Feed ingredients for ration of livestock

1. Dr. P. Ravikanth Reddy
MVSc, PhD
Guest Faculty
KBR College of Agriculture and Horticulture
Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University
Dr. YSR Horticulture University

2.  RATION – Feed allowed for an animal for a period of 24 hours.
 BALANCED RATION - Provides essential nutrients to the animals in such
proportion and amount that are required for the proper nourishment of the particular
animal.
DESIRABLE CHARACTERS OF A RATION
 Liberal feeding – Satisfy all physiological status
 Individual feeding – No competition
 Properly balance –
 Palatable & Variety -

3.  Good & Sound – Poor quality reduces feed value
 Mineral mixture –
 Laxative –
 Bulky –
 Green fodder –
 Avoid sudden changes in diet –
 Regular timings –
 Properly prepared – Hard grain – coarsely ground; Cotton seed cake – soaked

4. Feeding Green fodder at extensive scales
Green
Fodder
Protein Beta carotene
Complex
carbohydrates
Calcium
(Leguminous
forage) Phytonutrients
Low concentrate cost,
Improved productive and
reproductive performance
(One year – One calf)
Increased
Milk fat %
Reproductive
health
Milk production Increased
longevity
Doubles the Farmers Income

5. Commonly available feed ingredients for Livestock and Poultry

6. Agriculture crops
Food crops
Crops residues
(dry fodder)
roughages
Oil seeds
Oil cakes &
by products
Fodder crops
Tree leaves
concentrates
Non food
crops (fiber)
Cotton seed cakes &
by products
PASTURES
CONVENTIONAL FEEDING

7. Population
Explosion
Increasing
Demand
Shortage of
both protein
and energy rich
animal feeds
Deficit of 19% DM,
55% DCP & 28% TDN
2020 India would require 494 Mt of dry
fodder, 825 Mt of green fodder and 54 Mt
of concentrate feed.
reach about 312 million by 2020
India imports about 250,000 tonnes of residues and waste from food industry like flour meals, molasses, residue of starch, oil-
cake, vegetables etc worth over 1,000 million rupees (INR).

8. Allocating more
land for fodder
cultivation
NOT POSSIBLE
Efficient utilization of available
feedstuffs along with
continuous search for newer
feed resources and feeding
methods

9. The non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) refer to all
those feeds that have not been traditionally used in
animal feeding & are not normally used in commercially
produced rations for livestock.
Considerable potential
as feed material
Economically
justifiable
technology
Convert them into some usable
products.

10.  Brewery waste & DDG
 Sea weed meal
 Sugar cane bagasse
Classification of Agro-industrial byproducts based on
Nutrient Contents
Protein Rich Vegetable origin Animal origin
Miscellaneous
 Tapioca products
 Mango seed kernel
 Tamarind seed powder
 Guar meal
 Rubber seed cake
 Neem seed cake
 Poultry By products
 Blood & Meat Meal
 Shrimp Shell
Energy Rich