transition period is an important period for milch animals. during this period feeding is also utmost important. During this time feeding and management decide the future of dairy animals.
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Goat Nutrition.pptx
1. Presented By:
Dr. Dharmesh Tewari
Assistant Professor
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology
Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh-224229
GOAT NUTRITION
2. Advantages of Goat Farming
Minimal space is required
Feeding needs are less
Low maintenance
Faster growth
Easy to train and handle
High prolificacy
Inexpensive to keep
Easily marketable
4. Goat Farming in India
1) Extensive system
Free range
Night shelter
Large number of population
2) Semi-intensive system
Allowed for grazing during day time
Housed during night
3) Intensive system/Zero grazing system
Suitable in urban areas (scarcity of grazing land )
Reared intensively in sheds
Feeding and watering should be given inside the shed
5. Advantages of Zero Grazing System
Exploitation of the system of feeding agro-industrial by products
Close supervision and control over the animals
Dung is collected in one place and used as a good fertilizer
Less space is sufficient for more number of animals
Less parasitic infestation
Better quality and quantity byproducts
Less environmental pollution
7. Nutrition account for 60% or more
of total production costs
Factor on which the farmer can
act quickly and easily
Affects the growth, lactation and
reproductive performance
Poorly fed animals are more
susceptible to diseases
Importance of Nutrition
9. Water
Goats should be provided with ad-libitum
clean water.
A adult goat drinks about 400-700 ml,
water/day.
Goats have the ability to conserve water
by reducing losses in urine and faeces.
Sensitive and reluctant to taste of water
The mean DM, free water intake ratio for
goats should be 1:1.2.
If hard water is given continuously, higher
calcium and phosphorus deficiency will
cause male infertility.
10. Energy
Required in greatest quantity
Most limiting nutrient
Comes primarily from Carbohydrate
and fats in diet but also from excess
protein
Excess energy stored as fat in the
body
Energy expressed in the form of
TDN-Total digestible nutrient
DE-Digestible Energy
ME-Metabolizable energy
NE-Net energy
11. Too much energy in diet
Wasteful economically
Over BCS impaired reproduction
Fatty female more prone to
pregnancy toxemia
Feed efficiency decreases
Excess finish undesirable to
consumers
Not enough energy in diet
Reduced fertility
Reduced growth rate
Reduced milk production
Loss of body condition reserves
Less cold tolerance
Reduced resistance to disease
Risk of ketosis
Reduced nutrient absorption
Increase protein requirements in
ration
12. Protein
Required in smaller amount than energy
More expensive feed ingredients than
energy
Amount more important than quality
Excess protein not stored, broken down
and used as energy
Some excess protein may be beneficial if
parasites burdens excessive
Protein is expressed in
CP- Crude protein
DP- Digestible protein
MP- Metabolizable protein
RDP and UDP (Bypass protein)
13. Bypass protein
In high producing animal it
is recommended that 25-35 %
of protein be Bypass protein
20-30% of protein in fresh
high quality forage is bypass
protein
Supplementing with bypass
protein may improve
productivity and/or increase
resistance to internal
parasites
Bypass protein sources
Low
Soybean protein
Medium
Cottonseed meal
Dehydrated alfaalfa,
distiller’s grain
High
Corn gluten meal, Fish meal
14. Too much protein
Expensive and inefficient
source of energy
Risk of pizzle rot in males
Can cause metabolic
harm
Environmental pollution
Not enough protein
Impaired production
Reduced growth rate
Reduced milk production
Decreased resistance to
disease
Reduced rumen function
Reduced hoof and horn
growth
Reduced nutrient absorption
15. Micronutrients
Vitamins
Fat soluble
A, D, E K
Water soluble
B complex, C
Minerals
Macrominerals
Ca, P, k, Mg, Na, Cl and S
Microminerals
Co, Cu, F, Fe, I, Mn, Mo, Se and
Zn
20. Babool
Cactus
Eucalyptus
Ber
Mulberry
Subabool
Browses are considered to have high nutritional
value compared to pasture grasses and crop
residues.
Nearly 22% Crude protein
Higher concentrations of ash (minerals),
less fiber and
remain nutritious during the dry season
antinutritional factors such as tannins, nitrates,
oxalates, sinogens, saponins, mimosine
nutrient-rich leguminous and
non-leguminous pastures/forages and fodder crops
FEED INGREDIENTS
23. Goat Dietary Composition and
Feeding Aspects
Optimal ratio of 40% roughage to 60% concentrate
adlibitum green forage with a concentrate admixture of
300 g
Continuous supplementation of goats with proteins
especially in goats consuming low-quality forages
Creep grazing or grazing with high quality, nutritious
forage or concentrate supplements
Feeding soybean or flaxseed oils 15-20 ml/day to
lactating
24.
25. Colostrum Feeding
Colostrums should be fed within half
an hour to ensure immunity
Continue for 3 to 4 days
It contains vitamins , antibodies
calcium ,phosphorus, protein and
minerals
It provides immunity to young one
26. Milk feeding
Milk feeding should be given @1/6th of
their body wt for 30 days
Next four weeks reduced to 1/6th of
body wt
Third month 1/10th to 1/15th of their
body wt
27. Substitute For Colostrum
If colostrum is not available
Cow milk(boiled)250ml
Boiled water 100ml
Wiped egg 1 no.
Vitamin A(fish oil ) 1 teaspoon
Castor oil 0.5teaspoon
Antibiotic 10,000 IU
Feed the kids twice or thrice in a day
28.
29.
30. 5-6 Kg green fodder of leguminous and cereal fodder
(Lucerne ,Shesbania, Hedge Lucerne ,Maize ,sorghum, Hybrid Napier , Marvel
,Hadaga,shevaga, leucanea lucacephala )
1kg Dry fodder
200-300 gm. Concentrate feed .
20 gm. Mineral mixture
Per adult goat per day
Adlib drinking water for 24 hrs.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37. Ingredients Parts
Deoiled grondnut cake 12
Horse gram 30
Wheat/maize/ jowar(grain) 30
Rice polish/wheat bran 15
Dried unsalted fish 10
Min.mixure 1.5
Common salt 1.5
Vit AB2D3 25g/100kg of feed mixture
38. Goats have higher maintenance
requirement than sheep
Dairy goats have higher
maintenance requirement than
meat and fiber goats
Female with genetic potential of
higher milk production have
higher nutritional requirement.
39. Bigger goats need to eat more
Smaller goats need a more
nutrient dense diet
Mature females need to eat more.
Young females need more
nutrient dense diet
40. Energy requirements during
late gestation are more than
50% higher than maintenance
Protein requirements don’t
increase until lactation
Calcium requirements are
highest during late gestation
Phosphorus requirements are
highest during lactation
41. Smaller kids need to consume a
more nutrient dense diet
Bigger kids need to consume more
quantity of nutrients
Dairy goat buck don’t need to eat
as much as Boer bucks, but diets
need to be more energy dense
Boer buck need to eat the most,
so need not be energy dense
Type % TDN % CP
Dairy 87.7 14.4
Boer 66.3 15.1
Indigenous 67.0 13.0
42. Boer bucks have higher
requirements for protein
Local breed goats have lower
requirements for protein than
improved breeds
Dairy goat buck don’t need
to eat as much as Boer bucks,
but diets need to be more
energy dense
Boer buck need to eat the
most, so need not be energy
dense
Type % TDN % CP
Doelings, wether 65.8 15.9
Intact male 66.3 14.5
43. The more you feed a
goat it will gain
Better performance
require both more feed
and better quality feed.
Higher TDN and CP%
The bigger question is :
is better performance
economical ?