This document provides tips and instructions for using a PowerPoint presentation on urethral strictures. It recommends actively engaging students by showing blank slides first and asking what they know about each topic before providing the information. The presentation follows a standard format covering introduction, anatomy, etiology, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of urethral strictures. Slides provide brief bullet points on each topic. Links are included to access the full presentation online or download it for mobile use by scanning a QR code.

1. Tips on using my ppt.
1. You can freely download, edit, modify and put your
name etc.
2. Don’t be concerned about number of slides. Half the
slides are blanks except for the title.
3. First show the blank slides (eg. Aetiology ) > Ask
students what they already know about ethology of
today's topic. > Then show next slide which enumerates
aetiologies.
4. At the end rerun the show – show blank> ask questions >
show next slide.
5. This will be an ACTIVE LEARNING SESSION x
three revisions.
6. Good for self study also.
7. See notes for bibliography.

2. Format

3. Format
1. Introduction & History
2. Relevant Anatomy, Physiology
3. Aetiology
4. Pathophysiology
5. Pathology
6. Classification
7. Clinical Features
8. Investigations
9. Management
10.Prevention

4. Introduction & History.

5. Introduction & History.
• Urethral strictures can result from
inflammatory, ischemic, or traumatic
processes.
• These processes lead to scar tissue
formation; scar tissue contracts and reduces
the caliber of the urethral lumen, causing
resistance to the antegrade flow of urine.
• The term urethral stricture generally refers
to the anterior urethra.

6. Aetiology

7. Aetiology
• Idiopathic
• Congenital/ Genetic
• Nutritional Deficiency/excess
• Traumatic
• Infections /Infestation
• Autoimmune
• Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant)
• Degenerative
• Iatrogenic
• Psychosomatic

8. Aetiology
• traumatic or iatrogenic
• Inflammatory or infectious-
gonococcal urethritis.
• Malignant
• Congenital
• Idiopathic
• Radiation
• Lichen sclerosus

9. Clinical Features

10. Clinical Features
• Demography
• Symptoms
• Signs
• Prognosis
• Complications

11. Demography

12. Demography
• 200 and 1200 cases per 100 thousand
people,
• dramatically increased within people over
55 years.

13. Symptoms
• decreased force of stream
• urinary retention
• incomplete emptying
• terminal dribbling,
• intermittency.
• urinary tract infections

14. History

15. History
• Similar complaints
• Urethral instrumentation/ operations
• UTIs

16. Signs

17. Signs
• Full bladder
• Scars on penis.

18. Prognosis

19. Prognosis
• Bad
• Need lifelong dilatations.

20. Investigations
• Laboratory Studies
– Routine
– Special
• Imaging Studies
• Tissue diagnosis
– Cytology
• FNAC
– Histology

21. Diagnostic Studies
Imaging Studies
• X-Ray
• USG
• CT
• Angiography
• MRI
• Endoscopy- cystourethroscopy.
• Nuclear scan

22. Imaging Studies
• Retrograde urethrogram
• Antegrade cystourethrogram

23. Retrograde urethrogram

24. Retrograde urethrogram

25. Retrograde urethrogram

26. Retrograde urethrogram

27. Differential Diagnosis

28. Differential Diagnosis
• BPH
• UTI
• Urolithiasis

29. Non Operative Therapy

30. Non Operative Therapy
• No medical therapy to treat urethral
stricture disease,
• However, urinary tract infections (UTIs)
should be adequately treated prior to
surgical intervention

31. Minimally invasive Therapy

32. Minimally invasive Therapy
• Urethral dilation
• Internal urethrotomy
• Permanent urethral stents

33. Operative Therapy

34. Operative Therapy
Urethroplasty
• Open Reconstruction
• Primary repair
• Free graft repair
• bladder, buccal, or rectal mucosa
• Full-thickness skin graft
• Pedicled skin flaps
• Skin island onlay flaps
• Hairless scrotal island flap
• Skin island tubularized flap

35. Prevention
BE KIND TO URETHRA
• Urethra is a delicate organ treat it with
kindness.
• Think 100 times before catheterizing.
• Don’t catheterize for dubious reasons
• Choose SPC over urethral catheterization.

36. Guidelines
• In 2016, the American Urology Association
(AUA) released guidelines for the diagnosis
and treatment of male urethral strictures-
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/45090
3-guidelines

37. Get this ppt in mobile
1. Download Microsoft
PowerPoint from play
store.
2. Open Google assistant
3. Open Google lens.
4. Scan qr code from
next slide.

39. Get this ppt in mobile
1. Download Microsoft
PowerPoint from play
store.
2. Open Google assistant
3. Open Google lens.
4. Scan qr code from
next slide.

41. Get this ppt in mobile
1. Download Microsoft
PowerPoint from play
store.
2. Open Google assistant
3. Open Google lens.
4. Scan qr code from
next slide.

44. Get my ppt collection
• https://www.slideshare.net/drpradeeppande/
edit_my_uploads
• https://www.dropbox.com/sh/x600md3cvj8
5woy/AACVMHuQtvHvl_K8ehc3ltkEa?dl
=0
• https://www.facebook.com/doctorpradeeppa
nde/?ref=pages_you_manage