erican cultures. Between A.D. 1345 and 1521, the Aztecs forged an empire over much of the central Mexican highlands. ... The Nahuatl speaking peoples began as poor hunter-gatherers in northern Mexico, in a place known to them as Aztlan.
A description of the Aztec Civilisation, suitable for Year 9 History students. It contains: the Aztec empire, etymology, government, central administration, Templo Mayor, Aztec culture, Spanish conquest, the tribute, mythology and religion, transport, human sacrifices, social classes, education, art, the capital city, the legacy.
A description of the Aztec Civilisation, suitable for Year 9 History students. It contains: the Aztec empire, etymology, government, central administration, Templo Mayor, Aztec culture, Spanish conquest, the tribute, mythology and religion, transport, human sacrifices, social classes, education, art, the capital city, the legacy.
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization.
Maya civilization Is well known for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.
Inca Civilization PPT made on our 3rd year History class. There are videos in the PPT and they will just automatically play (download file for best viewing)
This presentation talk about the Mayan Civilization.
The Mayan civilization was developed in the region of Mesoamerica, including the southwest of Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, and the west of El Salvador and Honduras.
The Maya people used a written language and a numeral system. They were good at art, building, and math. Their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars. The Maya civilization was biggest between the years of 420 AD and 900 AD.
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization.
Maya civilization Is well known for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.
Inca Civilization PPT made on our 3rd year History class. There are videos in the PPT and they will just automatically play (download file for best viewing)
This presentation talk about the Mayan Civilization.
The Mayan civilization was developed in the region of Mesoamerica, including the southwest of Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, and the west of El Salvador and Honduras.
The Maya people used a written language and a numeral system. They were good at art, building, and math. Their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars. The Maya civilization was biggest between the years of 420 AD and 900 AD.
The Aztecs did trade, built Pyramids, made inventions, and much more. They were a very productive empire. Their religion defined them, and they were very dedicated to pleasing their gods in any way possible.
Since Islam originated and has developed in an Arab culture, other cultures which have adopted Islam have tended to be influenced by Arab customs. Thus Arab Muslim societies and other Muslims have cultural affinities, though every society has preserved its distinguishing characteristics. Islamic culture inherited an Arab culture born in the desert, simple but by no means simplistic. It has an oral tradition based on the transmission of culture through poetry and narrative. However, it has been the written record that has had the greatest impact on civilization. Islam civilization is based on the value of education, which both the Qur'an and the Prophet stressed.
One of the distinctive features of the Islamic tradition is its rapid expansion into a large and diverse civilization, soon becoming divided into several centers of political authority. Although the Prophet’s activities were mostly limited to the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, after his death the first four “Rightly Guided” caliphs sent armies to conquer Syria, Egypt, Iraq and parts of Persia, which were then within the declining Byzantine and Persian empires.
Carthage was a Phoenician state that included, during the 7th–3rd centuries BC, its wider sphere of influence known as the Carthaginian Empire. The empire extended over much of the coast of Northwest Africa as well as encompassing substantial parts of coastal Iberia and the islands of the western Mediterranean Sea.
The Kingdom of Carthage was the major power in the western Mediterranean from its establishment by the semi-legendary Queen Dido in 814 B.C. until its fall following its struggles against the rising Roman Republic. Carthage was one of the great trading powers of the Mediterranean and had relatively few rivals until its fall from grace, namely the Etruscans and the Greek city-states of Sicily and Cyrenaica. Much of Carthage's foreign policy depended on maintaining its mercantile dominance and expanding its control over island territories with which it could base its powerful navies and trade fleet.
The Phoenicians were the great mariners of the ancient world, and their thalassocracy (maritime realm) was organized into city-states. It is important to understand there was never a country or empire called “Phoenicia.” A possible origin of the historical name for this Semitic/Canaanite culture might have come from the ancient Greek Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē) meaning “Purple Land.” That is because the Phoenicians were famous in their own time for their dark purple dye—a rare and prized commodity. Inhabitants of the Phoenician city-states along the Eastern Mediterranean coast (like Sidon and Tyre) might have called themselves Kenaani (Canaanites).
With the coming of the new millenuim, the entire world has entered the globalized age, which is characterized by the US global power leading the world after the fall of the ex- USSR. The emergence of globaization rose several questions about the role of the US: Is it acting in favor preserving the world cultures, or trying to model the world according to the US Western and liberal values? This; in fact, has paved the way to rise of such theories, expliaing that the US has enetered a new phase of conflict which is basically cutural in order to survive and promote its cultural values.
The Bush era has seen remarkable change in the US foreign policy. After 9/ 11 attacks, President Bush (the son) initiated the Bush Doctrine and started his war on terror which had such implications as the invasion of Afghanistan in 2011, and the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) refers to human communication via computers and includes many different forms of synchronous, asynchronous or real-time interaction that humans have with each other using computers as tools to exchange text, images, audio and video.
