Underground Construction provides construction, technical and management services to its customers. The company specializes in power, communications, airport fueling and heavy engineering. Since laying its first pipe in 1936, Underground Construction has completed thousands of projects throughout the United States.
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Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
building Site report for 1st year students of B.sc Civil Engineering... this will be helpful in case you have just joined Civil Engineering Class and Your Teacher ask you to prepare a report based on Basic Knowledge.
The vacuum dewatering process basically improves strength, durability, and other properties of concrete by reducing the water-cement ratio immediately after the mix is placed, usually in floors and other flatwork. A Bridgeport, Connecticut vacuum dewatering demonstration, although it involved no new ...
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building Site report for 1st year students of B.sc Civil Engineering... this will be helpful in case you have just joined Civil Engineering Class and Your Teacher ask you to prepare a report based on Basic Knowledge.
The vacuum dewatering process basically improves strength, durability, and other properties of concrete by reducing the water-cement ratio immediately after the mix is placed, usually in floors and other flatwork. A Bridgeport, Connecticut vacuum dewatering demonstration, although it involved no new ...
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Tunnel is an artificially constructed underground passage to by- pass obstacles safely without disturbing the over burden. This module explains about tunnels, their parts, types and importance.
Tunnel Engineering: Introduction to tunneling
Size and shape of tunnel and suitability
Tunneling in hard rock, and soft material
Shield method
Safety measures
Ventilation, lighting and drainage of tunneling
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
Self-curing concrete is achieved by means of replacing a part of aggregate by lightweight aggregate or adding chemical admixtures. The self-curing process of concrete takes place from inside to outside, thus reducing the autogenous shrinkage and self-desiccation, especially for the high-performance concrete with relatively low water/binder ratio.
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Trenchless construction. Trenchless construction includes such construction methods as tunneling, microtunneling (MTM), horizontal directional drilling (HDD) also known as directional boring, pipe ramming (PR), pipe jacking (PJ), moling, horizontal auger boring (HAB) and other methods for the installation of pipelines and cables below the ground with minimal excavation.
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A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple span, the ribbon is stressed in traction, which adds to the stiffness of the structure (simple suspension spans tend to sway and bounce).
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The process of self-healing of cracks or self-filling up of cracks by the help of bacterial reaction in the concrete after hardening is known as Self-Healing Concrete. It can be observed that small cracks that occur in a structure of width in the range of 0.05 to 0.1mm gets completely sealed in repetitive dry and wet cycles.
The typical deflection diagrams shown in figures 1 and 2 indicate that all the high strength concrete beams had adequate ductility and Structural Behaviour of High Strength Concrete Beams 135 showed substantial deflections at failure. The ulti- mate deflections shown in Table 3 were measured prior to failure as near to collapse as possible.
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Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast, foam concrete building material suitable for producing concrete masonry unit (CMU) like blocks. Composed of quartz sand , calcined gypsum , lime , cement , water and aluminum powder , AAC products are cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave .
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A submerged floating tunnel, also known as submerged floating tube bridge, suspended tunnel, or Archimedes bridge, is a proposed design for a tunnel that floats in water, supported by its buoyancy. The tube would be placed underwater, deep enough to avoid water traffic and weather, but not so deep that high water pressure needs to be dealt with—usually 20–50 m is sufficient. Cables either anchored to the Earth or to pontoons at the surface would prevent it from floating to the surface or ...
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The bundled tube structure meant that "buildings no longer need be boxlike in appearance: they could become sculpture." Hybrids. Hybrids include a varied category of structures where the basic concept of tube is used, and supplemented by other structural support(s).
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marble slurry dust as cement additive , The research on the use of marble dust in concrete , , disadvantages of marble dust and quarry dust additive in concrete; Chat Now; disadvantage of using quarry dust in concrete
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Computer Ethics: Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the behavior of a group or individual. Therefore, computer ethics is set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers. Some common issues of computer ethics include intellectual property rights (such as copyrighted electronic content), privacy concerns, and how ...
