Physio1: Week 1
•Download as PPT, PDF•
4 likes•837 views
This document summarizes key concepts related to body fluid compartments, osmotic pressure, and synaptic transmission in physiology. It discusses that total body water is 60% of body weight, with intracellular fluid making up 40% and extracellular fluid 20%. Extracellular fluid is further divided into interstitial and plasma sub-compartments. Osmotic pressure is determined by effective osmolytes that cannot cross cell membranes. Synaptic transmission can occur electrically through gap junctions or chemically through neurotransmitters acting on ionotropic or metabotropic receptors. Action potentials are generated by the opening and closing of sodium and potassium ion channels in neurons.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Contact us: ,[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Physiology of Body fluids/ dental implant courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
General physiology - regulation of ECF
The document discusses physiology of body fluids, including:
1. Body fluids are divided into intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and transcellular fluid compartments. Extracellular fluid makes up about 40% of body weight and is regulated through osmoregulation.
2. Osmoregulation maintains stable concentrations of electrolytes and fluid volumes through negative feedback mechanisms that sense changes in extracellular fluid osmolarity and regulate the addition or subtraction of free water.
3. Several hormones and physiological systems help regulate fluid balance, including vasopressin, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide, and osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus that
Fluids
1. Perioperative fluid therapy aims to maintain hemodynamic stability and organ perfusion. Fluid requirements depend on maintenance needs, deficits from fasting or drainage, third spacing from surgery, and blood or other losses.
2. Transfusion is considered when hemoglobin levels compromise oxygen delivery, depending on patient tolerance. Blood groups and cross-matching guide compatible transfusions to avoid reactions. Component therapy allows targeted treatment with specific blood products.
3. Careful fluid and transfusion management can prevent complications like hypotension, edema, and transfusion reactions from improper products or volumes. Alternatives like autologous donation or blood substitutes aim to reduce donor dependence.
02 tuong phan
Modern perioperative fluid management
1. What's wrong with traditional practice? Traditional practices rely on surrogate endpoints for fluid resuscitation that have limitations.
2. Fluid restriction. Evidence shows hypervolemia from excessive fluids can cause harm through salt and water loads.
3. Fluid optimisation and goal directed fluid therapy. Using preload-sensitive parameters to guide optimal fluid therapy for high-risk patients, while still correcting hypovolemia which is important for resuscitation.
4. Time to change practice? The evidence calls for a change in practice away from arbitrary decision making toward optimized, goal-directed fluid management.
Transfusion support in surgery
This document summarizes transfusion support in various surgical procedures and clinical contexts. It discusses transfusion practices in elective surgery, noting variability. It promotes establishing transfusion guidelines and preoperative optimization to reduce transfusions. Autologous transfusion methods like predonation and intraoperative salvage are described. Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedules provide institution-specific transfusion recommendations. Specific considerations for transfusion in burn patients, liver transplantation, and other complex surgeries are outlined.
Preparing for surgery
The document provides instructions for preparing a patient and their chart for surgery. Key steps include obtaining consent forms, completing pre-operative assessments and checklists, ensuring test results and medications are documented, labeling the chart and sending labels to the operating room. Important patient preparations include hygiene, ID bands, NPO status if required, and removing personal items. A time out is conducted immediately before and after the procedure to verify patient, site, procedure, history and test results.
Perioperative fluid therapy
This document discusses goal-directed fluid therapy and summarizes key points about fluid management for various clinical situations. The main points are:
- Goal-directed therapy aims to optimize physiologic variables like cardiac output and oxygen delivery through fluid administration and inotropes/vasopressors to improve tissue perfusion and outcomes.
- Special populations like heart failure, kidney disease, sepsis, burns and liver disease require a delicate fluid balance to avoid complications from overhydration or underhydration.
- Fluid management in pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia must be conservative to prevent pulmonary edema given the clear association between positive fluid balance and this complication.
Peri-operative fluid therapy – Trends
1) Evidence suggests restrictive fluid infusion and avoidance of fluid overload during and after surgery can significantly reduce complications and length of postoperative hospital stay.
