The document summarizes the expansion of Portugal and Spain in the 15th and early 16th centuries. It describes how Portugal developed as a major sea power under Henry the Navigator and Bartholomeu Dias, who rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1487. Spain consolidated under Ferdinand and Isabella after 1492, and used this unity to fund Christopher Columbus' expedition west in 1492, hoping to find a route to India but instead discovering the Americas. This led to further Spanish and Portuguese exploration and colonization of the new world.

2. 
Expansion by the
Portuguese
 Could not expand inland
due to Castile and Aragon
 Developed into major sea
power of Europe
 Began expanding into
Africa in the early 15th
Century
 Henry the Navigator
 Bartholomeu Dias
rounds Cape of Good
Hope in 1487
 Dominates southern
Routes to India

3. 
Spain’s consolidation
 Spain was always focused on
fighting the Moors during
most of the medieval period
 Christian Spain dominated by
Portugal, Aragon, Castile
 Ferdinand and Isabella marry
in 1469 AD
 Ferdinand takes Power in
Aragon in 1479 AD
 Isabella takes power in
Castile in 1474 AD
 The newly united Spain
finally conquers Granada in
1492 AD

4. 
Christopher Columbus
 Born in 1451 AD in Genoa
 From early on was obsessed
with social respectability
 Chose to focus on finding a
new route to India
 Went to every major power
attempting to gain funding
for his idea
 Portugal in 1485, 1488
 Genoa and Venice in 1488-
9
 England in 1490
 Finally in 1492 Spain agreed
to fund his expedition

5. 
 Leaves Palos Spain in August of 1492 with three
ships Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria
 Went directly west across the Atlantic into
completely unknown territory
 After 33 days at sea the ship lands in the Bahamas
naming the island San Salvador
 Met the Arawak people who were peaceful and
friendly
 Moves onto modern day Cuba and Hispaniola before
heading back to Spain
His voyage to the New
World

6. 
 Spain funds 2 more further expeditions by Columbus
(1493 and 1498)
 Portugal begins to expand into the new world
shortly after Spain
 Two sides sign the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 AD
 Split the new world between the two powers
 Was suppose to split the territory evenly but heavily
favored Spain in the end
 Spain took advantage of treaty
Continued Expansion

8. 
 Columbus dies in 1506 AD one of the richest men in
Europe
 The explorers who take up the banner are Spanish knights
called Conquistadors
 They were young nobles who often were unable to inherit
land from their family
 Spain was the perfect state to begin colonization
 The prospects of the new world were better than those at
home
 Spain expands quickly thanks to these Conquistadors
Spanish Conquest

9. 
Hernan Cortes
 Born in 1485 AD in Spain
 Was originally going to be a
lawyer but rejects the path
 Goes to the new world early
in life under the guidance of
a family friend
 Goes on to a successful early
career in Cuba
 Sent by Velazquez to Mexico
but soon he changes his
mind
 Cortes goes anyways

11. 
 Aztec’s Dominate Central Mexico from their capital
in Tenochtitlan
 Cortes reaches the city in 1519 and is received
peacefully
 Cortes and Montezuma II have an misunderstanding
 He takes Montezuma hostage
 Noche Triste takes place and the Spanish flee the city
 they besieges the city and thanks to their
technological advantage they defeat the city
Conquest of the Aztecs