The document discusses the advantages and nutritional requirements of goat farming, highlighting its low maintenance and high productivity potential. It emphasizes the importance of energy, protein, and micronutrients in goat diets, as well as various feeding systems suited for different environments. The document also outlines specific dietary recommendations for optimal growth and production in goats.

1. Presented By:
Dr. Dharmesh Tewari
Assistant Professor
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology
Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh-224229
GOAT NUTRITION

2. Advantages of Goat Farming
Minimal space is required
Feeding needs are less
Low maintenance
Faster growth
Easy to train and handle
High prolificacy
Inexpensive to keep
Easily marketable

3. Goats are Ruminant...
Compound stomach
 Rumen
 Reticulum
 Omassum
 Abomassum
 Rumination
Adapted to forage diet
Rumen–Fermentation Vat

4. Goat Farming in India
1) Extensive system
Free range
Night shelter
Large number of population
2) Semi-intensive system
 Allowed for grazing during day time
 Housed during night
3) Intensive system/Zero grazing system
 Suitable in urban areas (scarcity of grazing land )
 Reared intensively in sheds
 Feeding and watering should be given inside the shed

5. Advantages of Zero Grazing System
 Exploitation of the system of feeding agro-industrial by products
 Close supervision and control over the animals
 Dung is collected in one place and used as a good fertilizer
 Less space is sufficient for more number of animals
 Less parasitic infestation
 Better quality and quantity byproducts
 Less environmental pollution

6. Intensive System
Breeding
Feeding
Heeding
Weeding

7. Nutrition account for 60% or more
of total production costs
 Factor on which the farmer can
act quickly and easily
 Affects the growth, lactation and
reproductive performance
 Poorly fed animals are more
susceptible to diseases
Importance of Nutrition

8. Essential Nutrients for Goat
Water
Energy
Protein
Mineral
Vitamin
Fiber

9. Water
Goats should be provided with ad-libitum
clean water.
A adult goat drinks about 400-700 ml,
water/day.
Goats have the ability to conserve water
by reducing losses in urine and faeces.
 Sensitive and reluctant to taste of water
The mean DM, free water intake ratio for
goats should be 1:1.2.
If hard water is given continuously, higher
calcium and phosphorus deficiency will
cause male infertility.

10. Energy
 Required in greatest quantity
Most limiting nutrient
Comes primarily from Carbohydrate
and fats in diet but also from excess
protein
Excess energy stored as fat in the
body
Energy expressed in the form of
TDN-Total digestible nutrient
DE-Digestible Energy
ME-Metabolizable energy
NE-Net energy

11. Too much energy in diet
 Wasteful economically
Over BCS impaired reproduction
Fatty female more prone to
pregnancy toxemia
 Feed efficiency decreases
Excess finish undesirable to
consumers
Not enough energy in diet
Reduced fertility
Reduced growth rate
Reduced milk production
Loss of body condition reserves
Less cold tolerance
Reduced resistance to disease
Risk of ketosis
Reduced nutrient absorption
Increase protein requirements in
ration

12. Protein
 Required in smaller amount than energy
More expensive feed ingredients than
energy
Amount more important than quality
Excess protein not stored, broken down
and used as energy
Some excess protein may be beneficial if
parasites burdens excessive
Protein is expressed in
CP- Crude protein
DP- Digestible protein
MP- Metabolizable protein
RDP and UDP (Bypass protein)

13. Bypass protein
In high producing animal it
is recommended that 25-35 %
of protein be Bypass protein
20-30% of protein in fresh
high quality forage is bypass
protein
Supplementing with bypass
protein may improve
productivity and/or increase
resistance to internal
parasites
Bypass protein sources
Low
Soybean protein
Medium
Cottonseed meal
Dehydrated alfaalfa,
distiller’s grain
High
Corn gluten meal, Fish meal

14. Too much protein
Expensive and inefficient
source of energy
Risk of pizzle rot in males
Can cause metabolic
harm
 Environmental pollution
Not enough protein
Impaired production
Reduced growth rate
Reduced milk production
Decreased resistance to
disease
Reduced rumen function
Reduced hoof and horn
growth
Reduced nutrient absorption

15. Micronutrients
Vitamins
Fat soluble
A, D, E K
Water soluble
B complex, C
Minerals
Macrominerals
Ca, P, k, Mg, Na, Cl and S
Microminerals
Co, Cu, F, Fe, I, Mn, Mo, Se and
Zn