2) Goal-directed fluid therapy using cardiac output monitoring can help guide fluid titration and has been shown in some studies to reduce complications compared to standard fluid management without monitoring.
3) For lower risk surgery in fast-track programs, restrictive fluid protocols limiting intravenous fluids after surgery and encouraging early oral intake may be sufficient.
Recommended
Physiology of Body fluids/ dental implant courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
General physiology - regulation of ECF
The document discusses physiology of body fluids, including:
1. Body fluids are divided into intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, and transcellular fluid compartments. Extracellular fluid makes up about 40% of body weight and is regulated through osmoregulation.
2. Osmoregulation maintains stable concentrations of electrolytes and fluid volumes through negative feedback mechanisms that sense changes in extracellular fluid osmolarity and regulate the addition or subtraction of free water.
3. Several hormones and physiological systems help regulate fluid balance, including vasopressin, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide, and osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus that
Fluids
1. Perioperative fluid therapy aims to maintain hemodynamic stability and organ perfusion. Fluid requirements depend on maintenance needs, deficits from fasting or drainage, third spacing from surgery, and blood or other losses.
2. Transfusion is considered when hemoglobin levels compromise oxygen delivery, depending on patient tolerance. Blood groups and cross-matching guide compatible transfusions to avoid reactions. Component therapy allows targeted treatment with specific blood products.
3. Careful fluid and transfusion management can prevent complications like hypotension, edema, and transfusion reactions from improper products or volumes. Alternatives like autologous donation or blood substitutes aim to reduce donor dependence.
02 tuong phan
Modern perioperative fluid management
1. What's wrong with traditional practice? Traditional practices rely on surrogate endpoints for fluid resuscitation that have limitations.
2. Fluid restriction. Evidence shows hypervolemia from excessive fluids can cause harm through salt and water loads.
3. Fluid optimisation and goal directed fluid therapy. Using preload-sensitive parameters to guide optimal fluid therapy for high-risk patients, while still correcting hypovolemia which is important for resuscitation.
4. Time to change practice? The evidence calls for a change in practice away from arbitrary decision making toward optimized, goal-directed fluid management.
Transfusion support in surgery
This document summarizes transfusion support in various surgical procedures and clinical contexts. It discusses transfusion practices in elective surgery, noting variability. It promotes establishing transfusion guidelines and preoperative optimization to reduce transfusions. Autologous transfusion methods like predonation and intraoperative salvage are described. Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedules provide institution-specific transfusion recommendations. Specific considerations for transfusion in burn patients, liver transplantation, and other complex surgeries are outlined.
Preparing for surgery
The document provides instructions for preparing a patient and their chart for surgery. Key steps include obtaining consent forms, completing pre-operative assessments and checklists, ensuring test results and medications are documented, labeling the chart and sending labels to the operating room. Important patient preparations include hygiene, ID bands, NPO status if required, and removing personal items. A time out is conducted immediately before and after the procedure to verify patient, site, procedure, history and test results.
Perioperative fluid therapy
This document discusses goal-directed fluid therapy and summarizes key points about fluid management for various clinical situations. The main points are:
- Goal-directed therapy aims to optimize physiologic variables like cardiac output and oxygen delivery through fluid administration and inotropes/vasopressors to improve tissue perfusion and outcomes.
- Special populations like heart failure, kidney disease, sepsis, burns and liver disease require a delicate fluid balance to avoid complications from overhydration or underhydration.
- Fluid management in pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia must be conservative to prevent pulmonary edema given the clear association between positive fluid balance and this complication.
Peri-operative fluid therapy – Trends
1) Evidence suggests restrictive fluid infusion and avoidance of fluid overload during and after surgery can significantly reduce complications and length of postoperative hospital stay.
2) Goal-directed fluid therapy using cardiac output monitoring can help guide fluid titration and has been shown in some studies to reduce complications compared to standard fluid management without monitoring.
3) For lower risk surgery in fast-track programs, restrictive fluid protocols limiting intravenous fluids after surgery and encouraging early oral intake may be sufficient.
