The document discusses various unconventional machining processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), water jet machining (WJM), abrasive water jet machining (AWJM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). It provides an overview of the working principles, equipment used, process parameters, material removal rate, and applications of each process. Specifically, it explains that AJM uses a high-speed stream of abrasive particles to remove material, WJM uses a high-velocity water jet, AWJM adds abrasive particles to the water jet, and USM removes material using abrasive particles oscillated at ultrasonic frequencies. The document also discusses factors for selecting among these unconventional machining processes.
UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESS CLASSIFICATION-MECHANICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRICAL ENERGY METHODS-CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRO CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-THERMALENERGY METHODS.
UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESS CLASSIFICATION-MECHANICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRICAL ENERGY METHODS-CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRO CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-THERMALENERGY METHODS.
Non Traditional Machining is playing vital role in now a days in mechanical Industries so student it should be need sound knowledge in this particular subject due to impact of this subject i am prepare in this materials it is most useful for my students...
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By: Author-Prof.S.Sathishkumar
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
1. UNIT I
UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND MECHANICAL ENERGY
BASED PROCESSES
Unconventional machining Process – Need – classification – merits,
demerits and applications. Abrasive Jet Machining – Water Jet
Machining – Abrasive Water Jet Machining - Ultrasonic Machining.
(AJM, WJM, AWJM and USM). Working Principles – equipment
used – Process parameters – MRR- Applications.
3. WHAT IS UCM?
An unconventional(non-traditional) machining process can be
defined as a material removal process in which no direct contact
between tool and work-piece occurs. In this type of machining
process, a form of energy is used to remove unwanted material from
a given workpiece.
8. Need for UCM
• Machining – produces finished products with high degree of
accuracy
• Conventional machining
• Utilizes cutting tools (harder than workpiece material).
• Needs a contact between the tool and workpiece.
• Needs a relative motion between the tool and workpiece.
9. Need
•
•
•
•
•
•
The need for higher productivity, accuracy and surface quality
Improve the capability of automation system and decreasing their
sophistication (decreasing the investment cost) requirements
Very hard fragile materials difficult to clamp for traditional
machining
When the work piece is too flexible or slender
When the shape of the part is too complex
Internal and external profiles, or small diameter holes.
15. 16
Mechanical Based Processes
1. Working principles
2. Equipment used
3. Process parameters
4. MRR
5. Variation in techniques used
6. Applications
AJM
WJM
AWJM
USM
16. 17
Electrical Based Processes
1. Working principle
2. Equipment used
3. Process parameters
4. Surface finish & MRR
5. Electrode/Tool
6. Power & Control circuits
7. Tool wear
8. Dielectric
9. Flushing
10. Applications
Electrical
EDM
WEDM
17. 18
Chemical & Electrochemical Based Processes
1. Working principles
2. Etchants & Maskants
3. Techniques of applying maskants
4. Process parameters
5. Surface finish & MRR
6. Electrical circuits in case of ECM
7. Applications
CHM
ECM
ECG
ECH
18. 19
Thermal Based Processes
1. Working principles
2. Equipment used
3. Types
4. Beam control techniques
5. Applications
LBM
PAM
EBM
19. Selection Process
• Selection Process is based of following
parameters
– Physical Parameter
– Shapes to be Machined
– Process Capability
– Economic consideration
20. Physical Parameter
fluid
Parameter ECM EDM EBM LBM PAM USM AJM
Potential, V 5- 30 50-500 200 x 103 4.5 x 103 250 220 220
Current, A 40,000 15-500 0.001 2 600 12 1.0
Power, kW 100 2.70 0.15 20 220 2.4 0.22
Gap, mm 0.5 0.05 100 150 7.5 0.25 0.75
Medium Electrolyte Die electric Vacuum Air Argon Nitrogen
Abrasive
grains
Work
Material
M/C diff Tungsten
carbide
All Mtl All Mtl All Mtl Tungsten HSS
carbide
23. Process Economy
Process Capital Cost Tool & Fixtures
Power
Requirement
Efficiency
EDM Medium High Low High
CHM Medium Low High Medium
ECM V. High Medium Medium V. Low
AJM V. Low Low Low Low
USM High High Low Medium
EBM High Low Low V. High
LBM Medium Low V. Low V. High
PAM V. Low Low V. Low V. Low
Convention
al
V. Low Low
Low
V. Low
26. SYLLABUS
Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM)
Water Jet Machining (WJM)
Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM)
Ultrasonic Machining. ( USM)
Working Principles – equipment used – Process
parameters – MRR-Variation in techniques used –
Applications.
