Marine mammals like whales and manatees are fully adapted to life in the ocean. Whales are large, intelligent aquatic mammals that breathe air through blowholes. There are two main types of whales - toothed whales that have teeth and echolocate, and baleen whales that filter feed using baleen plates. Whales migrate long distances annually and live in family pods. Manatees and dugongs are also fully aquatic mammals that eat aquatic plants. There are currently only four remaining species of manatees and dugongs that live in shallow warm coastal waters.
ADAPTATION OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTJaneAlamAdnan
Adaptation is an evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes increasingly well suited to living in a particular habitat. It is not a quick process! Natural selection over many generations results in helpful traits becoming more common in a population. This occurs because individuals with these traits are better adapted to the environment and therefore more likely to survive and breed. Adaptation is also a common term to describe these helpful or adaptive traits. In other words, an adaptation is a feature of an organism that enables it to live in a particular habitat.
Second-largest phylum in number of species- over 100,000 described.
Ecologically widespread- marine, freshwater, terrestrial (gastropods very successful on land)
Variety of body plans (therefore, many classes within the phylum)
Variety in body size- from ~1 mm to ~18 m (60 feet). 80% are under 5 cm, but many are large and therefore significant as food for man.
ADAPTATION OF MARINE ORGANISMS TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTJaneAlamAdnan
Adaptation is an evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes increasingly well suited to living in a particular habitat. It is not a quick process! Natural selection over many generations results in helpful traits becoming more common in a population. This occurs because individuals with these traits are better adapted to the environment and therefore more likely to survive and breed. Adaptation is also a common term to describe these helpful or adaptive traits. In other words, an adaptation is a feature of an organism that enables it to live in a particular habitat.
Second-largest phylum in number of species- over 100,000 described.
Ecologically widespread- marine, freshwater, terrestrial (gastropods very successful on land)
Variety of body plans (therefore, many classes within the phylum)
Variety in body size- from ~1 mm to ~18 m (60 feet). 80% are under 5 cm, but many are large and therefore significant as food for man.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION of clams
What is the difference between mussels, oysters, scallops and clams?
General characteristics of clams
Distribution and habitat of clams
BIOLOGY of clams
Breeding habit of clams
Present status of production
Craft and gear
Clams have two symmetrical shells(Bivalve)
They can filters their food
Clams can control their outer shells and shut them in response to stimuli, via a elastic ligament and two large muscles
In side their usually grey, black shells you can see a white, tan center
Clams have siphons that forces water out and allows them to take in micro organisms
There are over 150 edible species.There are over 15,000 species of clams.Small freshwater clams fertilize eggs in a pouch and bear their young until its shell develops.
The Giant clam can weigh more than 400lb and live for over 150 years.
It takes 3-4 years for a clam to mature to market size.
Some clams can produce pearls.One in 5,000 clams forms a pearl.
A clam can live until about 35 years if not eaten.
distribution:
Marine clams are abundant in the low and mid intertidal zone in temperate seas globally. Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones.
Certain species of marine clams prefer salt marshes or quiet bays, while others thrive in pounding surf, completely covering wave-washed rocks. Some species have colonized abyssal depths near hydrothermal vents. The South African white mussel exceptionally doesn't bind itself to rocks but burrows into sandy beaches extending two tubes above the sand surface for ingestion of food and water and exhausting wastes.
Freshwater clams inhabit permanent lakes, rivers, canals and streams throughout the world except in the polar regions. They require a constant source of cool, clean water. They prefer water with a substantial mineral content, using calcium carbonate to build their shells.
Why are they introduced Exotic fishes transplanted in INDIA
Types/routes of introductions
A.Deliberate introductions
accidental introduction
predation on natives
competition
habitat alteration
parasites/diseases
genetic effects
ecosystem engineers – radically change structure of communities and habitats, e.g., zebra mussels
Effects of exotics
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
In terms of biomass, the greatest migration in the world is the migration of Zooplankton .