16. Nutrient Requirements
Genetics
Size
Age
Stage of production
Environment
Body condition

20.  Babool
Cactus
Eucalyptus
Ber
 Mulberry
 Subabool
Browses are considered to have high nutritional
value compared to pasture grasses and crop
residues.
Nearly 22% Crude protein
Higher concentrations of ash (minerals),
less fiber and
remain nutritious during the dry season
antinutritional factors such as tannins, nitrates,
oxalates, sinogens, saponins, mimosine
nutrient-rich leguminous and
non-leguminous pastures/forages and fodder crops
FEED INGREDIENTS

21. cassava peels,
vegetables,
fruit by-products,
grape seed pulp,
starch industry by-
products,
dairy industry by-products,
oliveby-products
Soybean hulls,
wheat middling
corn gluten feed
dried distillers
grains,
corn cobs,
potato peels,

22. Probiotics
Prebiotics
Phytogenics
Essential oil
Exogenous enzyme
Organic acids
Antioxidants

23. Goat Dietary Composition and
Feeding Aspects
Optimal ratio of 40% roughage to 60% concentrate
adlibitum green forage with a concentrate admixture of
300 g
Continuous supplementation of goats with proteins
especially in goats consuming low-quality forages
Creep grazing or grazing with high quality, nutritious
forage or concentrate supplements
Feeding soybean or flaxseed oils 15-20 ml/day to
lactating

25. Colostrum Feeding
Colostrums should be fed within half
an hour to ensure immunity
Continue for 3 to 4 days
It contains vitamins , antibodies
calcium ,phosphorus, protein and
minerals
It provides immunity to young one

26. Milk feeding
Milk feeding should be given @1/6th of
their body wt for 30 days
Next four weeks reduced to 1/6th of
body wt
Third month 1/10th to 1/15th of their
body wt

27. Substitute For Colostrum
If colostrum is not available
Cow milk(boiled)250ml
Boiled water 100ml
Wiped egg 1 no.
Vitamin A(fish oil ) 1 teaspoon
Castor oil 0.5teaspoon
Antibiotic 10,000 IU
Feed the kids twice or thrice in a day

30. 5-6 Kg green fodder of leguminous and cereal fodder
(Lucerne ,Shesbania, Hedge Lucerne ,Maize ,sorghum, Hybrid Napier , Marvel
,Hadaga,shevaga, leucanea lucacephala )
1kg Dry fodder
200-300 gm. Concentrate feed .
20 gm. Mineral mixture
Per adult goat per day
Adlib drinking water for 24 hrs.

37. Ingredients Parts
Deoiled grondnut cake 12
Horse gram 30
Wheat/maize/ jowar(grain) 30
Rice polish/wheat bran 15
Dried unsalted fish 10
Min.mixure 1.5
Common salt 1.5
Vit AB2D3 25g/100kg of feed mixture

38. Goats have higher maintenance
requirement than sheep
Dairy goats have higher
maintenance requirement than
meat and fiber goats
Female with genetic potential of
higher milk production have
higher nutritional requirement.

39. Bigger goats need to eat more
Smaller goats need a more
nutrient dense diet
Mature females need to eat more.
Young females need more
nutrient dense diet

40. Energy requirements during
late gestation are more than
50% higher than maintenance
Protein requirements don’t
increase until lactation
Calcium requirements are
highest during late gestation
Phosphorus requirements are
highest during lactation

41. Smaller kids need to consume a
more nutrient dense diet
Bigger kids need to consume more
quantity of nutrients
Dairy goat buck don’t need to eat
as much as Boer bucks, but diets
need to be more energy dense
Boer buck need to eat the most,
so need not be energy dense
Type % TDN % CP
Dairy 87.7 14.4
Boer 66.3 15.1
Indigenous 67.0 13.0

42. Boer bucks have higher
requirements for protein
Local breed goats have lower
requirements for protein than
improved breeds
Dairy goat buck don’t need
to eat as much as Boer bucks,
but diets need to be more
energy dense
Boer buck need to eat the
most, so need not be energy
dense
Type % TDN % CP
Doelings, wether 65.8 15.9
Intact male 66.3 14.5

43. The more you feed a
goat it will gain
Better performance
require both more feed
and better quality feed.
Higher TDN and CP%
The bigger question is :
is better performance
economical ?

44. THANKS