The document summarizes Pakistan's national education policies and conferences since 1947. It discusses the key recommendations and goals of policies in 1947, 1959, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1992, 1998-2010, and 2005-2010. These policies focused on issues like universal primary education, emphasizing science/technical education, Islamic values in curriculum, improving women's education, and increasing literacy rates. However, many policies faced implementation challenges due to lack of resources, political instability, and other factors.

1. Education in
Pakistan
Course Code 6506
MUHAMMA RAMZAN

4. First Educational Conference
(1947)
 The first National Education Conference was held at
Karachi
from November 27th to December 1st, 1947.
First Education Conference was convened in 1947 in the
supervision of Quaid-e-Azam.

5. He provided the basic guide lines for future education
development.
It was also emphasis to realize the people the sense of
honor, integrity and selfless services to the nation.

6. Dimensions
Of Education
Spiritual
Social Vocational
 Education conference 1947 was presided by the Education
Minister of the country and Chairman of the Conference, Fazal ur
Rehman.
 Fazal-ur-Rehman, the Education Minister of the country proposed
three dimensions of education

7. University
Education
Committee
Adult
Education
Committee
Technical
Education
Committee
 The Conference formed a number of
committees,
 The reports of committees were shared in November,
1947.
Primary and
Secondary
Education
Committee
Cultural
Relations
Committee
Women’s
Education
Committee
Scientific
Research
Committee

8. Primary and Secondary Education
Committee
The Primary and Secondary Education
Committee “considered it essential that
a national system of education should
be based on the strong foundations of
free and compulsory primary
education.”
It proposed separate pre-primary and
primary education stages for children
of ages 3 to 6 and 6 to 11.

9. Adult Education Committee
The Committee on Adult Education pointed out that illiteracy
was high at 85 percent and, at the then rate of increase of literacy,
140 years would be required to get rid of the problem.
It stated, “The primary aim of the campaign must be not merely
to make adults literate but to keep them literate”.

10. The report recommended the following stages for the
execution of a programme of adult education.
 The first five years were to be devoted to
Planning
Recruitment Of
Teachers
Training
In the sixth year, about 500,000 persons were to be
made literate with an annual increase of 300,000
thereafter.

11.  The major recommendations of the conference
were
Education should be teamed
with Islamic values
Free and compulsory education
in Pakistan
Emphasis on science and
technical education

12. Implementati
on
This policy could not be implemented properly due to
increased number of immigrants and other
administrative problems of new born country.
 More or less British colonial system was continued.

13. National Commission On
Education(1959)
The Commission was addressed by the
President of Pakistan, General Mohammad
Ayub Khan, on January 5, 1959.
 In this commission compulsory education of
10 years was made.
Religious education be compulsory .
Equal expansion for boys and girls
education.

14.  Recommendations of the commission
were
1. Character building.
2. Compulsory primary education.
3. Focus on science and technical education.
4. National language as medium of instruction.
5. Three-year degree program.
6. Elimination of illiteracy.

15. 7. Establishment of university grants commission.
8. Examination system should be combination of
internal (25%) and external (75%) evaluation.
9. Religious education should be introduced in three
stage i.e.
Stage 1: Compulsory at Middles Level
Stage 2: Optional at Secondary Level
Stage 3: Research at University Level

16. Implementati
on
The National Education Commission recommendations
were useful but due to the conditions of country and the
situation of resources they were not applied well.

17. New Education Policy
(1970)
The revised proposals were reviewed by the committee of the
Cabinet in the light of implications of the announcement by the
President in his address to the nation on November 28, 1969.
The new Education Policy was finally adopted by the Cabinet
on
March 26, 1970.

18.  The new Education Policy has following salient
features:
Emphasis on ideological orientation
Emphasis on science and technology education
Decentralization of educational administration
Eradication of illiteracy
Formation of national education units

19. Implementati
on
This policy was not implemented due to
the war with India, separation of East
Pakistan, and the collapse of the
military government.

20. Education Policy (1972)
Zulifqar Bhutto announced a National Education
Policy on 29 March 1972.
Salient features of this policy are
Promotion of ideology of Pakistan
Universal education Equality in
education
Personality development

21. Curriculum based on socioeconomic
needs of the society
Integrated technical and science
education
Active participation of teacher, students
and parents in educational affairs
Nationalization of educational
institutions

22. Announced free & universal education up to
Class X for both girls & boys.
first phase October 1972, all
public & private schools to
provide free education up to
class VIII
Second phase starting 1974, free
education extended up to Class
X.

