This document outlines key factors and events of the American Civil War. It discusses the Union's advantages over the Confederacy in population, industry, and transportation. Though the early years saw no clear victor, in 1863 the tide began to shift with Union General Grant's victory at Vicksburg, splitting the Confederacy. Later that year, the Union defeated the Confederacy at Gettysburg. The Union then pursued a strategy of total war, destroying Confederate resources under General Sherman. Ultimately, Confederate General Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865, marking the Union's victory and the war's conclusion.

1. Chapter 25 Section 1
Objectives
• Evaluate the advantages the North enjoyed
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in the Civil War.
• Analyze the impact of the Civil War on the
North and South, especially the impact of the
Emancipation Proclamation.
• Explore the outcome and aftermath of the
Civil War.

2. Chapter 25 Section 1
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Terms and People
• Robert E. Lee – commander of the Confederate
military forces
• Anaconda Plan – the Union’s plan to starve the
South by seizing the Mississippi and the Gulf of
Mexico so the South could not receive shipments
• Emancipation Proclamation – a 1863
presidential decree that declared slaves in rebel
states free
• habeas corpus – a right that guarantees that no
one can be held in prison without specific charges

3. Chapter 25 Section 1
Terms and People (continued)
• inflation – price increases
• Ulysses S. Grant – Union General who won at
Vicksburg and became commander of all Union
military forces
• Battle of Gettysburg – a battle in Pennsylvania
that marked the last major Confederate attempt to
invade the North; a turning point in the Civil War
• Gettysburg Address – speech given by President
Lincoln at a battle cemetery dedication in which he
reaffirmed the ideas for with the Union fought
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4. Chapter 25 Section 1
Terms and People (continued)
• William T. Sherman – a Union General who led
60,000 troops on a march of destruction through
Georgia and South Carolina
• total war – a strategy in which all resources to
feed, clothe, and support an army are targeted
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5. Chapter 25 Section 1
What factors and events led to the
Union victory in the Civil War?
1. The nation split in two with the election of
Lincoln. From 1861 to 1865, a bloody Civil War was
fought between the United States of America and
the Confederate States of America.
The future of slavery and of the Union was at stake.
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6. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Union The Confederacy
Goal Preserve the union Gain independence
Advantages • Growing population
• More industry
• Better railroads
• Strong navy
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• Had the nation’s
best military leaders
• Troops committed to
the fight
Disadvantages • Small standing army
• Troops were not very
committed
• Lacked the best
military leaders
• Less factories for
making war supplies
• Few vital ports
• Smaller population

7. Chapter 25 Section 1
The South had the advantage of simply
needing to hold out longer than the Union.
The North had to conquer the Confederacy.
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The North
pursued the
Anaconda
Plan to cut
off supplies
to southern
ports.
Confederate
forces were
led by the
experienced
general
Robert E.
Lee.

8. Chapter 25 Section 1
2. During the first two years of the war,
neither side gained a clear victory or
captured the other’s capital city.
Early Civil War battles
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Bull Run (July 1861)
Shiloh (April 1862)
Antietam (Sept. 1862)
Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862)

9. Chapter 25 Section 1
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13 Lincoln’s primary goal
was to preserve the
Union.
3. However, in 1863 he
issued the Emancipation
Proclamation, freeing all
slaves in rebel states.
The Union began to recruit
African American soldiers.
Some 180,000 black men
served.
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10. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Civil War changed civilian life in the
North in many ways.
• Mines and factories increased production to
supply military needs.
• The government raised taxes and tariffs.
• When Congress instituted a draft, riots
broke out in Northern cities.
• Lincoln suspended the right of habeas
corpus.
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11. Chapter 25 Section 1
The tide of the war began to shift in the
Union’s favor in 1863.
4. After victory at Vicksburg, Union General
Ulysses S. Grant achieved the Union goal of
splitting the Confederacy in two.
Next, the Union faced a Confederate invasion at the
Battle of Gettysburg and defeated Lee’s troops
there. The battle destroyed one third of Lee’s forces.
Grant Lee
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12. Chapter 25 Section 1
President Lincoln
went to Gettysburg a
few months later to
dedicate a battle
cemetery.
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13 His speech that day, the
Gettysburg Address,
reaffirmed the ideas for
which the Union fought.
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13. Chapter 25 Section 1
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Map of the Civil
War
Most Civil War
battles were
fought on
Confederate soil.

14. Chapter 25 Section 1
Union General William T. Sherman led troops on
a march through Georgia and South Carolina.
5. Pursuing a strategy of total war, Sherman’s
troops targeted all the resources needed to
support the rebel army.
In spring of 1865, the Confederacy was
exhausted. General Lee surrendered to
General Grant on April 9.
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15. Chapter 25 Section 1
The Civil War had many lasting impacts.
The South was in shambles. Freedom promised
new opportunities for African Americans.
Although debates about states’ rights would
continue, never again would states attempt to
secede.
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16. Chapter 25 Section 1
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Section Review
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