This document provides an overview of educational reform efforts over time from the 1980s to present day. It summarizes the key areas of focus for each era, including learning goals, assessment protocols, accountability measures, teacher preparation, curriculum standards, testing tools, and views of student abilities. The evolution has moved from locally determined standards to common standards and assessments across many states. It also outlines the common core state standards initiative and new smarter balanced assessments that will be implemented in coming years.