This document provides an overview of a course on fundamentals of tunnel engineering, planning, design, and technology taught by Prof. Dr. Hassan Fahmy for B.Sc Mining Engineering students. The course covers definitions of tunnels, the planning stage including site exploration and investigations, the design stage including stress analysis and support design, and excavation methods. Figures are included showing examples of tunnel construction challenges and support methods.
This is a ppt on tunneling safety for 2-4. There are lots of tunnels and the OSHA rules are 45 years old. These are the issues I would consider. I need to fine tune this later. John Newquist johnanewquist@gmail.com
A Review Study on Methods of Tunneling in Hard Rocksijsrd.com
This article presents a review on the different methodologies that are used for tunnels excavations in hard rocks in present era. Growing needs for modern transportation and utility networks have increased the demand for a more extensive and elaborate use of underground space or through high mountains / hills. As a result, more projects have to be completed in various ground conditions and one of which is more challenging is to carry out excavation work in hard rocks. Significant technological advances have rendered these projects possible, but have also given rise to new challenges as many of these projects have to be completed in difficult conditions, with very strict environmental constraints, particularly in urban areas where the potential impact of tunneling on existing structures is a major concern. This paper addresses the main aspects of tunneling and underground works performed in hard rocks. A summary is presented of the more recent advances and widely adopted techniques in these regards.
This is a ppt on tunneling safety for 2-4. There are lots of tunnels and the OSHA rules are 45 years old. These are the issues I would consider. I need to fine tune this later. John Newquist johnanewquist@gmail.com
A Review Study on Methods of Tunneling in Hard Rocksijsrd.com
This article presents a review on the different methodologies that are used for tunnels excavations in hard rocks in present era. Growing needs for modern transportation and utility networks have increased the demand for a more extensive and elaborate use of underground space or through high mountains / hills. As a result, more projects have to be completed in various ground conditions and one of which is more challenging is to carry out excavation work in hard rocks. Significant technological advances have rendered these projects possible, but have also given rise to new challenges as many of these projects have to be completed in difficult conditions, with very strict environmental constraints, particularly in urban areas where the potential impact of tunneling on existing structures is a major concern. This paper addresses the main aspects of tunneling and underground works performed in hard rocks. A summary is presented of the more recent advances and widely adopted techniques in these regards.
Tunnel is an artificially constructed underground passage to by- pass obstacles safely without disturbing the over burden. This module explains about tunnels, their parts, types and importance.
This presentation was given as part of a site visit to the Kwun Tong line extension in Hong Kong on the morning of Saturday 25th October 2014. The visit was organised between the APM HK branch and the Nishimatsu Construction Company ltd.
This was an opportunity to see the progress of the Kwun Tong Line Extension (KTE).
The current railway network has not covered some of the more densely populated areas such as Ho Man Tin, Hung Hom and Whampoa. Additionally, the frequent traffic jams from the Cross Harbour Tunnel during peak hours cause great inconvenience to commuters.
The Mass Transit Railway (MTR) Corporation has long been planning to launch the Kwun Tong Line Extension project (KTE) to alleviate the serious traffic congestion. MTR was authorised to proceed with the project in 2010 and the construction of the new rail line commenced in 2011.
The alignment of KTE will be extended from the existing Yau Ma Tei Station to Whampoa via Ho Man Tin with 2 new stations to be built.
The contract of construction of the new Ho Man Tin Station and a tunnel from Yau Ma Tei to Whampoa was awarded to Nishimatsu Construction Company Limited. Meanwhile the Chun Wo – Hip Hing joint venture is in charge of the construction contract for Whampoa Station and overrun tunnel. The project is currently underway at a cost of around HK$5.3 billion (in December 2009 prices).
This site visit will take you to see the Ho Man Tin Station construction work, followed by the Yau Ma Tei to Whampoa Tunnel, HMT Station cavern and a general view of the tunnelling and station (which has been formed within the cavern area) works.
Practices in Planning, Design and Construction of Head Race Tunnel of a Hydro...Mohit Shukla
This paper has been selected for oral presentation as well as inclusion in the conference proceedings of the ICCCGE 2016 : 18th International Conference on Civil,Construction and Geological Engineering held in Toronto, Canada during June,
13-14, 2016. This paper was also able to find a position in the international conference of Dams and Hydropower held at Laos in May 2016.
Necessity/advantage of a tunnel, Classification of Tunnels,
Size and shape of a tunnel, Alignment of a Tunnel, Portals and Shafts,
Methods of Tunneling in Hard Rock and Soft ground, Mucking, Lighting
and Ventilation in tunnel, Dust control, Drainage of tunnels, Safety in
tunnel construction.
Challenges of Tunneling-- A Peep Into The Exciting World of TunnellingIEI GSC
By Shri Manoj Verman, President, Indian National Group of ISRM
President, International Commission on Hard Rock Excavation
Vice President, Indian Society of Engineering Geology
at 31st National Convention of Civil Engineering
organised by
Gujarat State Center, The Institution of Engineers (India)
at Ahmedabad
Tunnel is an artificially constructed underground passage to by- pass obstacles safely without disturbing the over burden. This module explains about tunnels, their parts, types and importance.
This presentation was given as part of a site visit to the Kwun Tong line extension in Hong Kong on the morning of Saturday 25th October 2014. The visit was organised between the APM HK branch and the Nishimatsu Construction Company ltd.
This was an opportunity to see the progress of the Kwun Tong Line Extension (KTE).
The current railway network has not covered some of the more densely populated areas such as Ho Man Tin, Hung Hom and Whampoa. Additionally, the frequent traffic jams from the Cross Harbour Tunnel during peak hours cause great inconvenience to commuters.
The Mass Transit Railway (MTR) Corporation has long been planning to launch the Kwun Tong Line Extension project (KTE) to alleviate the serious traffic congestion. MTR was authorised to proceed with the project in 2010 and the construction of the new rail line commenced in 2011.
The alignment of KTE will be extended from the existing Yau Ma Tei Station to Whampoa via Ho Man Tin with 2 new stations to be built.
The contract of construction of the new Ho Man Tin Station and a tunnel from Yau Ma Tei to Whampoa was awarded to Nishimatsu Construction Company Limited. Meanwhile the Chun Wo – Hip Hing joint venture is in charge of the construction contract for Whampoa Station and overrun tunnel. The project is currently underway at a cost of around HK$5.3 billion (in December 2009 prices).
This site visit will take you to see the Ho Man Tin Station construction work, followed by the Yau Ma Tei to Whampoa Tunnel, HMT Station cavern and a general view of the tunnelling and station (which has been formed within the cavern area) works.
Practices in Planning, Design and Construction of Head Race Tunnel of a Hydro...Mohit Shukla
This paper has been selected for oral presentation as well as inclusion in the conference proceedings of the ICCCGE 2016 : 18th International Conference on Civil,Construction and Geological Engineering held in Toronto, Canada during June,
13-14, 2016. This paper was also able to find a position in the international conference of Dams and Hydropower held at Laos in May 2016.
Necessity/advantage of a tunnel, Classification of Tunnels,
Size and shape of a tunnel, Alignment of a Tunnel, Portals and Shafts,
Methods of Tunneling in Hard Rock and Soft ground, Mucking, Lighting
and Ventilation in tunnel, Dust control, Drainage of tunnels, Safety in
tunnel construction.
Challenges of Tunneling-- A Peep Into The Exciting World of TunnellingIEI GSC
By Shri Manoj Verman, President, Indian National Group of ISRM
President, International Commission on Hard Rock Excavation
Vice President, Indian Society of Engineering Geology
at 31st National Convention of Civil Engineering
organised by
Gujarat State Center, The Institution of Engineers (India)
at Ahmedabad
openings design in underground mines, different approaches, kirscha formulae for circular opening, plastic xzone effect on stability of opening, radial and tangential stresses distribution
Following are some suggestions for future research. As GFRSCC technology is now being adopted in many ountries throughout the world, in the absence of suitable standardized test methods it is necessary to examine the existing test methods and identify or, when necessary, develop test methods suitable for acceptance as international Standards. Such test methods have to be capable of a rapid and reliable assessment of key
properties of fresh SCC on a construction site. At the same time, the testing equipment should be reliable, easily portable and inexpensive. The test procedure should be carried
out by a single operator and the test results have to be interpreted with a minimum of
training. Also, the results have to define and specify different GFRSCC mixes. One
primary application of these test methods would be in verification of compliance on sites
and in concrete production plants, if self- compacting concrete could be manufactured in
large quantities..
Connecting opposite shores of a lake, sea or river, has always been one of
the major tasks to be faced by Civil Engineering, it being a fundamental need
for the development of the areas surrounding a waterway. Nowadays, this
issue is still topical and of great importance, as it is proved by the numerous
large infrastructures which have been built or planned to be built in the last
years all over the world, such as, for instance the Channel Tunnel, linking the
shores of France with the ones of the United Kingdom, the Immersed Tunnel
under construction in the Bosporus Strait (Turkey) or the Suspension Bridge
designed to connect Calabria and Sicily in the Messina Strait (Italy).
Numerous other important and noticeable cases could be mentioned, however
the aforementioned ones probably represent the most advanced examples of
the structural solutions which are traditionally most widely used to link areas
divided by the presence of waterways: Cable Supported Bridges (i.e.
Suspension or Cable stayed Bridges), Underground Tunnels and Immersed
Tunnels.
An underwater tunnel is a passage, gallery, or roadway beneath a body of water. Underwater tunnels are used for highway traffic, railroads, and subways; to transport water, sewage, oil, and gas; to divert rivers around dam sites while the dam is being built; and for military and civil defence purposes.
Modern underwater tunnelling begins by constructing an immersed tube within a pre-dug trench on the river or sea floor. To do this, pre-fabricated sections of steel tube are floated into position and strategically sunk into the trench.
The complexity of the design issues related to these classic technological solutions, increases as the distance to be covered grows up, so that the
crossing of long span waterways can be, in many cases, very difficult and
sometimes impossible. Moreover, the traditional systems feature some
disadvantages which in some cases are of great importance, leading to the
necessity to find alternative technical solutions.
Study of Dynamic Analysis for Immersed Tube Tunnelijceronline
The main aim of the project is to connect the two coats of the Dharamtar creek i.e. Rewas in Alibaug and Karanja in Uran by an immersed tunnel. The construction of proposed immersed tunnel will reduce the travel time from Mumbai to Alibaug from 3 hours to 1 hour. But this reduction in time includes the consideration of the sea-link from Sewri to Nhava Seva (Uran).Which was proposed by government and is already under construction. Thus construction of this immersed tunnel will ease the transportation of the city. In this study, a preliminary analysis of IZMIR immersed tube is carried out for validating purpose. The static analysis of the tunnel was made in finite element program. The vertical displacement of the tube unit under static loads was calculated. Afterwards, the seismic analysis was made to investigate stresses developed due to both racking and axial deformation of the tunnel during an earthquake. It was found that, maximum stress due to axial deformation is longer than compressive strength of the concrete. The high stresses in the tube occur, because of the tube stiffness.
Review of the case study of the Yangcheng Coal Mine in ChinaOnur Tuncay
Main resource: Research Article
Failure Mechanism Analysis and Support Design for
Deep Composite Soft Rock Roadway: A Case Study of the
Yangcheng Coal Mine in China
Bangyou Jiang, Lianguo Wang, Yinlong Lu, Shitan Gu, and Xiaokang Sun
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
1. Course in fundamentals of tunneling,
engineering planning ,design and technology.
Prof.Dr. Hassan Fahmy
B.Sc, Mining Engineering students.
2. Course in fundamentals of tunneling,
engineering planning ,design and technology.
Prof.Dr. Hassan Fahmy
B.Sc, Mining Engineering students.
I. Definitions
•Geologic definition of tunnel.
•Engineering definition of tunnel.
•Engineering tunnel components.
•Tunnel engineering.
•Planning stage. Goals and limitation.
•Design stage.
•Excavation stage.
•Economy.
•Tunnel as subsurface construction.
•Influence of rock media.
•Geologic setting.
•Subsurface geologic mapping.
•Geologic structure.
•Underground water.
3. II. Planning stage
a) General:
•Goals (mining ,traffic , military , water cond. ,power generation etc…….
•Sites exploration and selection.
•Site investigation.
•Lab and field tests.
•Subsurface map.
•Planning of tunnel axis route depth , slopes, alignment …. Etc .
•Planning of tunnel cross section shape and size .
b) Cross section arrangement. ( size )
•Traffic tunnels.
•Mining tunnels.
•Water-waste tunnels.
•Military tunnels.
•Water tunnels.
•Ventilation tunnels.
c) Planning of tunnel axis and depth
•Goals of tunnel
•Traffic and transportation means , topography ,subsurface geology ,method of material handling in mining, type
of mineralization etc….
•Subsurface geologic status of site
•Rock structures and their impacts
•Under ground water conditions
•Subsurface infrastructures
4. General design methodology:
Planning and design of
tunnel underground
opening
Plannin
g
Cross-sectionLongitudinal profileAxis
Auxiliary operation Design
Supports
and
treatment
Load calculation
And
Stability analysis
Excavation
Site
investigation
24. III. Design stage
a) Generals
• Stress at appoint, stress vector, vector field.
• Stress field.
• Rock properties (lab tests, instue tests).
• Rock behavior.
• IN tack rock.
• Rock mass.
• Rock media characteristics.
Geologic setting.
Influencing parameters.
b) Design loads
• Sources
Sources of earth stress field (primitive)
Gravitation of force.
Centrifugal force due to earth rotation.
Evasion and denudation.
Tide.
Seismic and seismic-like activities.
Others.
• Induced (secondary) stress field
Tunneling activities.
U.g structural activities such as mining, power generation, atomic activation.
Human activities.
• Primitive stress analysis.
Assumptions ,complexity of the problem ,diversity of calculation concepts.
73. Figure 1 : The Vajont dam during impounding of the reservoir. In the middle distance, in the
centre of the picture, is Mount Toc with the unstable slope visible as a white scar on the
mountain side above the waterline.
74. Figure 2 : During the filling of the Vajont reservoir the toe of the slope on Mount Toc was
submerged and this precipitated a slide. The mound of debris from the slide is visible in the
central part of the photograph. The very rapid descent of the slide material displaced the water in
the reservoir causing a 100 m high wave to overtop the dam wall. The dam itself, visible in the
foreground, was largely undamaged.
75. Figure 3 : The town of Longarone, located downstream of the Vajont dam, before the
Mount Toc failure in October 1963.
76. Figure 4 : The remains of the town of Longarone after the flood caused by the
overtopping of the Vajont dam as a result of the Mount Toc failure. More than 2000
persons were killed in this flood.
77. Figure 5 : The results of a rockburst in an underground mine in
brittle rock subjected to very
high stresses.
78. Figure 6 : A wedge failure controlled by
intersecting structural features
in the rock mass forming the bench of an open
pit mine.
79. Figure 7 : Disking of a 150 mm core of granite
as a result of high in situ stresses.
80. Figure 8 : Installation of steel lining in a pressure tunnel in a hydroelectric project.
81. Figure 9 : An example of poor blasting in a tunnel.
82. Figure 10 : An example of good blasting in a tunnel.
84. Figure 12 : Ravelling of small wedges in a closely jointed rock mass.
Shotcrete can provide effective support in such rock masses.
85. Figure 13 : The 12 m span 8 m high top heading for the tailrace tunnel
was constructed by full-face drill-and-blast and, because of the excellent
quality of the massive gneiss, was largely unsupported.
86. Figure 14: A wedge failure in the roof of the top heading
of the Rio Grande tailrace tunnel.
87. Figure 15 : A 6 m wide heading driven ahead of the tunnel face to permit
pre-reinforcement of potentially unstable wedges in the roof. The seven-
boom jumbo is seen working in the heading.
88. Figure 16 : Drilling vertical diamond core holes into the Sau Mau Ping slope.
These holes were used for geotechnical investigation purposes and also for
the installation of piezometers in the rock mass.
89. Figure 17: A rock slope on a mountain highway.
Rockfalls are a major hazard on such highways.
90. Figure 18 : An example of good blasting in a tunnel. Geobrugg ring net shown restraining
a boulder. These nets can be designed with energy absorbing capacities of up to 2500
kNm which is equivalent to a 6 tonne boulder moving at 20 m per second.
91. Figure 19 : Comparison between the results achieved using controlled blasting (on the left)
and normal bulk blasting for a surface excavation in gneiss.
92. Figure 20 : Partially completed 20 m
span, 42.5 m high underground
powerhouse cavern of the Nathpa
Jhakri Hydroelectric Project in
Himachel Pradesh, India. The cavern is
approximately 300 m below the
surface.
93. Figure 21 : Isometric view of the 3DEC4 model of the
underground powerhouse cavern and transformer gallery of the
Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project, analysed by Dr. B. Dasgupta5.
94. Figure 22 : Large displacements
in the top heading of the headrace
tunnel of the Nathpa Jhakri
Hydroelectric project. These
displacements are the result of
deteriorating rock mass quality
when tunnelling through a fault
zone
95. Figure 23 : Side drift in the
Athens Metro Olympion
station excavation that was
excavated by the method
illustrated in Figure 11.25. The
station has a cover depth of
approximately 10 m over the
crown
96. Figure 24 : Assembly of a friction joint in a top hat section steel set.
97. Figure 25 : Installation of sliding joint
top hat section steel sets
immediately
behind the face of a tunnel being
advanced through very poor quality
rock.
98. Figure 26 : Installation of 12 m long 75 mm diameter pipe forepoles in an 11 m span
tunnel top heading in a fault zone.
99. Figure 27 : Cables and shotcrete were used to support the roof of the
power cavern in the Mingtan Pumped Storage Project in Taiwan.
100. Figure 28 : Installation of cables in the sidewall of the power cavern in the
Mingtan Pumped Storage Project in Taiwan.
101. Figure 29 : Drilling machine for the installation of 40 m long reinforcing
cables in 50 mm diameter holes in a dam excavation.
102. Figure 30 : An example of good blasting in a tunnel.
A truck mounted shotcrete robot being used in a large civil engineering tunnel.
Note that the distance between the nozzle and the rock surface is approximately one metre.