The document provides information about the Black Sea, including its location between Europe and Asia and bordering countries. It discusses the origin of the name "Black Sea" and provides several hypotheses. It also describes the Constanța Casino, an iconic building in Constanța, Romania built in Art Nouveau style that has been closed since 1990. Shipwrecks like the MV E Evangelia off the coast of Romania are also mentioned.

1. The Black Sea
By
Dragomir Ioana
Poşircă Atena-Ioana

2. •The Black Sea is the stretch of water
in the basin geomorphological called
Pontic
•One of the pools complex tectonic
tethysian himself part of orogenesis
Alpine-Himalayan, which includes
mountains bordering it to the north
(the Crimea), northeast (Caucasus )
and south (Pontic chains).

3. It is located between Europe and Asia, with the
bordering countries Russia, Ukraine,
Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia.
By Cherci Strait is related to the Azov Sea,
through the Bosphorus to the Marmara Sea
and through the Dardanelles to the Aegean
Sea and so to the Mediterranean Sea.

4. The “Black” qualifier appears in the fifteenth century with the
expansion of the Turkish Empire, and there are three explanatory
hypotheses, all three discussed:
•The most popular, but not confirmed by sources, says that the
color of the sea in bad weather (in fact, under the clouds, all the
seas are dark);
•The theory most commonly cited in the Anglo-Saxon sources is
that Black would be a translation of the Scythian axaïna;
•Another hypothesis is that the name would have been given by
Turks Selgiuci, then generalized around the sea, and lastly
translated into Russian, Romanian, Bulgarian as these peoples
have access again to the shores of the Great Sea.

5. The Constanța Casino is a casino in Constanța, Romania, located
at 2 Elisabeta Boulevard along the Black Sea. Considered a symbol
of the city, it was built in Art Nouveau style according to the
plans of Daniel Renard and inaugurated in August 1910. The
building is currently closed.
The casino hosted the Russian Imperial Family in 1914.
During World War II, the casino was used as a hospital. It
became a restaurant after the war. However because it was too
expensive to operate, the building has remained closed since
1990.
It was visited by people from all over, close to the seaport. A
relaxing place, with 2 lecture rooms, 2 ball rooms and new,
unique architecture at that time.

7. It is said that the building would have been built by a navigator who
had a girl. The young woman died at a very young age, when she was
17 years old. Grieving, his father raised the Casino, for people in the
city to share moments that his daughter wasn’t able to.
They say that if you look from the top, the casino looks like a hearse
and the windows would suggest the image of graves. Moreover, if you
look closely at the front door, you'll see the two heads of rams, an
ornament that could be found on old hearses.
Legend says that during the summer, those who lost gambling jumped
in the waves of the Black Sea, which is the explanation for autumn and
winter rough storms in the cliff. The restless souls of those shake the
sea to this day, washing the walls of the casino, once a symbol, today a
ruin of the Constanta city.

9. MV E Evangelia is a shipwrecked 7,355 gross register tons refrigerated cargo
ship at Costinești on the Black Sea coast of Romania. She was built in Northern
Ireland in 1942 as the Empire ship Empire Strength and wrecked in 1968. The
ship had four names in her career, having been renamed Saxon Star in
1946, Redbrook in 1961 and E Evangelia in 1965.
On 15 October 1968 E Evangelia was sailing in ballast
from Rijeka in Yugoslavia to Constanțain Romania when she ran aground in the
Black Sea off Costinești about 16 nautical miles (30 km) south of Constanța. She
was declared a total loss, and there is a suggestion that the shipwreck could have
been an insurance fraud.
The ship remains a wreck at Costinești. Her back is broken, and two large areas of
plates are missing from her starboard side, Costinești is a small seaside resort, for
which the wreck is a local attraction.

11. Vama Veche is a village in Constanţa County, Romania, on
the Black Sea coast, near the border with Bulgaria. It is part of the
commune of Limanu and in 2002, it had a population of 178.
Its current name literally means "Old border checkpoint", named
so after Southern Dobruja. Even in Communist Romania, Vama
Veche had the reputation of a non-
mainstream tourist destination, which has only grown since
the Romanian Revolution of 1989. Accommodations consisted of
tents or rooms rented from peasants or fishermen.
While camping is theoretically not permitted, to this day, many
visitors or semi-permanent residents still stay in tents on the
beach.

13. The Black Sea undersea river is a
current of particularly saline water
flowing through the Bosphorus
Strait and along the seabed of the Black
Sea. The discovery of the river,
announced on 1 August 2010, was
made by scientists at the University of
Leeds, and is the first of its kind in the
world.

14. Organized more than 15 years ago, this museum boasts a collection
of busts of communist leaders and the heads of socialism throughout
the history of the USSR — lined up on stone shelves and racks and
buried underwater.
It's without an official website of its own and without a lot of
documentation, but the underwater museum at Cape Tarkhankut is
considered a must-see attraction in Crimea.
The organizers of the underwater museum are always open to
adding new figures to the collection, which currently has more than
50 different busts. The busts are known as the Alley of Leaders.
Known as a romantic and mysterious place, Cape Tarkhankut is at
the western end of the Crimean peninsula.

15. Dolphins are the only whales
occuring in the Black Sea: they are
small-sized toothed whales.
Dolphin's brain have one very
unique feature: it never sleeps. Left
and right hemispheres of dolphin's
brain sleep in turns, one after
another, because dolphin need to
emerge on surface for breathing. At
night this diving-surfacing
behavior is controlled by the two
brain hemispheres working in
shifts.

16. Still something makes us treat dolphins in somewhat different
way than other human-friendly animals. Joyful, cute, nice,
friendly - all true about dolphins. And, yes - they sometimes
helped people in the sea. Kids (and adult people too!) love playing
with them in oceanariums, at dolphin shows: dolphins themselves
come and play with people. Also, dolphins always smile! Of
course, one might say that it's just structure of their sculls and
facial muscles... Still - they smile, and their smile looks more
genuine and sincere than smiles of many people; this big smile on
a big face with big cheerful eyes - it makes everyone smile too.
Usually, after swimming with dolphins, people keep on smiling
(with no other special reason) half an hour - on the average. A
course of dolphin therapy helped many kids suffering nervous
disorders.