It is the presentation based on pre- stressed concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
It is the presentation based on pre- stressed concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
Precast and Prefabricated components and structures and the connection betwee...nishant patyal
Building construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely functional need for a controlled environment to moderate the effects of climate. Constructed shelters were one means by which human beings were able to adapt themselves to a wide variety of climates and become a global species
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
Precast and Prefabricated components and structures and the connection betwee...nishant patyal
Building construction is an ancient human activity. It began with the purely functional need for a controlled environment to moderate the effects of climate. Constructed shelters were one means by which human beings were able to adapt themselves to a wide variety of climates and become a global species
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
Post-Tension Concrete - Info session for ContractorsAMSYSCO Inc.
This presentation is to help General and Concrete Contractors manage construction projects that use Post-Tensioned Concrete.
1. Intro to Post-Tension
2. Components of Post-Tension
3. Construction Team
4. Submittals
5. Pre-Installation
6. Installation Management
7. Post-Concrete Placement
8. Troubleshooting
Prestressed concrete ,post tensioning ,pre tensioning, where normal concrete can not be used and need of more strength is required this type of concrete are used. Metal bars are replaced by the tendoms which are generally used to create tension in concrete. So because of that beam bends in upward direction and when load is applied it come in normal conditon.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
Get the perfect modular kitchen in Gurgaon at Finzo! We offer high-quality, custom-designed kitchens at the best prices. Wardrobes and home & office furniture are also available. Free consultation! Best Quality Luxury Modular kitchen in Gurgaon available at best price. All types of Modular Kitchens are available U Shaped Modular kitchens, L Shaped Modular Kitchen, G Shaped Modular Kitchens, Inline Modular Kitchens and Italian Modular Kitchen.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
2. The concept of prestressed concrete
appeared in 1888 when P.H. Jackson was
granted the first patent in the United States
for prestressed concrete design. Jackson’s
idea was perfect, but the technology of high
strength steel that exhibited low relaxation
characteristics was not yet available.
It was not until Eugene Freyssinet defined
the need for these materials that
prestressed concrete could be used as a
structural building material. Unfortunately,
although Freyssinet, a brilliant structural
designer and bridge builder, lacked the
teaching qualities necessary to communicate
his ideas to other engineers.
It would take Gustave Magnel to write the
first book of design in prestressed concrete,
3. “Pre-stressed concrete is a form of reinforced concrete
that builds in compressive stresses during construction
to oppose those found when in use.”
It is a combination of steel and concrete that takes
advantages of the strengths of each material.
PRINCIPLE – Using high tensile strength steel alloys
producing permanent pre-compression in areas
subjected to Tension.
A portion of tensile stress is counteracted thereby
reducing the cross-sectional area of the steel
reinforcement .
METHODS :-
a) Pre-tensioning
b) Post-tensioning
PRETENSIONING :- Placing of concrete around
reinforcing tendons that have been stressed to the
desired degree.
POST-TENSIONING :- Reinforcing tendons are stretched
by jacks whilst keeping them inserted in voids left pre-
hand during curing of concrete.
These spaces are then pumped full of grout to bond steel
tightly to the concrete.
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
4. FORMS
Wires
Prestressing wire is a single unit made of steel.
Strands
Two, three or seven wires are wound to form a
prestressing strand.
Tendon
A group of strands or wires are wound to form a
prestressing tendon.
Cable
A group of tendons form a prestressing cable.
Bars
A tendon can be made up of a single steel bar.
The diameter of a bar is much larger than that of
a wire.
WHY PRESTRESSED CONCRETE?
• Concrete remains un-cracked
• Reduction of steel corrosion
• Increases durability
• Good for pressure vessels
• High span to depth ratio (ex:
45:1 vs. 28:1)
• less dead load
• More economical
5. 3 MAIN TYPES OF INTERNAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
1. Pre-Tension Concrete: pre-stressing steel is
tension stressed prior to the placement of
the concrete and unloaded after concrete
has harden to required strength.
2. Bonded post-tensioned concrete:
unstressed pre-stressing steel is placed
within the concrete and then tension
stressed after concrete has harden to
required strength
3. Un-bonded post-tensioned concrete: differs
from bonded post-tensioning by providing
the pre-stressing steel permanent freedom
of movement relative to the concrete.
6. PRESTRESSED PRE-TENSIONED CONCRETE
Prestressed Pre-tensioned concrete is when the
steel reinforcement is stressed prior to concrete
being placed around the steel.
Pre-tensioned concrete is cast around already
tensioned tendons.
This method produces a good bond between the
tendon and concrete, which both protects the
tendon from corrosion and allows for direct transfer
of tension.
The cured concrete adheres and bonds to the bars
and when the tension is released it is transferred to
the concrete as compression by static friction.
However, it requires stout anchoring points
between which the tendon is to be stretched and
the tendons are usually in a straight line.
Thus, most pretensioned concrete elements are
prefabricated in a factory and must be transported
to the construction site, which limits their size.
Pre-tensioned elements may be balcony elements,
lintels , floor slabs, beams or foundation piles.
Section for Pre-tensioning
7. CONCERNS WITH PRE-TENSION
• Usually uses a mould which is able to resist the
forces within the tendons. Which are more
expensive than regular moulds
• Concrete sample should be taken for every new
mix so that strength obtained may be determined
before cutting the tendons releasing the stresses
onto the concrete.
