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PROBLEMS, ISSUES and TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION OF PAKISTAN

The document discusses the problems, issues, and trends in secondary education in Pakistan, highlighting the need for thorough examination and reorientation of the current educational system. Key issues include inadequate educational facilities, lack of vocational guidance, and the dominance of outdated curricula, while it suggests the importance of academic freedom, adult education, and value education as necessary trends for improvement. The document emphasizes the diversification of courses and the necessity for a broad curriculum that caters to various talents and societal needs.

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ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD ONLINE WORKSHOP - JUL/AUG. 2020 PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION CC 8624 -B.Ed. Presented by: Ch. M. Ashraf m.ashraf0919@gmail.com https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra
2 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Secondary Education - Problems 1. The secondary education is the most defectives stage in our entire educational organization and it needs urgently a thorough examination and complete reorientation . Defect cannot be overlooked that during the period of secondary education the young boys and girls of the country are exploited by individuals and groups and their energies, instead of being utilized into worthy social purposes, are harnessed to destructive activities. 3 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Secondary Education - Problems (continue) 2. There is a great importance of programs of educational and vocational guidance and provision of variety of curricula to suit different talents and aptitudes. 3. Secondary stage of education has its own objectives in terms of the needs of the youth; Therefore, it is recommended that a. Humanities and social Sciences should be emphasized to develop individual character and dignity among the youth to strengthen and purify the base of patriotism . 4 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Secondary Education - Problems (continue) b. Secondary education program must offer more diversified and enrich the series of courses to prepare citizens in terms of their own capabilities and social needs of the country. c. There should be one and not several secondary school systems like technical, agriculture, commercial etc. the curriculum should be broadened to develop the talents of the learners in academic, non-academic and technical subjects. 5 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities 1. Educational institutions No doubt educational facilities have been expanding overtime, but here have not kept pace with the requirements of a modernizing society. Literary rate has not come to the mark. Both public and private sector or involved in education, even then our secondary education level is not meeting the needs of our society. 6 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities (continue) 2. Medium Of Instruction Language is an important aspect of learning there are three choices open to Pakistan : Native language- Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto etc. The second alternative is Urdu, third is English. English language is creating great hindrance in the way of understanding and creativity. 7 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities (continue) 3. Non-Availability Of Audio-Visual Aids Ignorance of better practices of teaching is one of the main obstacles in the progress of education in Pakistan. Use of A.V. aids can revolutionize teaching and can help decrease the amount of forgetting and increase the permanence of what is taught e.g. 8 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities (continue) Edger Dale Cone Of Experience 9 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION Verbal symbols Visual symbols Still pictures Motion pictures Exhibitions Field trips Demonstrations Dramatized experiences Contrived experiences Direct purposeful experiences Degree of abstractness
Educational Facilities (continue) 4. Rationalization of Staff 5. Involvement of Politics 6. Non-Stability of Government 10 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities (continue) 7. Diversification of Secondary Education Diversification of course offering is to cater the varied needs of the students both from psychological and economical point of view. No significant advancement appears to have taken place for vocational/ technical / agricultural / commercial and other occupational streams. The entire secondary school curriculum continues to be dominated by white collar approaches. 11 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities (continue) 8. Hardware of institutions a. Buildings - labs, library, classrooms b. Modern tools devices equipment c. Space for curricular activities 12 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities (continue) 9. Lack Of Guidance And Counseling a. Choice of subjects / courses b. Career counseling c. Social adjustment problems 13 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Educational Facilities (continue) 10. Curriculum And Evaluation - Not Based Upon Creativity 14 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Issues There are so many educational issues in Pakistan such as a. Indoctrination or academic freedom b. Question of quality and quantity in education c. Role of private sector in education d. Co education e. Centralization, decentralization or localization of education f. Students politics- student union in institutions g. Islamization of education h. Semester system 15 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education Keeping in view the global perspectives of education we have to reorient our educational system to cope with the prevailing situation of society. 16 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education (continue) 1. Academic Freedom − Academic freedom is necessary in a society as it represents modernism, liberalism and progressivism which are the essential traits of a modern society. − It develops Democratic institutions like adult franchise, free press, equal chances to participate political affairs. − It helps in critical inquiry and results in discovery of new facts. − It provides an opportunity to minorities to project their view viewpoints. 17 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education (continue) “Appropriate restraint” on Academy freedom is necessity keeping in view Islamic ideology in Pakistan. 18 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education (continue) 2. Adult Education Adult education refers to any learning activity our program deliberately designed for adults. It is restricted to any particular level- vocational, non vocational, general, formal, non formal etc. The main purpose is the to develop each individual. 19 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education (continue) 2. Adult Education (continue) 20 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION Edu. For Literacy Adult Edu. Edu. For Recreation Edu. For Social welfare Edu. For Productivity Edu. For Health and Hygiene Edu. For Citizenship
Trends In Education (continue) 3. Population Education Population education is to develop awareness of the threats of overpopulation and enable the individual to take reasonable decisions to reduce population growth to enjoy a prosperous and decent life Basic topics can be added in this regard I. Dynamics of overpopulation II. Health problems and their solution III. Quality of life versus family size IV. Population and the family planning 21 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education (continue) Micro Teaching It is highly individualized training device and meant only to prepare effective teachers. 22 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education (continue) Value Education Value education is to esteem, to appraise, to estimate: it means the act of cherishing something and also act of passing judgment upon the nature and amounts of values as compared with something else. Function of value education is given below ❑ This will develop physical intellectual , aesthetic aspects of personality. 23 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Trends In Education (continue) Value Education (continue) ❑ It will inculcate scientific temper, democratic, moral and spiritual values. ❑ It will develop self confidence. ❑ It will develop healthy attitude to dignity of hard work. ❑ It will promote international understanding. 24 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Value Education Will Also Develop 1. Methods to earn the livelihood 2. Vocational efficiency 3. Character 4. Healthy and balanced personality 5. Understanding the use of leisure time 6. Social efficiency 7. Sense of natural integration 25 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Computer Information Technology 26 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
Electronic Media 27 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
28 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra PROBLEMS, ISSUES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT 29 By:Ch.M.Ashraf https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra