The document discusses how public schools have historically reflected the needs of the societies that created them, focusing on a common language, basic literacy, conformity, and workforce preparation. However, economic and technological changes including the information explosion, increased globalization, and digital innovations have disrupted this model. Standards and testing were implemented to ensure universal proficiency but robots, AI, and algorithms are now disrupting routine jobs. Schools must prepare students with skills like critical thinking, problem solving, meaningful communication, and digital literacy to thrive in this new, rapidly changing environment defined by shorter disruptions between technological innovations. Assessments must support student growth and coherence across the educational system.