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Unit 3 educational policies in pakistan

The document summarizes the history of education policies in Pakistan since independence in 1947. It discusses the major education conferences and policies established, including the first National Education Conference in 1947, the National Education Commission in 1959, education policies in 1970, 1972, 1979, 1992, 1998-2010, and the Education Sector Reforms from 2005-2010. The policies focused on issues like making education free and compulsory, integrating Islamic values, increasing literacy rates, and improving access to education. However, many policies faced challenges in implementation due to lack of resources and changing political environments.

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Education in Pakistan Course Code 6506 Asima shahzadi asimashahzadi7@gmail.com
FirstEducationalConference(1947)  The first National Education Conference was held at Karachi from November 27th to December 1st,1947. First Education Conference was convened in 1947 in the supervision of Quaid-e-Azam.
He provided the basic guide lines for future education development. It was also emphasis to realize the people the sense of honor, integrity and selfless services to the nation.
Dimensions Of Education Spiritual Social Vocational  Education conference 1947 was presided by the Education Minister of the country and Chairman of the Conference,Fazal ur Rehman.  Fazal-ur-Rehman, the Education Minister of the country proposed three dimensions ofeducation
University Education Committee Adult Education Committee Technical Education Committee  The Conference formed a number of committees,  The reports of committees were shared in November, 1947. Primary and Secondary Education Committee Cultural Relations Committee Women’s Education Committee Scientific Research Committee
PrimaryandSecondaryEducation Committee The Primary and Secondary Education Committee “considered it essential that a national system of education should be based on the strong foundations of free and compulsoryprimary education.” It proposed separate pre-primary and primary education stages for children of ages 3 to 6 and 6 to 11.
Adult EducationCommittee The Committee onAdult Education pointed out that illiteracy was high at 85 percent and, at the then rate of increase of literacy, 140 years would be required to get rid of the problem. It stated, “The primary aim of the campaign must be not merely to make adults literate but to keep them literate”.
The report recommended the following stages for the execution of a programme of adult education.  The first five years were to be devoted to Planning Recruitment Of Teachers Training In the sixth year, about 500,000 persons were to be made literate with an annual increase of 300,000 thereafter.
 The major recommendations of the conference were Education should be teamed with Islamic values Free and compulsory education in Pakistan Emphasis on science and technical education
Implementation This policy could not be implemented properly due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country.  More or less British colonial system was continued.
NationalCommission OnEducation(1959) The Commission was addressed by the President of Pakistan, General Mohammad Ayub Khan, on January 5,1959.  In this commission compulsory education of 10 years wasmade. Religious education be compulsory . Equal expansion for boys and girls education.
 Recommendations of the commission were 1. Character building. 2. Compulsory primary education. 3. Focus on science and technical education. 4. National language as medium of instruction. 5. Three-year degree program. 6. Elimination of illiteracy.
7. Establishment of university grants commission. 8.Examination system should be combination of internal (25%) and external (75%) evaluation. 9.Religious education should be introduced in three stage i.e. Stage 1: Compulsory at Middles Level Stage 2: Optional at Secondary Level Stage 3: Research at University Level
Implementation The National Education Commission recommendations were useful but due to the conditions of country and the situation of resources they were not applied well.
New EducationPolicy (1970) The revised proposals were reviewed by the committee of the Cabinet in the light of implications of the announcement by the President in his address to the nation on November 28, 1969. The new Education Policy was finally adopted by the Cabinet on March 26, 1970.
 The new Education Policy has following salient features: Emphasis on ideological orientation Emphasis on science and technology education Decentralization of educational administration Eradication of illiteracy Formation of national education units
Implementation This policy was not implemented due to the war with India, separation of East Pakistan, and the collapse of the military government.
Education Policy(1972) Zulifqar Bhutto announced a National Education Policy on 29 March1972. Salient features of this policy are Promotion of ideology of Pakistan Universal education Equality in education Personality development
Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the society Integrated technical and science education Active participation of teacher, students and parents in educational affairs Nationalization of educational institutions
Announced free & universal education up to Class X for both girls & boys. first phase October 1972, all public & private schools to provide free education up to class VIII Second phase starting 1974, free education extended up to Class X.
Implementation This policy was a good approach towards betterment, but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly e.g. universal basic education, shift towards agro- technical studiesetc.
Education conference 1947 was held in ? Ans: Karachi Under National Commission 1959, compulsory education was recommended upto class? Ans: 10 All private institutions were nationalized on which educational policy? Ans: Education Policy 1972 Activity # 1
National Education Policy(1979) Salient features of National Education Policy were announced, by the Minister for Education in October 1978. The Draft work plan of the policy was presented to the Cabinet in December, 1978.  The Policy was announced in February 1979.
In 1979National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aims: Fostering loyalty toIslam Creation of concept of muslim Ummah Promotion of science and technical education Equal opportunities
1. Curriculum revision. 2. Merging madarsa and traditional education 3. Urdu as a medium of education The following strategies were suggested to achieve the goals:
4. Effective participation of community in literacy programs. 5. Linked scientific and technical education. 6. Separate set up for male and female.
Implementation This policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources. ?
National EducationPolicy (1992) A National Conference was held at Islamabad inApril, 1991 under the chairmanship of the Federal Education Minister. In this Conference scholars, writers, newspaper editors, scientists, teachers and Lawyers proposals for preparing the Education Policy. The policy framework was discussed by the Education Minister with the Education Committees of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Policy was announced in December 1992.
The major aspect, aims and goals of National Education Policy are 1 Promotion of Islamicvalues through education 2 Improvement in women education 3 Range of general andtechnical education at secondarylevel
Demand oriented curriculum4 Expended span ofgraduation and postgraduation5 Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participatein enhancement of literacy 6
Implementation This policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario ofcountry. No implemented
National Education Policy(1998-2010 The Prime Minister advised the Ministry of Education to design a new Education Policy in January 1998. The first revised draft was submitted to the Cabinet on 18 February, 1998. The Policy was announced in March 1998.
Major objectives of National Education Policy were 1. To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of educationsystem. 2. To achieve universal primary education. 3. To meet the basic educational needs of every individual. 4. To expand the basiceducation.
5. To ensure equal opportunity of higher education. 6.Laid emphasison diversification. 7.To make curriculum development acontinuous process. 8.To introducein-service training programs for betterment ofeducation.
• Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaras. • Teacher training programs both pre and in service. • Introduction of idea of multiple text book. • Development of National Testing Services. • Introduction of comprehensive monitoring system. Suggestions for achievement of above goals were: • Diversification of curriculum. • Expansion and emphasis on technical and science education.
Education Sector Reforms(2005- 2010) This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of humanresources. The existing Education Policy was announced in 2009  The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows: 1. Free and universal primary education. 2. Free textbooks. 3. Equal access to opportunities of learning. 4. Improving all aspects in quality education.
5. Introductionof new educational curricula. 6. Development of training learning resources and materials. 7. Offering incentives for private sector. 8. Introduction of computer course at all levels. 9. Strengthening of research in higher education. 10. Grant for affiliation ofmadarsas.
11.The allocation for education would be 7% of the national GDP by 2015. 12. The Literacy rate will be enhanced to 86% by 2015. 13.ABachelor degree, with a B.Ed, shall be the minimum requirement for teaching at the elementary level. 14.AMasters degree for the secondary and higher secondary with a B.Ed, shall be ensured by 2018
Country World Ranking Educational Budget Cuba #1 18.7% Malaysia #10 8.1% Iran #58 4.9% India #81 4.1% Bangladesh #119 2.4% Pakistan #126 1.8% Indonesia #130 1.2%
Unit 3 educational policies in pakistan