1. The southern economy changed after the Civil War as textile factories, mills, and railroads developed. However, economic expansion lagged behind the rest of the country due to war damage, a lack of skilled labor, and dependence on northern financiers. 2. Southern farmers struggled with falling cotton prices and boll weevil infestations. They joined together in the Farmers' Alliance to negotiate for better prices and loans. 3. While African Americans gained political rights and access to education, many gains were reversed as groups like the Ku Klux Klan terrorized black communities and segregation was enforced. The Supreme Court ruled that discrimination bans could not be enforced, limiting black rights.

1. Chapter 25 Section 1
• Explain how the southern economy changed
in the late 1800s.
• Analyze how southern farmers consolidated
their political power.
• Describe the experience of African Americans
in the changing South.
The Cold War Begins
Section 1
The New South
Objectives

2. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
Terms and People
• cash crop – crop such as cotton and tobacco that
is grown not for its own use but to be sold for cash
• Farmers’ Alliance – network of farmers’
organizations that worked for political and
economic reforms in the late 1800s
• Civil Rights Act of 1875 – law that banned
discrimination in public facilities and transportation

3. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
How did the southern economy and
society change after the Civil War?
1. In the postwar years, railroads crisscrossed
the South and industries grew. Yet challenges
remained—for the South’s economy and for
its people.

4. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
In the years following the Civil War, southern
leaders hoped to build a “New South.”
They worked to modernize the economy by:
• supporting industries
• diversifying agriculture

5. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
2. Textile factories and lumber mills sprang up.
So did iron, coal, and steel processing plants.

6. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
Railroad construction boomed.
New rail lines
connected urban
hubs with rural
areas, cities
with towns.
• Railroads moved
people and products.
• Cities grew.

7. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
3. Yet
economic
expansion in
the South
lagged behind
the rest of
the country.
• War damage was
extensive.
• The South lacked a
well-trained labor force,
and wages were low.
• A lack of capital led
to a dependence on
northern bankers.

8. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
Life was especially difficult for
southern farmers.
Despite efforts to
diversify, most
farmers still depended
on cash crops.
The price of cotton—
their main crop—
plummeted
after the war.

9. Chapter 25 Section 1
Along with falling
prices, cotton farmers
faced another
disaster.
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
Boll weevils wiped
out entire crops.
For many farmers,
it was a struggle
just to survive.

10. Chapter 25 Section 1
4. Faced with serious problems, farmers
joined together to form the Farmers’
Alliance.
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
• Worked to negotiate better prices on
supplies, freight charges, and loan rates
• Connected farmers in the South and West

11. Chapter 25 Section 1
Black southerners made important political and
economic advances in the postwar years.
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
Most important, they
gained:
• the right to vote
• access to education

12. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
In time, however, many of the gains
were reversed.
• Groups such as the Ku Klux Klan
terrorized African Americans.
• Newfound freedoms were
stripped away.
• Segregation was enforced.

13. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
5. The Civil
Rights Act of
1875 banned
discrimination
in public
facilities and
transportation.
The Supreme
Court, however,
ruled in a series
of cases decided
in 1883 that such
decisions were
local issues.
Southern towns and cities used the ruling to
further limit the rights of African Americans.

14. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Cold WarT Bhee gNinesw South
Section 1
Section Review
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