Zooplankton migration is different because it moves up and down through the ocean's depths rather than traversing a landscape.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION of clams
What is the difference between mussels, oysters, scallops and clams?
General characteristics of clams
Distribution and habitat of clams
BIOLOGY of clams
Breeding habit of clams
Present status of production
Craft and gear
Clams have two symmetrical shells(Bivalve)
They can filters their food
Clams can control their outer shells and shut them in response to stimuli, via a elastic ligament and two large muscles
In side their usually grey, black shells you can see a white, tan center
Clams have siphons that forces water out and allows them to take in micro organisms
There are over 150 edible species.There are over 15,000 species of clams.Small freshwater clams fertilize eggs in a pouch and bear their young until its shell develops.
The Giant clam can weigh more than 400lb and live for over 150 years.
It takes 3-4 years for a clam to mature to market size.
Some clams can produce pearls.One in 5,000 clams forms a pearl.
A clam can live until about 35 years if not eaten.
distribution:
Marine clams are abundant in the low and mid intertidal zone in temperate seas globally. Other species of marine mussel live in tropical intertidal areas, but not in the same huge numbers as in temperate zones.
Certain species of marine clams prefer salt marshes or quiet bays, while others thrive in pounding surf, completely covering wave-washed rocks. Some species have colonized abyssal depths near hydrothermal vents. The South African white mussel exceptionally doesn't bind itself to rocks but burrows into sandy beaches extending two tubes above the sand surface for ingestion of food and water and exhausting wastes.
Freshwater clams inhabit permanent lakes, rivers, canals and streams throughout the world except in the polar regions. They require a constant source of cool, clean water. They prefer water with a substantial mineral content, using calcium carbonate to build their shells.
Why are they introduced Exotic fishes transplanted in INDIA
Types/routes of introductions
A.Deliberate introductions
accidental introduction
predation on natives
competition
habitat alteration
parasites/diseases
genetic effects
ecosystem engineers – radically change structure of communities and habitats, e.g., zebra mussels
Effects of exotics
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
In terms of biomass, the greatest migration in the world is the migration of Zooplankton .
Zooplankton migration is different because it moves up and down through the ocean's depths rather than traversing a landscape.
Whale Shark The largest of all sharks and the largest living fish, the whale shark is one of the most dramatic views of the ocean. Its large size, distinctive patterns and its enormous mouth make it instantly recognizable and can be commonly seen wandering near the surface in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. Their diet is based mainly on plankton, but also regularly feed on small schooling fish and squid. Unlike basking sharks, which simply filter vast amounts of water as they swim, whale sharks actively suck their prey before filtering efficiently and are sometimes seen in groups, feeding on high concentrations of food. Regularly appear in the same places at specific times of the year, probably to capitalize on plankton blooms and events such as coral spawning.
Threat of sea turtle Rajeev raghavan Kufos kerala Ashish sahu
Sea turtles, sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, olive ridley sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle, flatback sea turtle, and leatherback sea turtle.
Sea turtle, any of seven species of marine turtles belonging to the families Dermochelyidae (leatherback sea turtles) and Cheloniidae (green turtles, flatback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, hawksbills, and ridleys).
Seven different species of sea (or marine) turtles grace our ocean waters, from the shallow seagrass beds of the Indian Ocean, to the colorful reefs of the Coral Triangle, and even the sandy beaches of the Eastern Pacific. WWFs work on sea turtles focuses on five of those species: green, hawksbill, loggerhead, leatherback and olive ridley.