27. ABRASIVE JET MACHINING (AJM)
Principle
In Abrasive Jet Machining process, a
high speed stream of abrasive particles mixed with
high pressure air or gas which is injected on the
work piece through nozzle
31. Typical AJM Parameters
Abrasives used.
Aluminum Oxide (Al o
Silicon Carbide (Sic)
Glass Powder.
Dolomite
) 10 to 50 mic
25 to 50 mic
0.3 to 0.6 mm
200 grit size
Working Medium.
Dry air
Gases ( Nitrogen or carbon dioxide)
33. ADVANTAGES
Low capital cost
Less vibration
No heat generated in the work piece
Eco friendly
Only one tool is required
34. DISADVANTAGES
Low metal removal rate
Abrasive powder can not be reused
The machining accuracy is poor
Nozzle wear rate is high
35. Water Jet Machining
Principle
In WJM, the high velocity of water jet
comes out of the nozzle and strikes the material, its
pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy
including high stress in the work material. when this
exceeds the ultimate shear stress of the material, small
chips of the material get loosened and fresh surface is
exposed.
38. PROCESS PARAMETERS
Material removal rate(MRR)
-Depends on the reactive force of the jet
Reactive force = Mass flow rate (m) X jet
velocity (V)
Geometry and finish of work piece
Wear rate of the nozzle
39. Advantages of water jet cutting
There is no heat generated in water jet cutting; which
is especially useful for cutting tool steel and other
metals where excessive heat may change the
properties of the material.
Unlike machining or grinding, water jet cutting does
not produce any dust or particles
40. Disadvantages of water jet cutting
One of the main disadvantages of water jet cutting is
that a limited number of materials can be cut
economically.
Thick parts cannot be cut by this process
economically and accurately
Taper is also a problem with water jet cutting in
very thick materials.
Taper is when the jet exits the part at different angle
than it enters the part, and cause dimensional
inaccuracy.
41. Applications Of WJM Process
Water jet cutting is mostly used to cut lower strength
materials such as wood, plastics and aluminum.
When abrasives are added, (abrasive water jet
cutting) stronger materials such as steel and tool steel
can be cut.
42. Abrasive Water Jet Machining
Principle:
In abrasive water jet machining process a
high stream of abrasive jet particles is mixed with
pressurized water & injected through the nozzle on
the work piece.
45. Advantages of Abrasive water jet cutting
In most of the cases, no secondary finishing required
No cutter induced distortion
Low cutting forces on work pieces
Limited tooling requirements
Little to no cutting burr
Typical finish 125-250 microns
Smaller kerfs size reduces material wastages
No heat affected zone
46. CONTD…
Localizes structural changes
No cutter induced metal contamination
Eliminates thermal distortion
No slag or cutting dross
Precise, multi plane cutting of contours, shapes, and
bevels of any angle.
47. Disadvantages of Abrasive water jet cutting
Cannot drill flat bottom
Cannot cut materials that degrades quickly with
moisture
48. ULTRASONIC MACHINING
Principle
In the Ultrasonic Machining process the
material is removed by micro-chipping or erosion with
abrasive particles.
The tool forces the abrasive grits, in the gap between the
tool and the work piece, to impact normally and
successively on the work surface, thereby machining the
work surface.
49. Contd….
In USM process, the tool , made of softer material
than that of the work piece, is oscillated by the Booster
and Sonotrode at a frequency of about 20 kHz with an
amplitude of about 25.4 um(0.001 in).
52. PROCESS PARAMETER
Effect of amplitude and frequency of vibration on
MRR
MRR is directly proportional to the first power of
frequency for a fixed amplitude
Theoretical
M
R
R
Frequency
Actual
M
R
R
High
amplitude
Low
frequency
High
frequency
53. CONTD…
EFFECT `VELOCITY`
MRR is Directly Proportional to the Particle Velocity
M
R
R
Feed force
Mean grain
diameter
Surface
rough
54. CONTD..
EFFECT OF STATIC LOADING OR
FEED FORCE:
- MRR increases with an increase in feed
force.
EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE:
- Grain size increases with an increase in
MRR
55. ADVANTAGES OF USM
There is no cutting forces therefore clamping is not
required except for controlled motion of the work
piece
Extremely hard and brittle materials can be easily
machined
There is no heat affected zone.
Can machine harder metals
Faster than EDM
No tool wear at all.
No heat affected zone.
Better finish and accuracy.
56. USMApplications
Also successful on certain metals, such as stainless
steel and titanium
Shapes include non-round holes, holes along a
curved axis.
“Coining operations” - pattern on tool is imparted to
a flat work surface
Hard, brittle work materials such as ceramics, glass,
and carbides.