Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common cause of hospitalization that can be life-threatening. It occurs at a rate of 100 cases per 100,000 people per year. Common causes are peptic ulcers, esophagitis, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears. Management involves stabilizing the patient, monitoring for signs of bleeding and shock, transfusing blood products if needed, and locating the source of bleeding via endoscopy to stop it using methods like cauterization or banding.
Approach to Management of Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) BleedingArun Vasireddy
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Blood may be observed in vomit (hematemesis) or in altered form in the stool (melena). Depending on the severity of the blood loss, there may be symptoms of insufficient circulating blood volume and shock. As a result, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is considered a medical emergency and typically requires hospital care for urgent diagnosis and treatment. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, and some rarer causes such as gastric cancer.
The initial assessment includes measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood tests to determine hemoglobin concentration. In significant bleeding, fluid replacement is often required, as well as blood transfusion, before the source of bleeding can be determined by endoscopy of the upper digestive tract with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Depending on the source, endoscopic therapy can be applied to reduce rebleeding risk. Specific medical treatments (such as proton pump inhibitors for peptic ulcer disease) or procedures (such as TIPS for variceal hemorrhage) may be used. Recurrent or refractory bleeding may lead to need for surgery, although this has become uncommon as a result of improved endoscopic and medical treatment.
Seminar present the Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding problems
Edited by : Dr. Inzar Yassen & Dr. Ammar L. Aldwaf
in Hawler Medical Uni. collage of medicine in 14/01/2014
Iraq - Kurdistan - Erbil
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool.
Definitions of GI bleeding
GI Bleeding include Upper and Lower of GIB
Causes of GI bleeding
Pathogenesis of GI bleeding
Diagnosis of GI bleeding
Clinical of GI bleeding
Management of GI bleeding
Recommendation of GI bleeding
Clinical guideline of GI bleeding
Approach to Management of Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) BleedingArun Vasireddy
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Blood may be observed in vomit (hematemesis) or in altered form in the stool (melena). Depending on the severity of the blood loss, there may be symptoms of insufficient circulating blood volume and shock. As a result, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is considered a medical emergency and typically requires hospital care for urgent diagnosis and treatment. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, and some rarer causes such as gastric cancer.
The initial assessment includes measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood tests to determine hemoglobin concentration. In significant bleeding, fluid replacement is often required, as well as blood transfusion, before the source of bleeding can be determined by endoscopy of the upper digestive tract with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Depending on the source, endoscopic therapy can be applied to reduce rebleeding risk. Specific medical treatments (such as proton pump inhibitors for peptic ulcer disease) or procedures (such as TIPS for variceal hemorrhage) may be used. Recurrent or refractory bleeding may lead to need for surgery, although this has become uncommon as a result of improved endoscopic and medical treatment.
Seminar present the Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding problems
Edited by : Dr. Inzar Yassen & Dr. Ammar L. Aldwaf
in Hawler Medical Uni. collage of medicine in 14/01/2014
Iraq - Kurdistan - Erbil
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool.
Definitions of GI bleeding
GI Bleeding include Upper and Lower of GIB
Causes of GI bleeding
Pathogenesis of GI bleeding
Diagnosis of GI bleeding
Clinical of GI bleeding
Management of GI bleeding
Recommendation of GI bleeding
Clinical guideline of GI bleeding
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potentially life-threatening
syndrome that occurs primarily in hospitalized patients
and frequently complicates the course of critically ill
patient.
Acute Kidney Injury is is (abrupt) reduction in kidney functions as evidence by changed in laboratory values; serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and urine output
A brief presentation regarding etiology , clinical features , and management of chronic limb ischemia. It was presented by our unit at Department of surgery , Patna medical college
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potentially life-threatening
syndrome that occurs primarily in hospitalized patients
and frequently complicates the course of critically ill
patient.
Acute Kidney Injury is is (abrupt) reduction in kidney functions as evidence by changed in laboratory values; serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and urine output
A brief presentation regarding etiology , clinical features , and management of chronic limb ischemia. It was presented by our unit at Department of surgery , Patna medical college
Haemorrhoids is one of the commonest cause of lower GI bleed. Understanding the pathophysiology is important for planning a successful treatment. A thorough check up is essential before offering surgical treatment as this condition could herald the presense of a malignant lesion higher up.
Piles - Also called Haemorrhoids and homeopathy treatmentPranav Pandya
haemorrhoids are vascular structures in the anal canal. Normally they are cushions that help with stool control. They become piles when swollen or inflamed.
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
CURLING ULCER
DEFINITION
They are acute ulcers which develop after major burns, presenting as pain in epigastric region, vomiting or haematemesis.
Curling’s ulcer occurs when burn injury is more than 35%.
It is observed in the body and fundus not in antrum and duodenum
Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
3. Upper GI Tract
• Anatomically consists of:
» Mouth
» Pharynx
» Oesophagus
» Stomach
• Upper GI bleeding can include bleeding
from the duodenum up to the ligament of
Treitz, just before the junction between
the duodenum and the jejunum
5. Epidemiology
• Upper GI bleeding is a potentially life-
threatening and remains a common
cause of hospitalisation
• Incidence is 100 cases per 100,000
people per year
• Upper GI bleeds are 4 times more
common than Lower
• Overall mortality rate is 6-10 % overall
6. Upper GI Bleed Presentation
• Upper GI bleeding presents in 2 main
ways:
• Melaena = Black motions/stool
• Haematemesis = Vomiting blood
• Other symptoms:
• Anaemia
• Syncope
• Fatigue
Clinical Indicator Probability of
Upper GI Source
Haematemesis Almost certain
Melena Probable
Haematochezia Possible
Blood-streaked
stool
Rare
7. Melaena
• Melaena comes from the Greek melas
meaning black
• Has a characteristic smell of “altered
blood”
• Tar-like in presentation
• Colour is a result of iron oxidation as
blood moves through ileum and colon
8. Haematemesis
• Bloody vomitus
• Bright red/frank blood
• “Coffee-ground” vomitus
– Haem exposed to stomach acid for some time
– Oxidises
– Takes on dark colour