See more on worldwildlife.org
it is a presentation which talks about 6 marine animals and 4 aquatic plants which are found to live in the Atlantic ocean.
it is a colorful presentation with lots of images to substantiate the information given aside.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. Return to the Oceans
•Mamalia laut harus kembali ke laut beberapa
kali
•Seluruh mamalia laut adalah viviparous
•Anak disusui dari glandula susu induk
•Harus beradaptasi untuk melahirkan dan
menyusui anaknya di lingkungan laut
•Bertahan tetap hangat adalah tantangan
utama
3. What is a Whale?
• Whales are large, magnificent, intelligent,
aquatic mammals. They breathe air
through blowhole(s) into lungs (unlike fish
who breathe using gills). Whales have
sleek, streamlined bodies that move easily
through the water. They are the only
mammals, other than manatees
(seacows), that live their entire lives in the
water, and the only mammals that have
adapted to life in the open oceans.
4. Like all mammals:
• Whales breathe air into lungs,
• Whales have hair (although they have a
lot less than land mammals, and have
almost none as adults),
• Whales are warm-blooded (they maintain
a high body temperature),
• Whales have mammary glands with which
they nourish their young,
• Whales have a four-chambered heart
5. WHALE CLASSIFICATION
• Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates)
Class: Mammalia (mammals)
Order: Cetacea
• Whales belong to the order Cetacea (from
the Greek word "cetus" which means whale)
• Cetaceans are the group of mammals that
includes the whales, dolphins, and
porpoises.
6. Type of Whale
• There are two types of whales alive today: toothed
whales, Odontoceti, and baleen whales, Mysticeti.
Toothed whales have teeth, are predators that eat fish,
squid, and marine mammals, have a single blowhole,
and use echolocation. Baleen whales are larger than the
toothed whales, are filter feeders that use baleen to
sieve food (baleen is a comb-like structure that filters the
baleen whales' food from the water), and have 2
blowholes.
A primitive groups of cetaceans, the Archaeoceti,
evolved during the Eocene epoch, about 50 million years
ago.
7. Characteristics
• Mysticeti
No teeth. Instead they have keratin
baleen plates, suspended from the roof
of the mouth
Two nasal openings (or blowholes)
The skull is symmetrical
The melon is present only in the fetal
stage and absent or poorly developed in
adults.
They have no echolocation capabilities.
8. • Odontoceti
All species have teeth.
There number of teeth varies from 2 in
some beaked whales to more than 250
in some dolphin species.
Single nasal opening (or blowhole)The
skull is asymmetrical
The melon is well developed. It plays a
major role in echolocation.
11. SWIMMING AND OTHER WATER
ACTIVITIES
• Whales have a streamlined shape and almost
no hair as adults (it would cause drag while
swimming). Killer whales and Shortfin Pilot
whales are the fastest, swimming up to 30 miles
per hour (48 kph).
• Breaching: Many whales are very acrobatic,
even breaching (jumping) high out of the water
and then slapping the water as they come back
down. Sometimes they twirl around while
breaching. Breaching may be purely for play or
may be used to loosen skin parasites or have
some social meaning.
12. • Spyhopping: This is another cetacean activity in which
the whale pokes its head out of the water and turns
around, perhaps to take a look around.
Lobtailing: Some whales stick their tail out of the water
into the air, swing it around, and then slap it on the water's
surface; this is called lobtailing. It makes a very loud
sound. The meaning or purpose of lobtailing is unknown,
but may be done as a warning to the rest of the pod of
danger.
Logging: Logging is when a whale lies still at the surface
of the water, resting, with its tail hanging down. While
floating motionless, part of the head, the dorsal fin or
parts of the back are exposed at the surface.
13. MIGRATION
• Many ceteaceans, especially baleen
whales, migrate over very long distances
each year. They travel, sometimes in groups
(pods), from cold-water feeding grounds to
warm-water breeding grounds.
• Gray whales make the longest seasonal
migration of any of the whales. They travel
about 12,500 miles each year.
14. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• Cetaceans have very strong social ties.
The strongest social ties are between
mother and calf. A social group of whales
is called a pod. Baleen whales travel alone
or in small pods. The toothed whales
travel in large, sometimes stable pods.