CIVIL SEMINAR REPORT :USE OF GEOGRIDS IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT. Geogrids can also prevent aggregate penetration into the subgrade, depending on the ability of the geogrid to confine and prevent lateral displacement of the base/sub-base. However, the geogrid does not prevent intrusion of subgrade soils up into the base/sub-base course,...
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Waste water purification using cnstructed wetlandsAglaia Connect
Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (PDF) (166 pp, 1.6 MB, About PDF) This document describes using constructed wetlands as a functional part of wastewater management. This document is not intended to be guidance or a support document for a specific regulatory program.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
4. Shelters and Fully-Designed Homes..
Basic protection from enemies and elements..
Partially-modified for added protection and comfort..
Built to drawings and specifications..
5. Mining Operations..
Open Pits transitioning to
Underground mines.. exploiting
lodes to depth and reducing
environmental footprints
10. Fuel Storage..
Other Ground Storage Media..
–Solution-Mined Salt Domes
–Depleted “Reservoir Rocks”(CO2)
–Lined Hard Rock Caverns (Compressed
and Liquified Natural Gas, LNG)
11. Packaged and Bulk Materials..
•Silo/Bunker Storage..
–Coal, Grains, Ore..
•Warehousing
–often in converted mine space
12. Critical Infrastructure..•Secure sites with network
-wide access
–Controlled exit/entry
–Atmospheric control (temp., humidity, dust..)
–Ready access for modification and maintenance
•Space and Cost Saving Opportunities
(“Utilidors”)..
–Heating/Cooling
–Communications
–Data transfer
–Wastewater
–Freshwater
–Transport
–Power
–etcetera..
13. Research Facilities•
Worldwide, many
underground research
laboratories and test sites
(waste repository
characterization, physics,
geo-’bio-sciences,
engineering research,
education/training..)
17. Urban Congestion..● Go underground to avoid..
–Road pavement
–Buried infrastructure
–Basements & foundations
–Surface condemnations
–Right of way interruptions
–Minimize surface disruption
18. Create Green Space..•“The Central Artery/Tunnel
Project will create more
than 300 acres of
landscaped and
restored open space,
including over 45 parks
and major public
plazas”.
22. Methods for underground construction• Cut and cover method in open excavation;
• Cut and cover method between earth retaining walls with
lowering of the ground water levels;
• Cut and cover method between earth retaining walls without
lowering of the ground water levels;
• Wall and roof method;
• Pneumatic caisson method;
• Immersed tunnel method;
• Bored tunnel method;
• Top Down method.
29. 1. Excavation and support of working shafts
2. Excavation and support of undercut and tail tunnel
3. Excavation of the tunnel itself
4. Disposal of soil from tunnel face
5. Hoisting the soil to ground level
6. Lining the tunnel
7. Extending services and rail tracks (if necessary)
8. Excavation and support of the removal shaft
Shielded TBM involve the following activities:
35. Blasting.
● The person in charge of blasting
shall be the last to leave the blast
area, shall see that no one remains
in the blast area, and shall operate
the sectioning switches in the firing
line while proceeding out of the blast
area.
● No persons shall enter the tunnel
blast area until the ventilation system
has cleared the heading of harmful
gases, smoke, and dust.
● After each blast, the underground
supports in the blast area shall be
inspected and secured as necessary
work is resumed. Rock surfaces shall
be inspected, scaled, and if required,
provided with shoring, bracing, rock
bolts, Shotcrete, or chain link fabric,
before mucking is started. Rock bolts
within 100 ft (30.4 m) of a blast shall
be tested after each blast before
drilling for the next round begins.
● The muck pile shall be wet down
36. Some Ground Improvement Options..Freezing.. to stabilize the ground
and/or preserve the water table
Grouting.. to stabilize the ground
and/or render it ~ watertight
37.
