans . A significant reduction in the
CFUs was observed with nanoscale TiO2(<8 nm) doped with
either Zn or Ag, whereas undoped TiO2NPs were not found
effective within 10 min of light exposure .
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs)
 The effect and mode of action of ZnONPs on the growth of plant
pathogenic fungi is in the preliminary stage. B. cinerea, the
causal agent of grey mold, severely affects stored table grapes
causing heavy loss while Penicillium expansum is the main
culprit behind the rotting of stored apples and pears
Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs)
 Studies on the effect of CuNPs highlight their potential in
managing some important diseases at a relatively low dose. For
instance, bacterial blight of pomegranate (Punica granatum),
caused by X. axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap), has been reported
to cause huge economic losses in India. CuNPs was found to
suppress Xap growth only at 0.2 ppm that is 10,000 times lower
than that of commercial copper-oxychloride

16. Insect Pest Management
 The development of Nano formulations against insect pests is
particularly aimed at minimizing the quantity of AIs, controlled
release and protection from degradation (Fig.). To this end, a
variety of formulations have been proposed for insecticidal
compounds. Results of some of the studies are encouraging and
may have significant positive impact to fight notorious insect
pests.

17. Plant Disease Management
Shailesh Pandey et al.(2016)

18. Potential application of nanotechnology in pesticide sector:
Rai S. Kookana et al.(2014) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

19.  Risks of Nanoparticles
 Nanoparticles have raised concern of environmental risks due to
their widespread applications. Despite growing scientific facts of
possible hazards, hundreds of thousands of tones of
nanomaterial's are already being released into the environment.
 The most reliable data on environmental contamination
indicates that 260,000–309,000 metric tonnes of global
engineered nanomaterial's (ENMs) produced during 2010,
ended up in landfills (63–91 %), soils (8–28 %), water bodies
(0.4–7 %), and the atmosphere (0.1–1.5 %)
 Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystem
 The first ecotoxicological life history trait data on earthworms
using the limit-test design for Ag, Cu, Ni, Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and
ZnO2 nanoparticles and their corresponding metal salt confirmed
the toxicity of AgNPs, CuNPs and TiO2NPs, and total
reproductive failure was observed with both the Ag treatments

21.  Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used in the preparation of
new formulations of pesticides. Nano encapsulation is a
most promising technology to step down the chemical
release under controlled situations, reducing the current
application dosage and improving efficiency of a pesticide.
 Besides, there are a number of Nano materials including
polymeric nanoparticles, zinc oxide NPs, iron oxide NPs,
gold NPs and sliver NPs which can be easily synthesized
and exploited as pesticide. However, elaborated efforts
are needed to systematically elucidate the interaction of
nanoparticles with plants, microorganisms and soil.
Multifunctional field studies are required to confirm the
suppressing effects of nanoparticles on various plants and
pest–pathogen interactions under varied environments.
 The eutrophication potential of nanoparticles needs to be
specially addressed. The present chapter critically
analyzes the pertinent information available on the scope
and use of nanotechnology in meeting the current as well
as future challenges of soil nutrition and crop protection

22. THANK YOU