The Bill Clinton Era the 1990s and the new millenniumBoutkhil Guemide
The Presidency of Bill Clinton has been an important era in the history of the US. Clinton is best known of his economic policies; namely, Clintonomics which produced a huge surplus of the budget. In foreign policy, Clinton is best known of the Engagement and Enlargement which relied on building of a new world order based on both Democracy and Freemarket economy.
Globally, educational systems are adopting new technologies to integrate ICT in the teaching and learning process, to prepare students with the knowledge and skills they need in their subject matter. In this way the teaching profession is evolving from teacher-centered to student-centered learning environments. ICT integration is understood as the usage of technology seamlessly for educational processes like transacting curricular content and students working on technology to do authentic tasks. Nowadays ICT facilitate not only the delivery of lessons but also the learning process itself. This includes computer based technologies, digital imaging, the internet, file servers, data storage devices, network infrastructure, desktops, laptops and broadcasting technologies namely radio and television, and telephone which are used as instructional tools at schools.
Globally, educational systems are adopting new technologies to integrate ICT in the teaching and learning process, to prepare students with the knowledge and skills they need in their subject matter. In this way the teaching profession is evolving from teacher- centered to student- centered learning environments. ICT integration is understood as the usage of technology seamlessly for educational processes like transacting curricular content and students working on technology to do authentic tasks.
Nowadays ICT facilitate not only the delivery of lessons but also the learning process itself. This includes computer based technologies, digital imaging, the internet, file servers, data storage devices, network infrastructure, desktops, laptops and broadcasting technologies namely radio and television, and telephone which are used as instructional tools at schools.
The US presence in the Middle East can be explained to the fact that it always defends its interets in the region. For, that reason, the US uses divergent means and methods to achieve its ends.
The lecture analyzes the phenomenon of Globalization, the technological revolution, the over exploitation of ICTs, and the rise of Information Society.
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a major tax cut, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as "Reaganomics", were inspired by supply-side economics. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the federal debt increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (which simplified the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks) and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Reagan also appointed more federal judges than any other president, including four Supreme Court Justices.
Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
3. Aztec Civilization
• The Aztec tribe lived in southern
Mexico from about 900 CE (AD) to
1521.
• In the 1100s the Aztec settled in the
Valley of Mexico on the swampy shores
of Lake Texcoco and on a small island
in the lake.
• The Aztec named this place
Tenochtitlan (te noch tee
TLAHN) and it eventually became
the capital of their civilization.
4.
5. The Aztecs
Located in modern day Mexico, and
Tenochtitlan was the capital city and
is located in what is now present day
Mexico City.
6. Aztec Empire
The Aztecs were founded by the
Mexica, (came from west Mexico)
Legend predicted the Mexicans
would found a great civilization
where they saw an eagle perched
on a cactus growing out of a rock
Aztec civilization was created on
Lake Texcoco— strategic with
abundant food supplies &
waterways for transportation
7.
8. Aztec Civilization
►Nomadic tribe that settled in the
Valley of Mexico around 1400 AD
►Many competing small empires
–war ends in 1428
►Triple Alliance
–(Texcoco, Tlacopan, and
Tenochtitlan)
►Empire lasts from 1428-1520
►Home to roughly 1.25 million
9. When captured by Spanish
conquistadors, Tenochtitlán was
possibly the largest city in the world
10. The first Aztecs were
farmers, but when they
arrived in Central America,
all the good farmland was
taken.
To survive, they had to
hire themselves out as
warriors.
11. The Aztecs’ Rise to Power
War was the key factor in the Aztecs’ rise to
power.
The Aztecs built alliances, or partnerships, to
build their empire.
The Aztecs made the people they conquered
pay tribute, or give them cotton, gold, or
food.
The Aztecs controlled a huge trade network.
Markets drew buyers and sellers from all
over the Aztec Empire.
By the early 1500s the Aztecs had the most
powerful state in Mesoamerica.
12. Tenochtitlán
Tenochtitlán was the capital of the Aztec
Empire. It was built in the middle of a lake, on
an island.
The Aztecs built causeways, or raised roads
across water or wet ground, so people could
access the city.
The Aztecs built stone canals to bring water to
the city and floating gardens to raise food and
flowers.
The city had huge temples, a busy market,
clean streets, and magnificent palaces.
It was the greatest city in the Americas during
13. Aztec Life
• At first, life was hard on the swampy land, but
the Aztecs gradually built up the city.
• They built causeways and bridges to connect the
island to the main land.
• A causeway is a raised road or path usually built
across a body of water.
14. Rise of the Aztec Empire
Population consisted of farmers &
warriors.
–Allied with Texcoco and Tlacopan.
After the alliance was formed the
empire gained control over many
region.
–Ruled 400 – 500 other city-states.
–5 Million people under Aztec rule.
15. Aztec Empire
Conquered people
paid tribute.
