Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin disorder characterized by multiple raised wheals or plaques on the skin that are pale in color and come and go quickly. It can be caused by external irritants like insect bites or stings, chemicals, or internal factors like food allergies, medications, or parasites. Symptoms include sudden appearance of wheals within minutes or hours of exposure. Treatment involves epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids administered intravenously, and cold compresses for symptom relief.

1. 5- Urticaria

2. Urticaria Hives
Definition.
• A skin disorder characterized by
multiple plaque-like eruption which
are rounded, elevated and flat-topped
(wheals).
• The lesion is formed by localized
edema in the dermis often develop
and disappear suddenly

3. Causes
I-Exogenous causes:
1. Toxic irritant product of some stains.
2. Sting or bites of insects. It is usually occurs in
summer.
3. Chemical as: turpentine oil.
II- Endogenous causes:
1. After inhalation or absorption of ingested
allergens Atopic dermatitis.
2. After injection of foreign proteins serum,
vaccines, bacteria or antibiotics e.g
penicillin.
3. Associated with internal parasites.

4. Symptoms
1. Sudden appearance of
wheals or eruptions
within few minutes or
hours of exposure.
2. It may be preceded by
fever, dullness and loss
of appetite.
3. The skin lesions are 1-5
cm diameter with
rounded shape and with
flat-top appearance.

5. Wheals

6. Treatment:
1. Epinephrine I.V. 1/1000 0.1-0.5 ml
2. Antihistaminics (Avil) I.V. 2 mg/kg. B. wt.
In 4 divided doses.
3. Adrenocorticosteroid, hydrocortisone
sodium succinate 100-500 mg I.V.
4. Cold packs of water, ice, vinegar or 70 %
alcohol for sedation.
5. No local treatment is necessary.

7. Questions