23. Implementatio
n
This policy was a good approach towards betterment, but
has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved
thoroughly e.g. universal basic education, shift towards
agro- technical studies etc.

24. Education conference 1947 was held in ?
Ans: Karachi
Under National Commission 1959, compulsory education was
recommended upto class ?
Ans: 10
All private institutions were nationalized on which educational
policy?
Ans: Education Policy 1972
Activity # 1

25. National Education Policy
(1979)
Salient features of National Education Policy were
announced, by the Minister for Education in October 1978.
The Draft work plan of the policy was presented to the
Cabinet in December, 1978.
 The Policy was announced in February 1979.

26. In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for
reviewing the education system and developed following aims:
Fostering loyalty to Islam
Creation of concept of muslim Ummah
Promotion of science and technical education Equal
opportunities

27. 1. Curriculum
revision.
2. Merging madarsa
and traditional
education
3. Urdu as a medium
of education
The following strategies were suggested to achieve the
goals:

28. 4. Effective
participation of
community in literacy
programs.
5. Linked scientific
and technical
education.
6. Separate set up for
male and female.

29. Implementatio
n
This policy was not implemented properly and failed due
to lack of planning and financial resources.
?

30. National Education Policy (1992)
A National Conference was held at Islamabad in April, 1991
under the chairmanship of the Federal Education Minister.
In this Conference scholars, writers, newspaper editors,
scientists, teachers and Lawyers proposals for preparing the
Education Policy.
The policy framework was discussed by the Education
Minister with the Education Committees of the Senate and the
National Assembly.
The Policy was announced in December 1992.

31. The major aspect, aims and goals of National Education
Policy are
1
Promotion of Islamic
values
through education
2
Improvement in
women
education
3
Range of general and
technical
education at secondary level

32. Demand oriented
curriculum
4
Expended span of
graduation and post
graduation
5
Use of AV aids promoting
private sector to participate
in enhancement of literacy
6

33. Implementatio
n
This policy could not be implemented due to change
in political scenario of country.
No implemented

34. National Education Policy (1998-
2010
The Prime Minister advised the
Ministry of Education to design
a new Education Policy in
January 1998.
The first revised draft was
submitted to the Cabinet on 18
February, 1998.
The Policy was announced in
March 1998.

35. Major objectives of National Education Policy were
1.To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an
integral part of education system.
2. To achieve universal primary education.
3. To meet the basic educational needs of every individual.
4. To expand the basic education.

36. 5. To ensure equal opportunity of higher
education.
6. Laid emphasis on diversification.
7. To make curriculum development a continuous
process.
8. To introduce in-service training programs for
betterment of education.

37. • Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaras.
• Teacher training programs both pre and in service.
• Introduction of idea of multiple text book.
• Development of National Testing Services.
• Introduction of comprehensive monitoring system.
Suggestions for achievement of above goals were:
• Diversification of curriculum.
• Expansion and emphasis on technical and science
education.

38. Education Sector Reforms (2005-
2010)
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses
on development of human resources.
The existing Education Policy was announced in 2009
 The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows:
1. Free and universal primary education.
2. Free text books.
3. Equal access to opportunities of learning.
4. Improving all aspects in quality education.

39. 5. Introduction of new educational curricula.
6. Development of training learning resources and
materials.
7. Offering incentives for private sector.
8. Introduction of computer course at all levels.
9. Strengthening of research in higher education.
10. Grant for affiliation of madarsas.

40. 11. The allocation for education would be 7% of the national
GDP by 2015.
12. The Literacy rate will be enhanced to 86% by 2015.
13. A Bachelor degree, with a B.Ed, shall be the minimum
requirement for teaching at the elementary level.
14. A Masters degree for the secondary and higher secondary
with a B.Ed, shall be ensured by 2018

41. Country World Ranking Educational Budget
Cuba #1 18.7%
Malaysia #10 8.1%
Iran #58 4.9%
India #81 4.1%
Bangladesh #119 2.4%
Pakistan #126 1.8%
Indonesia #130 1.2%