– Tribute was a type
of tax.
The Aztec Empire
gained wealth:
– Trade
– Tribute
16. Aztec Empire
Farming was the basis of the Aztec economy,
but land was not large enough to produce
enough food for the population;
• To solve the issue of growing crops in a swampy area,
the Aztecs built chimampas, by putting mud on
huge mats made of woven reeds & placed them
in lake— farmed on soil on these “farms”
• Chinampas are “floating” gardens built on a series of
rafts, which were anchored to the lake bed. They
piled dirt on top of the rafts and grew crops on them.
• The gardens were quite successful.
• The Aztecs grew chili peppers, squash, corn,
tomatoes, and beans.
17.
18.
19. School
• To build Tenochtitlan into the
city they wanted, the Aztecs
knew that they would need
many engineers, builders, and
other specialist.
• To solve this problem, the
Aztecs set up a system of public
schools.
• All Aztec children went to school
where they learned Aztec
history, religion, and a
specialized profession.
20. Specialized Professions
• Aztec children were trained to be
a specialist in some area. Boys
studied how to be farmers,
traders, engineers, builders,
astronomers, and doctors.
• Students who became builders
and engineers designed and built
the amazing Aztec cities,
including the capital city of
Tenochtitlan.
21. Aztec Society
Social Classes
King
Priests & Warriors
Farmers
Slaves & Prisoners of War
Though people were born
into a certain class it was
possible to move up the
ranks within a life time.
Also apart of the middle class
• Merchants and Artisans
22. Aztec Empire
Aztec were excellent warriors who
expanded their empire by conquering
their neighbors
Aztecs were the “people of the sun”
They honored many gods,
especially sun god;
They used human sacrifices to keep
the gods happy
The victim ’s heart was removed &
priest ate flesh as sign
of respect
23.
24.
25. Aztec Religion
• The Aztecs believed that human sacrifice was
necessary to feed their gods.
• They believed that if their gods were not fed, they
would not do their jobs.
War captives were used in the sacrifices
• In times of peace the Aztec would have to resort
to ritualistic warfar.
In the year 1487 the Aztecs reported killing
84,400 war prisoners in four days at the great
pyramid of Tenochitlan.
• After a town was conquered the inhabitants
where no longer eligible of sacrifice and became
Aztec citizens.
27. Aztec Art
The Aztecs also made other
religious and non-religious
artifacts such as jade
masks.
– These artifacts were sold in
markets by visiting
merchants.
28. War
• War was an important part of Aztec life.
• The Aztecs conquered over 400 cities in
Mexico.
• The Aztecs often used the prisoners they
captured as slaves or as human sacrifices to
feed their gods.
29. The Aztecs had many achievements in
science, art, and language.
The Aztecs valued learning and art. Aztec scientific achievements, artistic
traditions, and language contributed to their culture.
Scientific Achievements
The Aztecs studied astronomy and created a calendar much like the
Mayan calendar.
The Aztecs also knew many different uses for plants. They knew of
100 different plants that could be used for medicine.
Writing and Literature
The Aztecs had a complex writing system and kept extensive written
records.
The Aztecs also had a very strong oral tradition.
They considered fine speeches very important and also enjoyed
riddles.
Stories about ancestors and gods were also a part of the oral tradition.
The Aztecs told these stories to their children and passed them down
from generation to generation.
After the Spanish conquered the Aztecs, many of these stories were
written down.
30. The Fall of the Aztecs
• In 1521, Spanish conquistadors,
led by Hernan de Soto Cortez, and
their Native American partners
defeated the Aztecs and ended
their empire.
• Tenochtitlan was destroyed and a
new capital, Mexico City, was built
on top of the ruins of the
31. 1519: Spanish explorers
and soldiers arrived in the
Americas.
The soldiers, or
conquistadors, came to
explore new lands, search
for gold, and spread the
32.
33. A small group of conquistadors led by Cortés
reached Mexico in 1519.
Moctezuma II, the Aztec leader, believed that
Cortés was a god.
Moctezuma sent Cortés gifts, including gold.
Cortés wanted more gold, so he went to
Moctezuma.
Cortés took Moctezuma prisoner. The other
Aztecs attacked Cortés and his men. The
Spanish were driven out, but Moctezuma was
killed.
Cortés returned with many Indian allies and in
1521 they defeated the Aztecs and ended their
empire.
34.
35. Causes of the Defeat of the Aztecs
Alliances The Spanish had made allies in the
region who gave them supplies, information, and
warriors.
Weapons The Spanish had better weapons than
the Aztecs. They had cannons, armor, swords,
and horses that the Aztecs did not have.
Geography The Spanish were able to cut off the
capital city. The people had no food or water, so
many Aztecs died of starvation.
Disease The Spanish had unknowingly brought
deadly diseases such as smallpox to the
Americas. These diseases killed the Aztecs, who
had never been exposed to such diseases.