This document contains information about a biology lab on human body fluids:
1. The document provides instructions for an upcoming lab on identifying and categorizing different types of human body fluids. Students are told to come prepared and have read the assigned chapter.
2. The lab will involve students working in groups to label a diagram of a body with different fluids, using correct biological terminology. Example fluids that could earn extra points include tears, plasma, and mucous.
3. Students are provided with information on typical fluid percentages in the human body. For example, an 80kg male would have approximately 48kg of total body fluid, 32kg as intracellular fluid, and 3.2kg as blood volume.
A quick recap and summary of previous knowledge with important points. This is designed and carefully laid out with key stage 3 and 4 in mind. See our quiz session on our web site www.sciencetutors.zoomshare.com
5th grade, Chapter 2 Cells to Systems Review JeopardySarah Gillette
Jeopardy game, with questions taken straight from the book and the test. Hyperlinks on the game board take you to each individual question, and the arrow on each answer page takes you back to the game board after each question.
A quick recap and summary of previous knowledge with important points. This is designed and carefully laid out with key stage 3 and 4 in mind. See our quiz session on our web site www.sciencetutors.zoomshare.com
5th grade, Chapter 2 Cells to Systems Review JeopardySarah Gillette
Jeopardy game, with questions taken straight from the book and the test. Hyperlinks on the game board take you to each individual question, and the arrow on each answer page takes you back to the game board after each question.
Market Research: Hempz brand group project paper Lauren Sittig
HEMPZ: This is a mock Market Research (Theory and Statistics) group project (Research Paper & presentation) for my Market Research course. This paper relates to the Market Research presentation about Hempz brand, which is also listed here.
The brand this project focuses on is Hempz skin care products. This paper part of the project is mainly research based and focuses on back grounding information on the advertising and market trends of real Hempz brand. As well, the paper outlines our strategic goal of research to better understand consumers and their perception of the brand and products.
The project lead to our group conducting three (3) focus groups to better understand public perception of Hemp in cosmetic/body care products. (see Hempz presentation Power Point for the second half of this project).
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zoology first year improtant questions - Kerala Syllabus Higher Secondary . Watch the video for answers and discussions https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8qkmi2Zm8Y0LOMn8KXG6l8yHXwV1RilA
prokaryotes vs eukaryotes, animal vs plant, cell organelles and their function (with detailed diagrams), protein synthesis and export. Great for honors middle school 7th grade, or 9th grade biology, life science
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. *
1. All coats and bags are stored out of the way.
2. No food / drink in the Lab- no exceptions.
3. During experimental processes all stools are stored
safely.
4. Everyone participates.
4. *
*Unit overview and how to achieve
*Identify the fluids found within human bodies
*Demonstrate body fluids diagrammatically
*Categorise different types of fluid
5. *Be here, on time, equipped!
*If you don’t understand something please ask
*Read the chapter in Stretch and Whitehouse book BEFORE the
lesson –ISBN 9781846907470
* Lesson resources will be on Canvass the day before your
lesson with me
7. *
*ROUND 1: Row 1 - Identify the body fluids you already know
*ROUND 2: Move right by three places and row 2 now identify the
fluids you are aware of.
*ROUND 3: Collaborate and Distinguish where they are found
8. *
*You will be split into 4 even groups, you will need to find some
space
*Draw a rough outline of a member of your group on the paper
provided (be very careful of clothes!)
*Combine your dating results and label as many fluids as you can
on the body
*Use correct biological terminology
*S&C – label the parts of the body as you go along in a different
colour
9. *
*Give your team a point for each fluid you
labelled.
*Give your team an extra point if you labelled
the following……
10. * Aqueous humour - the limpid fluid within the eyeball between the cornea and the lens
* Cytoplasm – the jelly like substance in the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear
envelope
* Tears - made from water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, immunoglobulins,
glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium
* Plasma- Straw coloured watery fluid with 91% water, 7% plasma proteins, 25 different
dissolved salts, waste products, glucose, amino acids, hormones, antibodies and enzymes
* ECF (extracellular fluid) - liquid containing proteins and electrolytes including the liquid in
blood plasma and interstitial fluid
* ICF (intracellular fluid)- liquid contained inside the cell membranes
* Succus- digestive juices in the stomach for breaking down molecules
* Urine- liquid waste produced by the kidneys
* Mucous - aids in the protection of the lungs by trapping foreign particles that enter it, in
particular, through the nose, during normal breathing
Bonus point – what is the scientific name for the process of crying?
Answer - lacrimation
13. Use the space provided to interpret what
the graph shows.
14. If a Male weighed 80kg
How many kg would the
following categories be?
*Total body fluid
*Intracellular fluid
*Extracellular fluid
*Blood volume (plasma).
*
15. *
Q1: Find total body fluid
60% of 80kg TBW
50% = 40kg 10% = 8kg 60%= 48kg TBF (Total Body Fluid)
Q2: Find ICF value
ICF = 2/3 of TBF 1/3= 48÷3= 16kg 2/3= 16kgx2 ICF=32kg
Q3: Find ECF value
ECF= 1/3 of TBF
ECF= 16kg
Q4: Find Blood Volume
blood volume = 20% of ECF
ECF= 16kg 10% of 16kg=1.6kg 20%=3.2kg
Blood Volume= 3.2kg
17. *
*Locate a copy of BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care Book 2.
*Read pages 148 – 155
*We are developing our knowledge on the intracellular fluids
found within the body.
*You will need to know about the differences between an
animal cell and a plant cell.
Editor's Notes
Need names of class. Labelles? Hand them out randomly at start of the lesson in an envelope. When all bags are away find the person it belongs to.
