This document provides information about various underwater life forms found around the world, including turtles, sharks, corals, dolphins, rays, scorpionfish, seahorses, and the Great Barrier Reef. It describes key features of the green sea turtle, hammerhead shark, great white shark, tiger shark, Great Barrier Reef, orca, common stingray, black scorpionfish, and long-snouted seahorse. The document also includes a brief quiz about some of the animals covered.

1. UNDERWATER
LIFE By:
Datcu Tudor Razvan
Curt Raluca Ioana
Coman Catalina Adelina
Belu Irina Mihaela
Coman Laurentiu

2. TURTLES

3. THE GREEN SEA TURTLE
• The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), also known as the green turtle, black
(sea) turtle, or Pacific green turtle, is a large sea turtle of the family
Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus Chelonia.
• Its range extends throughout tropical and subtropical seas around the world,
with two distinct populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but it is also
found in the Indian Ocean.
• The common name comes from the usually green fat found beneath its
carapace; these turtles' shells are olive to black.

4. SHARKS

5. THE HAMMERHEAD SHARK
• The hammerhead sharks are a group of sharks in the family Sphyrnidae, so
named for the unusual and distinctive structure of their heads, which are
flattened and laterally extended into a "hammer" shape called a cephalofoil.
• The known species range from 0.9 to 6 m in length and weigh from 3 to 580 kg
• They are usually light gray and have a greenish tint. Their bellies are white
which allows them to blend into the ocean when viewed from the bottom and
sneak up on their prey.
• Their heads have lateral projections which give them a hammer-like shape.

6. THE GREAT WHITE SHARK
• The great white shark averages 4.5 m in length, but some have been recorded
as large as 6 m long! They generally weigh up to 2250 kg
• Great white sharks are blue-gray on the dorsal, or top, part of their bodies.
This helps them blend in with the bottom of the ocean when viewed from
above. The belly, or ventral, part of the body, is white. This makes it difficult to
see the sharks from below, with sunlight shining in around them.
• The great white is at the top of the food chain and has few threats in the
ocean. Only orcas and larger sharks can pose a risk. The only other risk to the
great white shark is human interaction.
• They are sometimes caught by accident in fishing nets or intentionally sought
out by sport fisherman. Their jaws and fins are sold for considerable amounts
of money.

7. THE TIGER SHARK
• Tiger sharks are named for the dark, vertical stripes found mainly on juveniles.
As these sharks mature, the lines begin to fade and almost disappear. These
large, blunt-nosed predators have a duly earned reputation as man-eaters.
• They are second only to great whites in attacking people. But because they
have a near completely undiscerning palate, they are not likely to swim away
after biting a human, as great whites frequently do.

8. CORALS

9. THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
• The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of
over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300
kilometres over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres. The reef
is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.
• The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest
single structure made by living organisms
• Thirty species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises have been recorded in the
Great Barrier Reef, including the dwarf minke whale, Indo-Pacific humpback
dolphin, and the humpback whale.
• Large populations of dugongs live there. More than 1,500 fish species live on
the reef, including the clownfish, red bass, red-throat emperor, and several
species of snapper and coral trout.

10. DOLPHINS

11. ORCA
• The killer whale or orca (Orcinus orca) is a toothed whale belonging to the
oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member.
• Killer whales are found in all oceans, from Arctic and Antarctic regions to
tropical seas.
• Killer whales are highly social; some populations are composed of matrilineal
family groups (pods) which are the most stable of any animal species. Their
sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviours, which are often
specific to a particular group and passed across generations, have been
described as manifestations of animal culture.

12. THE BLACK SEA

13. STINGRAYS
• The common stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca) is a species of stingray in the family
Dasyatidae, found in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean
and Black Seas. It typically inhabits sandy or muddy habitats in coastal waters
shallower than 60 m, often burying itself in sediment.
• Usually measuring 45 cm across, the common stingray has a diamond-shaped
pectoral fin disc slightly wider than long, and a whip-like tail with upper and
lower fin folds.
• The predominant prey of the common stingray are bottom-dwelling
crustaceans, though it also takes molluscs, polychaete worms, and small bony
fishes. The common stingray can inflict a painful, though rarely life-
threatening, wound with its venomous tail spine.
• During classical antiquity, its sting was ascribed many mythical properties.

14. THE SCORPIONFISH
• The black scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus) is a venomous Scorpionfish,
common in marine subtropical waters. It is widespread in the Eastern Atlantic
Ocean from the British Isles to the Azores and Canary Islands, near the coasts
of Morocco, in the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
• It is a monster: a big head covered with skin flaps, protruding red eyes, huge
mouth with thick lips. Dorsal fin's rays of scorpaena became poisoned spikes -
venom glands locate at the base of each ray. Another couple of hard poisoned
prickles grow from gill flaps. These thorns are scorpaena's defense weapon,
whereas its weapon of attack is a great many sharp crooked teeth.
• The Scorpion-fish is a predator hiding between rocks and algae,
indistinguishable from them due to the camouflage of color spots and skin
shreds. Scorpaena waits until smaller fish approach within attacking distance -
a violent rush follows and the prey being swallowed within a split second.

15. SEA HORSES
• The long-snouted seahorse is a small-sized fish that can reach a maximum
length of 21.5 cm but the average size is more or less 12 cm. The body is
slender, the snout is long and the tail is prehensile. Its color ranges from dark
green to different variants of brown to yellow, the body is often speckled with
small white dots.
• The long-snouted seahorse has a carnivorous diet and feeds on small
crustaceans, larvae, fish eggs and other planktonic organisms. It is
ovoviviparous and it is the male who broods the eggs in its ventral brood
pouch. When fully grown, pups will be expelled from the pocket and evolve in
complete autonomy.

16. QUIZ
What color is
a green sea
turtle’s shell?
Green
Olive
Blue
What parts of the
Great White Shark’s
body are valuable?
Their Jaws
and Fins
Their
Teeth
Their Skin
Can the Great
Barrier Reef be
seen from space?
Yes
No
Only at
night
What family of
animals do orcas
belong to?
Whales
Sharks
Dolphins

17. THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!!
• All information is taken from Wikipedia.com and all images are taken from
Google images.