• Since pre-tension may only be set once calculations
for the camber must be correct. So, pre-stress
takes a large amount of preplanning. Must
consider self-weight deflections, pre-stress
deflections, dead load deflections, and live load
deflections.
• Since it may only tightened once and cannot be
retightened the designer must also account for
Creep of concrete, elastic shortening of concrete,
shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of steel, slip at
the anchorage, and friction losses due to intended
and unintended (wobble) curvature in the tendons
in calculations for the camber of the member in
order to have lasting quality of the structure.
8. ADVANTAGES OF PRETENSION
• Tension caused by the steel is spread
throughout the length of the concrete since it is
bonded within the concrete along the length of
the member.
9. POST - TENSIONING
• It is a method of reinforcing (strengthening) concrete or other materials with high-strength steel strands called
tendons.
• Post-tensioning allows construction that would otherwise be impossible due to either site constraints or
architectural requirements.
• Requires specialized knowledge and expertise to fabricate, assemble and install.
• After adequate curing of concrete, reinforcing tendons(placed in side the voids of the structure) are
tensioned/stretched by jacks on the sides & grouts filled with appropriate mix.
APPLICATIONS –
Structural members beams, bridge-deck panels, Roof –Slabs, Concrete Silos Etc.
• Concrete is very strong in compression but weak in tension.
• This deflection will cause the bottom of the beam to elongate slightly & cause cracking.
• Steel reinforcing bars (“rebar”) are typically embedded in the concrete as tensile reinforcement to limit the
crack widths.
• Rebar is what is called “passive” reinforcement however; it does not carry any force until the concrete has
already deflected enough to crack.
• Post-tensioning tendons, on the other hand, are considered “active” reinforcing.
• Because it is prestressed, the steel is effective as reinforcement even though the concrete may not be
cracked .
• Post-tensioned structures can be designed to have minimal deflection and cracking, even under full load.
BENEFITS-
11. BONDED POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE
Process
• Concrete is casted around a curved
duct (usually corrugated), to allow room
for the Tendon to be inserted.
• After the concrete has hardened the
tendons are pulled in tension and then
wedged.
• The duct is then injected with grout
Advantages
• Tendons are less likely to de-stress in accidents
• Tendons can be easily 'weaved' allowing more efficient designs
• Higher ultimate strength due to bond generated between the strand and
concrete
• No issues with maintaining the anchor
13. • In post-tensioning, the steel in
the concrete is stretched after the
curing process.
• Unlike bonded, un-bonded
provides tendons freedom of
movement by coating each
tendon with grease and covering
it with a plastic sheathing
• Tension on the concrete is
achieved by the cables acting
against the steel anchors that are
buried in the perimeters of the
concrete
UN-BONDED POST-TENSION
ADVANTAGES
• Post-stress grouting is
eliminated
• Ability to de-stress the
tendons
• Economical
• Replaceable
• Simple stressing equipment
14. ADVANTAGES
Post-tensioning, which is a form of prestressing, has
several advantages over standard reinforcing steel
(rebars):
•It reduces or eliminates shrinkage cracking-
therefore no joints, or fewer joints, are needed.
•It allows slabs and other structural members to be
thinner.
•It allows us to build slabs on expansive or soft soils.
•It lets us design longer spans in elevated members,
like floors or beams.
•MATERIAL SAVINGS- Thinner concrete member sizes;
reduction in concrete is approximately 20%.
• QUICKER CONSTRUCTION
•INCREASED PERFORMANCE- Improved seismic behavior
&
Reduced deflection and vibration.
• REDUCED LIFETIME COSTS- Reduced building height
also results in energy savings, especially for office
buildings.
15. POST-TENSIONING
• Can be performed at the project site as well as at precast yards.
There is relatively less loss of prestress due to concrete shrinkage as at the time of prestressing
concerete has already been cured.
• Corrosion of steel is less as compared to pre-tensioning.
• There is more flexibility in design. The prestressing tendons can be configured to almost any shape. As
per requirements the tendons may be bonded or unbonded.
• They are more prone to anchorage failure as the compressive forces are transferred at the beam ends.
Hence compressive stresses are concentrated.
PRE-TENSIONING
• Difficult to perform at site. Only done in precast yards.
• There is greater loss of prestress due to shrinkage of concrete.
• Concrete and steel tendons are in direct contact. So any moisture that slips through cracks in concrete
will cause corrosion in steel.
• Tendons can only be straight or circular.
• Since the compressive forces are transferred over a certain length of bond, they are less prone to
anchorage failure.
So to generalize post-tensioning is usually better than pre-tensioning. However this may not always be
the case. Either method has its applications.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POST-TENSIONING AND PRE- TENSIONING
16. IHP(Indian Hume Pipes) introduced the
• PRESTRESSED CONCRETE MONOBLOCK SLEEPERS for railways in
1970.
• PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE ( PSC )
• PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CYLINDER PIPE ( PCCP)
The Freyssinet Prestressed Concrete Company Ltd (FPCC) established
in 1954 is the first company to introduce state-of-the-art Prestressing
Technology in India,
MANUFACTURER OF PRE -STRESS CONCRETE IN INDIA