1) The document discusses several early Spanish explorers including Columbus, Balboa, Cortes, and Pizarro and their discoveries in the Americas. 2) It explains that Cortes, with only 500 men, was able to defeat the powerful Aztec Empire of 200,000 soldiers through alliances with other tribes, the use of horses, guns, and European diseases which devastated the native populations. 3) It also summarizes that the Spanish, under the rule of Charles I and his desire to spread Catholicism, greatly increased their power and established a vast empire in the Americas through both the wealth obtained and conversion of native populations to Catholicism.

1. Who were the explorers and what did they find? UNIT 2, LESSON 2 By: Mr. Casey

2. Carto g ra p her (Noun) A person who makes maps or charts

3. Colon y (Noun) an area or place that is ruled by a distant country

4. Reform (VERB) TO CHANGE Martin Luther Ninety-Five theses

5. Convert (VERB) To change someone’s or one’s own beliefs

6. Em p eror (NOUN) the ruler of an empire Moctezuma Ruler of the Aztec Empire

7. Circumnavi g ate (NOUN) The act of sailing around something Magellan

8. SPANISH POWER The Cause & Effect of Spain’s power

9. Ferdinand and Isabella Marry, joining two kingdoms

10. SPANISH INQUISITION (1478) “ You aren’t catholic? Get out or convert!”

11. Columbus Finds the New World Columbus starts a wave of exploration and trade

12. The VASCO EFFECT Vasco de Gama finds a new route to Asia (1497). The portuguese focus efforts and resources on a route to asia

13. BALBOA’S GOLD Vasco Nunez de balboa explores the area around modern day panama and discovers the pacific ocean and gold then he sends 30,000 pieces of gold to the king of spain which creates a gold rush riches

14. CHARLES I Charles I comes to power (1516) and eventually creates a vast empire He becomes Charles V, holy roman emperor and wants to spread catholicism

15. CHARLES I Spain increases its power and empire

16. THE CONQUISTADORS “The Conquerers”

17. CORTES & The Aztecs aztec empire is huge (200,000 soldiers) 1519 -cortes only has 500 men, 16 horses, and 11 ships Aztec people believe in the prophecy of Quetzalcoatl Moctezuma sends gold plates and tells him not to come cortes gathers tribes that oppose the aztecs to help him with the help of dona marina

18. CORTES & The Aztecs Cortes goes directly to Tenochtitlan Many other tribes see Cortes as a liberator It takes him two years and reinforcements but he defeats the aztecs in 1521 His army, disease, guns, and horses help him defeat the aztecs They take control of the aztec lands and replace tenochtitlan with mexico city

19. Pizzaro & The inca

20. SPANISH POWER Portuguese focus on routes to africa and the new world (Vasco de gama 1498) Martin Luther and the protestant reformation create a rift between the Catholic church and other religions (1517) The New World holds great riches (Gold, land, crops) Spanish not only want to get rich, but now they want to spread catholicism across the world, Especially this new World (Reconquista) Spanish Inquisition - (1478) Not catholic? “Get Out!”