The document summarizes the history of education policies in Pakistan since independence in 1947. It discusses the major education conferences and policies established, including the first National Education Conference in 1947, the National Education Commission in 1959, education policies in 1970, 1972, 1979, 1992, 1998-2010, and the Education Sector Reforms from 2005-2010. The policies focused on issues like making education free and compulsory, integrating Islamic values, increasing literacy rates, and improving access to education. However, many policies faced challenges in implementation due to lack of resources and changing political environments.

1. Education in
Pakistan
Course Code 6506
Asima shahzadi
asimashahzadi7@gmail.com

4. FirstEducationalConference(1947)
 The first National Education Conference was held at Karachi
from November 27th to December 1st,1947.
First Education Conference was convened in 1947 in the
supervision of Quaid-e-Azam.

5. He provided the basic guide lines for future education
development.
It was also emphasis to realize the people the sense of honor,
integrity and selfless services to the nation.

6. Dimensions
Of Education
Spiritual
Social Vocational
 Education conference 1947 was presided by the Education Minister
of the country and Chairman of the Conference,Fazal ur Rehman.
 Fazal-ur-Rehman, the Education Minister of the country proposed
three dimensions ofeducation

7. University
Education
Committee
Adult
Education
Committee
Technical
Education
Committee
 The Conference formed a number of committees,
 The reports of committees were shared in November, 1947.
Primary and
Secondary
Education
Committee
Cultural
Relations
Committee
Women’s
Education
Committee
Scientific
Research
Committee

8. PrimaryandSecondaryEducation
Committee
The Primary and Secondary Education
Committee “considered it essential that
a national system of education should
be based on the strong foundations of
free and compulsoryprimary
education.”
It proposed separate pre-primary and
primary education stages for children
of ages 3 to 6 and 6 to 11.

9. Adult EducationCommittee
The Committee onAdult Education pointed out that illiteracy was
high at 85 percent and, at the then rate of increase of literacy, 140
years would be required to get rid of the problem.
It stated, “The primary aim of the campaign must be not merely to
make adults literate but to keep them literate”.

10. The report recommended the following stages for the execution
of a programme of adult education.
 The first five years were to be devoted to
Planning
Recruitment Of
Teachers
Training
In the sixth year, about 500,000 persons were to be made
literate with an annual increase of 300,000 thereafter.

11.  The major recommendations of the conference were
Education should be teamed
with Islamic values
Free and compulsory education
in Pakistan
Emphasis on science and
technical education

12. Implementation
This policy could not be implemented properly due to
increased number of immigrants and other
administrative problems of new born country.
 More or less British colonial system was continued.

13. NationalCommission OnEducation(1959)
The Commission was addressed by the
President of Pakistan, General Mohammad
Ayub Khan, on January 5,1959.
 In this commission compulsory education of
10 years wasmade.
Religious education be compulsory .
Equal expansion for boys and girls education.

14.  Recommendations of the commission were
1. Character building.
2. Compulsory primary education.
3. Focus on science and technical education.
4. National language as medium of instruction.
5. Three-year degree program.
6. Elimination of illiteracy.

15. 7. Establishment of university grants commission.
8.Examination system should be combination of
internal (25%) and external (75%) evaluation.
9.Religious education should be introduced in three
stage i.e.
Stage 1: Compulsory at Middles Level
Stage 2: Optional at Secondary Level
Stage 3: Research at University Level

16. Implementation
The National Education Commission recommendations were
useful but due to the conditions of country and the situation of
resources they were not applied well.

17. New EducationPolicy (1970)
The revised proposals were reviewed by the committee of the
Cabinet in the light of implications of the announcement by the
President in his address to the nation on November 28, 1969.
The new Education Policy was finally adopted by the Cabinet on
March 26, 1970.

18.  The new Education Policy has following salient features:
Emphasis on ideological orientation
Emphasis on science and technology education
Decentralization of educational administration
Eradication of illiteracy
Formation of national education units

19. Implementation
This policy was not implemented due to
the war with India, separation of East
Pakistan, and the collapse of the military
government.

20. Education Policy(1972)
Zulifqar Bhutto announced a National Education
Policy on 29 March1972.
Salient features of this policy are
Promotion of ideology of Pakistan
Universal education
Equality in education
Personality development

21. Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs
of the society
Integrated technical and science education
Active participation of teacher, students
and parents in educational affairs
Nationalization of educational institutions

22. Announced free & universal education up to
Class X for both girls & boys.
first phase October 1972, all
public & private schools to
provide free education up to
class VIII
Second phase starting 1974, free
education extended up to Class
X.