The toothed whales frequently hunt their
prey in groups, migrate together, and
share care of their young.
15. REPRODUCTION
• Cetaceans give birth to live young which are
nourished with milk from their mothers - they
don't lay eggs. Cetaceans breed seasonally,
usually in warm tropical waters, and females
usually have one calf every 1-3 years. The
gestation times range from 9-18 months. Whale
calves can swim at or soon after birth. Mother
whales care for their young for an extended
period of time, usually at least a year, feeding
them milk and protecting them.
16. • Young cetaceans are frequently
mottled in color, camouflaging them
from predators. Newborns have a
sparse covering of hair which they
lose as adults.
17. WHALE SONGS
• Complex whales songs can be heard for
miles under the water. The humpback's
song can last for 30 minutes. Baleen
whales sing low-frequency songs; toothed
whales emit whistles and clicks that they
use for echolocation The songs are
thought to be used in attracting mates, to
keep track of offspring, and for the toothed
whales, to locate prey.
18. CLASSIFICATION OF CETACEANS
• Cetaceans are divided into the following
suborders:
• Odontoceti (toothed whales) killer whales or orcas , beluga whales ,
narwhals , sperm whales , the beaked
whales, dolphins , and porpoises.
• Mysticeti (mustached whales) or baleen
whales - blue whales , humpback whales ,
gray whales , bowhead whales ,
minke whales, and right whales.
20. • The biggest whale is the blue whale,
which grows to be about 94 feet (29 m)
long - the height of a 9-story building.
These enormous animals eat about 4 tons
of tiny krill each day, obtained by filter
feeding through baleen. Adult blue whales
have no predators except man.
The smallest whale is the dwarf sperm
whale which as an adult is only 8.5 feet
(2.6 m)
21. • The blue whale is the largest animal that
has ever existed on Earth. It is larger than
any of the dinosaurs were. They are also
the loudest animal on Earth.
• These enormous mammals eat tiny
organisms, like plankton and krill, which they
sieve through baleen. They live in pods (small
groups). These gray-blue whales have 2
blowholes and a 2-14 inch (5-30 cm) thick
layer of blubber.
Blue whales are rorqual whales, whales that
have pleated throat grooves that allow their
throat to expand during the huge intake of
water during filter feeding. Blue whales have
50-70 throat grooves that run from the throat
to mid-body.
22.
23. Manatee, Dugong dan Pesut
• Manatee dan Dugong yang dikenal sebagai
Sapi Laut, Babi Laut atau Duyung merupakan
species yang terancam punah. Mereka
tergolong ke dalam Ordo Sirenia. Hanya 4
species Sirenian yang tersisa di dunia.
• Tidak seperti Lumba-lumba dan Paus, Manatee
dan Dugong benar-benar mamalia akuatik yang
tidak pernah meninggalkan perairan bahkan
untuk melahirkan bayi mereka sekalipun.
24. • Sebagai satu-satunya mamalia laut herbivore,
Sirenia makan tanaman seperti lamun dan
vegetasi lautan lainnya.
• Manatee dan Dugong memiliki metabolisme
yang amat rendah dan tak mempunyai
kemampuan beradaptasi terhadap air dingin.
• Kombinasi faktor-faktor inilah yang
menyebabkan Sirenia hidup terbatas hanya di
wilayah perairan hangat yang dangkal dan
estuarin yang memiliki ekosistem sehat dengan
vegetasi yang cukup untuk mendukung hidup
mereka.
26. • Three extant manatees, the
West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), the
West African manatee (Trichechus
senegalensis), and the Amazonian manatee,
inhabit the rivers, estuaries, and coastal marine
areas of the Atlantic Ocean basin.
• The only extant dugong (Dugong dugon)
inhabits coastal marine areas of the Indian and
Pacific Ocean basins. The extinct
Steller's seacow (Hydrodamalis gigas) inhabited
the very cold coastal marine areas of the
northern Pacific Ocean.