This document discusses the key leaders in the struggle for American Indian lands between the late 18th century and late 19th century. It outlines leaders who fought for Native American rights, such as Tecumseh who united tribes to defend their lands, and Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse who led resistance against U.S. seizure of the Black Hills. It also discusses pro-Native leaders like John Ross who defended Cherokee land rights in court. Meanwhile, President Andrew Jackson supported the Indian Removal Act of 1830 that displaced many Native Americans. Overall, the document provides a history of the leadership and events on both sides during the long-running conflict over ownership of Native American territories.

1. Who were the leaders
in the struggle for
American Indian
Lands?
By Mr. Casey

2. AGENDA
n New Vocabulary
n Lesson 6- Who were the leaders
in the struggle for American
Indian lands?

3. Act
n act - (noun) a law

4. Northwest Ordinance
n The Congress of the new
United States of America
passes a law in 1787 stating
that the Indians will be treated
equally and their lands shall not
be taken from them

5. Bureau of
Indian Affairs
n The new United States wanted a peaceful
relationship with the Indians
n Territorial Governors were in charge of
relations with the Indians
n Problem: These Governors are trying to
earn statehood and the Indians are often
in the way of expansion. Many of these
governors find it easier to eliminate the
Indians than negotiate with them.

6. Bureau of
Indian Affairs
n In 1824, Secretary of War, John C.
Calhoun, create the Bureau of Indian
Affairs (later called the Office of Indian
Affairs) to handle the issues involved
with trying to “civilize” the Indians.
n The Bureau was known for corruption
and theft

7. Leaders
(Pro Native)
Chief Logan
Mingo Tribe
*Was friendly with white
settlers until his family
was killed by a group of
trappers in 1774
*He fought the settlement
of the Ohio River Valley

8. Leaders
(Pro Native)
Chief Little Turtle
(Miami)
*1790-President Washington
orders the Governor of the
Northwest Territory to stop tribes
that have been raiding
settlements
*He sends General Arthur St. Clair
to stop the Miami. Little Turtle
and his men defeat an American
army of 1,300 men in Cincinnati
(killing 600 and wounding 300)

9. Leaders
(Pro Native)
Tecumseh
United several
American Indian
tribes to defend
the Ohio River
Valley against
settlers in a
peaceful way.

10. Leaders
(Pro Native)
Tecumseh
Tecumseh is out seeking
more allies when Governor
Harrison tries to attack
Tecumseh’s town. Harrison
loses many men but is able to
claim victory and forces the
Shawnee to sign a treaty
giving up land. This angers
Tecumseh.

11. Tecumseh
*Tecumseh is out seeking more
allies when Governor Harrison
tries to attack Tecumseh’s
town. Harrison is stopped at the
Battle of Tippecanoe and loses
many men but wears down the
Native American fighters, and
he is able to claim victory.
*His victory forces the Shawnee
to sign a treaty giving up land.
This angers Tecumseh.

12. Leaders (Pro)

13. Leaders (Pro)
Tecumseh
*Later in the year, the
U.S declares war on
Great Britain in the War
of 1812. He allies with
the British and wins
several battles before
he is killed at the Battle
of Thames.

14. Leaders
(Pro Native)
Sitting Bull
Lakota Chief
Crazy Horse
Lakota Leader
SIOUX
NATION
Prospectors begin flooding into the Black
Hills region searching for gold.
The Fort Laramie Treaty guaranteed the
Black Hills would be Native American land.

15. Leaders
Sitting Bull
Lakota Chief
Crazy Horse
Lakota Leader
SIOUX
NATION
The U.S government tries to buy the
Black Hills but they Indians refuse to sell
it. The U.S Army begins a plan to
eliminate the Sioux and Cheyenne from
the area

16. Leaders
Sitting Bull
Lakota Chief
Crazy Horse
Lakota Leader
SIOUX
NATION
The Sioux and Cheyenne resist, defeating
the U.S Army several times, including the
Indian victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn
http://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/photosmultimedia/multimedia.htm

17. Leaders
Crazy Horse
Lakota Leader
Unfortunately, the Indian
victories bring more troops
to the plains forcing the
Indians back to

18. Leaders
(Pro Native)
JOHN ROSS
Chief John
Ross served the
Cherokee and
defended their
right to stay on
their land

19. Leaders
(Pro Native)
Chief Justice
John Marshall
Ruled in favor
of John Ross
and the
Cherokee
nation. He said
it wasn’t legal
for the state of
Georgia to take
their land.

20. Leaders (Anti)
President Andrew Jackson
*War Hero-Defeats the British
at the Battle of New Orleans
*Elected 7th President of
U.S
*Indian Removal Act 1830

21. Political Cartoons
n Throughout history political
cartoons have been used to
illustrate political feelings and
opinions.

22. Cartoon 1

23. Cartoon 2

24. Cartoon 3