38. Some Ground Support Systems..
Rock Bolts and Steel Channel
Steel Arches
Pre-Cast Concrete
Segments
Shotcret
e
Integrated
WaterproofingCast Iron Segments
41. The Technique Of Jacked Box
Tunneling:
simplest form
A purpose designed tunnel
shield is cast on to the
leading end of the box, and
thrust jacks are provided at
the rear end reacting against
the jacking base
Control of Ground
Disturbance
Constructional Tolerances
Particular hazards
Alternative method for such
case
44. Ground Surprises..
● Geo-material properties vary in time/space (e.g. geo-statistics..)
–Strengths
–Loads/Stresses
–Deformations (elastic and plastic)
• Sometimes the engineering process fails to account for the impacts
of geo-variability on..
–Designed structures..
–Surrounding structures/environment
46. Worldwide, Major Projects.. Major Losses● –1999 Hull Yorkshire Tunnel, UK Collapse
● –1999 TAV Bologna -Florence, Italy Collapse
● –1999 Anatolia Motorway, Turkey Earthquake
● –2000 Metro Taegu, Korea Collapse
● –2000 TAV Bologna -Florence, Italy Collapse
● –2002 Taiwan High Speed Railway Collapse
● –2003 Shanghai Metro, PRC Collapse
● –2004 Singapore Metro, Singapore Collapse.
● –2005 Barcelona Metro, Spain Collapse
● –2005 Lausanne Metro, Switzerland Collapse
● –2005 Lane Cove Tunnel, Sydney Collapse
● –2005 Kaohsiung Metro, Taiwan
● ………etcetera..
47. Fractured Rock Subject to Stress & Gravity
Observed at the engineering
scale rock is rarely solid..A
“hard” rock mass may
contain weak clays or even
voids..
Ravelling
Alteration
Spalling/Bursting
50. In Studying the Regional Geology
● Benefit from the experience of
others..–Same/similar rock–
Same/similar needs–Much of
the early work can be done
from behind the desk
Putting the Site in Context..
51. In Scoping the Site Investigation (SI)
● Mixed-scale data sets..
● experience needed
● Field Investigation..
–Exposures
–Geophysics
–Boreholes
–Testing
•Field
•Lab
53. Design & Specify for Geo-Diversity
● Plan for Variation..
–Geologic Uncertainties
–Design & Construction Changes
Many
Designs..O
ne Tunnel
54. •What goes Underground?
–Pretty much any thing that could be placed on surface
•Why go Underground?
–Many advantages.. Cost and risk are the main draw-
backs
•How is Underground Space Created?
–Technology exists to build in pretty much any geo-
material
•Where Problems are Encountered Underground?
–Same old problems..no foolproof solutions
•When do risks get mitigated?
–Opportunities for risk management are there.. they
need to be seized
•Who can best mitigate the risks?
–Practitioners and researchers collaborating together at
sites
55. Reference
● American society of civil engineers - technical committee on contracting
practices of the underground technology research council. 1991.
● The equipment magazine for the underground construction industry
● Forensic engineering for underground construction-e. T. Brown
● Journal of geotechnical engineering, asce, 115(11): 1513-1531.
● Seismic analysis of underground structures-kazuhiko kawashima
● Underground structures engineering services for owners and contractors
● Geoengineering considerations in the optimum use of underground space -
raymond l. Sterling
● Godard, j.P., 1999. “Sub-surface development in the urban environment,”
proc. 10th australian tunnelling conference, “the race for space”,
melbourne.
● Ita, 1987. “Examples of benefits of underground urban public
transportation systems,” report of the working group on costs-benefits of
underground urban public transportation, tunnelling and underground
space technology, vol. 2, no. 1, pergamon press, oxford, u.K.
● Support in underground hard rock mines-evert hoek
● Drilling and blasting for underground space - R pesch1 and a robertson2