Botanical pesticides have pesticidal or ovicidal or repellent activities. The development of resistance to existing conventional synthetic pesticides and the increasing public concern over environmental pollution and health hazards created by synthetic pesticides, generate a great need for new types of pest management agent’s advantage with higher activity against the target pests, and lower impact on humans and environmental quality. Repellents are the chemicals which cause an insect to make an oriented movement away from its source. Due to their odoriferous nature, oils of plants have been used for this purpose. Repellency in the present study has been noted visually in the treated insects and the observations recorded have been depicted. The results showed 95% repellency in the treated arms of petridish in fraction of Ailanthus ecxcelsa.

1. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
e-ISSN: 2278-3008.Volume 5, Issue 6 (Mar. – Apr. 2013), PP 44-45
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Effect of Extract of Ailanthus Excelsa on Red Cotton Bug
(Dysdercus Cingulatus)
Harshalata Sontakke, Irshad Baba, S.M. Jain, R.C. Saxena and Mahesh Ningwal
Pest Control & Ayurvedic Drug Research Lab. S.S.L. Jain College, Vidisha.
Abstract: Botanical pesticides have pesticidal or ovicidal or repellent activities. The development of resistance
to existing conventional synthetic pesticides and the increasing public concern over environmental pollution and
health hazards created by synthetic pesticides, generate a great need for new types of pest management agent’s
advantage with higher activity against the target pests, and lower impact on humans and environmental quality.
Repellents are the chemicals which cause an insect to make an oriented movement away from its source. Due to
their odoriferous nature, oils of plants have been used for this purpose. Repellency in the present study has been
noted visually in the treated insects and the observations recorded have been depicted. The results showed 95%
repellency in the treated arms of petridish in fraction of Ailanthus ecxcelsa.
Key Words: Pesticides, repellent, odoriferous and Ailanthus ecxcelsa.
I. Introduction:
Cotton has the greatest insect predation problem. In India, to protect the cotton crop from insect
attack, huge amount of pesticides are applied to the cotton fields in recent years as a consequence of
extensive use of synthetic pesticides have emerged lot of problem such as pest resistance to the insecticides
as well as human health hazards. In India, cotton production is about 295 million bales (≈ 480 lb bales)
during 2009-2010 against 113.9 million bales in the rest of the world. India also has the largest area under
cotton cultivation (10.31 million ha), and yield was 486 kg ha-1 during 2009-2010 (Cotcorp, 2011).
The red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus F. is an important pest of cotton and okra. Although
synthetic chemical insecticides can control it, the side effects are enormous. In view of this, less hazardous
options such as use of resistant cultivars, behaviour modifiers and insect growth regulators have gained
prominence in agricultural pest management protocols. Several plant based compounds, which are potent
sources of insect growth regulators and sterilants have been evaluated in this respect (Prabhu et al., 1973;
Saradamma, 1989). Application of these phytochemical cause multiple growth and reproductive aberrations
in insects (Jaiswal and Srivastava, 1992). Unlike modern pesticides, they also have the potential to reduce
population of insects in the succeeding generations; thus forming an ideal component of the ecological pest
management systems.
The present study was therefore undertaken with the following aims and objectives:
To observe growth inhibitory activity in Dysdercus cingulatus commonly known as red cotton bug.
II. Materials And Methods:
The plant material i.e. Bark of Ailanthus excels was collected from the field around Pandhurna. The
plants was identified and authenticated by the taxonomist of botany department of S.S.L. Jain College
Vidisha. A voucher specimen of the plant material was procured in the herbarium data sheet of the
laboratory. The plant material was washed thoroughly with water and then air dried in shade at room
temperature 25 ± 2°c for more than 15 days. The air dried plant material was grinded to powder about 40 –
60 mesh size. The 50gm of the powdered material was loaded into soxhlet apparatus separately for
extraction with the solvent of increasing order of polarity (n-Hexane, Chloroform and Methanol). The
extract was filtered through Whatman’s filter paper. Then the crude extract was concentrated in the vacuum
rotary evaporator. The crude extract obtained from plants was tested for various biological activities against
Dysdercus cingulatus.
Insecticidal And Ovicidal Effect Of Biocides On Red Cotton Bugs, Dysdercus Cingulatus:
Dysdercus cingulatus were collected and cultured in the laboratory at optimum temperature (27 ±
2°c) and RH about 80%. Freshly laid eggs (50) were treated 5 times with 100 ppm of the extract (0.5 µl).
The control eggs (50) were treated with equal amount of acetone. The sterility index (S.I.) was calculated
using the following formula:
SI = 100 - (
test no.of eggs × %eggs hatch
control no .of eggs ×% eggs hatch
) × 100

2. Effect Of Extract Of Ailanthus Excelsa On Red Cotton Bug (Dysdercus Cingulatus)
www.iosrjournals.org 45 | Page
III. Observation And Results:
Ovicidal activity was observed by treating the eggs with 0.5µl doses of 3 different concentrations of
the extract. For this freshly laid eggs (0 – 24 hrs) 100 in number were taken for each treatment. Observations
were made up to 7th
day after treatment for egg mortality and hatching percentage.
Ovicidal activity of extracts of Ailanthus excelsa on Dysdercus cingulatus
Conc. No. of treated
eggs
Average no. o
fdead eggs
Egg mortality
(%)
Corrected adult
emergency
Sterility index
(SI)
1. 100 56.66 56.66 42 19.2
2 100 75.33 75.33 24 25.53
3 100 81.33 81.33 16.2 44.68
Control 100 4.66 4.66 94
Due to their odoriferous nature, oils of plants have been used for this purpose. Repellency in the present study
has been noted visually in the treated insects and the observations recorded have been depicted in table given
below. The results in the table showed 95% repellency in the treated arms of petridish in fraction of Ailanthus
ecxcelsa.
Showing repellent activity of crude and purified fraction of Ailanthus excelsa on Dysdercus cingulatus
Concentration ppm % average number of insects repelled
Chloroform crude extract Methanol crude extract Purified fraction
100 55 60 70
200 62 64 75
300 70 64 82
400 73 75 87
Untreated 0 0 0
25 adult insects were released in each petridish marked with treated and untreated at equal half of whatman’s
filter paper, 0.5 µl of each concentration was sprayed on the filter paper on treated arm.
0 – 24 hrs eggs were used for ovicidal activity
It has been noticed that the insects in treated arm as soon as come in contact with the filter paper containing
higher concentration of the compound tend to rush immediately to the opposite direction of the untreated
arm of petridish. The repellency seems to be quite dose dependent, highest the concentration maximum is
the activity. Among the three extracts, it was noticed that both chloroform and methanol crude extracts
possess similar activity to the insect Dysdercus cingulatus. The repellent activity persists only for few hours,
and then it declines gradually.
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