23. Implementation
This policy was a good approach towards betterment, but has
many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved
thoroughly e.g. universal basic education, shift towards agro-
technical studiesetc.

24. Education conference 1947 was held in ?
Ans: Karachi
Under National Commission 1959, compulsory education was
recommended upto class?
Ans: 10
All private institutions were nationalized on which educational
policy?
Ans: Education Policy 1972
Activity # 1

25. National Education Policy(1979)
Salient features of National Education Policy were announced,
by the Minister for Education in October 1978.
The Draft work plan of the policy was presented to the Cabinet
in December, 1978.
 The Policy was announced in February 1979.

26. In 1979National Educational Conference was held for reviewing
the education system and developed following aims:
Fostering loyalty toIslam
Creation of concept of muslim Ummah
Promotion of science and technical education
Equal opportunities

27. 1. Curriculum
revision.
2. Merging madarsa
and traditional
education
3. Urdu as a medium
of education
The following strategies were suggested to achieve the goals:

28. 4. Effective
participation of
community in literacy
programs.
5. Linked scientific
and technical
education.
6. Separate set up for
male and female.

29. Implementation
This policy was not implemented properly and failed due
to lack of planning and financial resources.
?

30. National EducationPolicy
(1992)
A National Conference was held at Islamabad inApril, 1991
under the chairmanship of the Federal Education Minister.
In this Conference scholars, writers, newspaper editors,
scientists, teachers and Lawyers proposals for preparing the
Education Policy.
The policy framework was discussed by the Education Minister
with the Education Committees of the Senate and the National
Assembly.
The Policy was announced in December 1992.

31. The major aspect, aims and goals of National Education Policy
are
1
Promotion of Islamicvalues
through education
2
Improvement in women
education
3
Range of general andtechnical
education at secondarylevel

32. Demand oriented curriculum4
Expended span ofgraduation
and postgraduation5
Use of AV aids promoting
private sector to participatein
enhancement of literacy
6

33. Implementation
This policy could not be implemented due to change in
political scenario ofcountry.
No implemented

34. National Education Policy(1998-2010
The Prime Minister advised the
Ministry of Education to design a
new Education Policy in January
1998.
The first revised draft was
submitted to the Cabinet on 18
February, 1998.
The Policy was announced in
March 1998.

35. Major objectives of National Education Policy were
1. To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral
part of educationsystem.
2. To achieve universal primary education.
3. To meet the basic educational needs of every individual.
4. To expand the basiceducation.

36. 5. To ensure equal opportunity of higher education.
6.Laid emphasison
diversification.
7.To make curriculum
development acontinuous
process.
8.To introducein-service
training programs for
betterment ofeducation.

37. • Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaras.
• Teacher training programs both pre and in service.
• Introduction of idea of multiple text book.
• Development of National Testing Services.
• Introduction of comprehensive monitoring system.
Suggestions for achievement of above goals were:
• Diversification of curriculum.
• Expansion and emphasis on technical and science
education.

38. Education Sector Reforms(2005-
2010)
This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on
development of humanresources.
The existing Education Policy was announced in 2009
 The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows:
1. Free and universal primary education.
2. Free textbooks.
3. Equal access to opportunities of learning.
4. Improving all aspects in quality education.

39. 5. Introductionof new educational curricula.
6. Development of training learning resources and materials.
7. Offering incentives for private sector.
8. Introduction of computer course at all levels.
9. Strengthening of research in higher education.
10. Grant for affiliation ofmadarsas.

40. 11.The allocation for education would be 7% of the national GDP
by 2015.
12. The Literacy rate will be enhanced to 86% by 2015.
13.ABachelor degree, with a B.Ed, shall be the minimum
requirement for teaching at the elementary level.
14.AMasters degree for the secondary and higher secondary with
a B.Ed, shall be ensured by 2018

41. Country World Ranking Educational Budget
Cuba #1 18.7%
Malaysia #10 8.1%
Iran #58 4.9%
India #81 4.1%
Bangladesh #119 2.4%
Pakistan #126 1.8%
Indonesia #130 1.2%