Perioperative fluid management
1. Perioperative fluid management aims to maintain adequate blood volume and tissue oxygenation to improve outcomes. Strict fluid balance is important to avoid complications.
2. Goal-directed hemodynamic therapy using parameters like stroke volume variation can optimize tissue oxygen delivery and reduce postoperative infections and complications.
3. In trauma patients requiring massive transfusion, plasma should be administered in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 with packed red blood cells to replace clotting factors and improve outcomes. Point-of-care coagulation monitoring helps guide administration.
Perioperative fluid therapy
This document discusses perioperative fluid therapy. It covers topics such as total body water, fluid compartments, preoperative fluid status evaluation, intravenous fluids including crystalloids like normal saline and lactated ringer's solution and colloids like albumin, gelatin and hydroxyethyl starches. It provides guidelines on calculating fluid requirements including maintenance fluids, deficits, third spacing losses and blood loss replacement. The document emphasizes using crystalloids over colloids for resuscitation and limiting colloid volumes due to lack of evidence for their continued use in acute illness.
Principles of preoperative and operative surgery
This document discusses principles of preoperative and operative surgery. It covers four main principles: preoperative preparation of the patient, a systems approach to preoperative evaluation, additional preoperative considerations, and a preoperative checklist. For preoperative evaluation and preparation, the document emphasizes assessing patient risk factors, especially cardiovascular risk, and optimizing high-risk patients prior to surgery through testing, medication, and consultation with specialists. The goal is to identify any medical issues that could impact the surgical outcome and take steps to improve the patient's status and reduce perioperative risk.
Blood and blood transfusion
The document discusses blood transfusion, including indications for different blood components, blood donation and collection processes, effects of blood storage, and administration of blood transfusions. It covers donor selection criteria, methods of collection to ensure sterility, changes that occur to blood components over time in storage, and steps to properly administer transfusions including patient investigation and cross-matching. Potential complications of transfusion are also summarized, including immediate reactions like febrile responses and allergic reactions, as well as delayed issues such as thrombophlebitis.
Perioperative fluid therapy
This document discusses perioperative fluid therapy. It begins by defining fluid compartments and compositions. It then discusses fluid balance and exchange between compartments via diffusion, osmosis, and hydrostatic/oncotic pressures. Specific conditions like hyponatremia and hypernatremia are examined along with calculating fluid deficits and replacements. Intravenous fluid types and their properties are outlined as well as estimating fluid requirements. Surgical fluid losses and allowable blood loss calculations are provided. Patient positioning and essential anesthesia monitors are also mentioned.
Perioperative fluid therapy logic & evidence
This document discusses fluid therapy and management. It begins by questioning common practices around fluid administration and their physiological effects. It notes that much of the fluid given intravenously leaks out of blood vessels rapidly. The concept of "third spacing" of fluid is questioned as evidence supporting it is flawed. Recent evidence points to fluid loading damaging the endothelial glycocalyx layer. Guidelines recommend restrictive fluid therapy with goal-directed monitoring to avoid complications of excess fluid like organ edema. Fluid needs vary by patient and surgery type, and fluid should be administered to address specific deficits or goals rather than by routine formulas.
Premedication
This document discusses premedication, which is the administration of drugs before anesthesia induction. It has psychological and pharmacological components. Pharmacological premedication aims to provide anxiolysis, analgesia, amnesia and other effects. Common drugs used include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opioids, NSAIDs, antacids and anticholinergics. Factors like a patient's physical status, surgery type and risk of aspiration are considered. The goals of premedication are to minimize anxiety and discomfort from surgery and anesthesia, while facilitating recovery.
Guidelines of blood transfusion
This document provides guidelines for blood transfusion and alternatives. It recommends considering alternatives to transfusion such as erythropoietin, intravenous/oral iron, cell salvage, and tranexamic acid for non-bleeding surgery patients. For those requiring transfusion, it provides thresholds and dosing guidelines for red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and prothrombin complex concentrate based on bleeding status and test results. All decisions should consider the full clinical situation to avoid under or over-transfusion.
Principles of preoperative assessment
Principles of Pre-operative Assessment of patient in Surgical Unit. Always consult your local hospital protocols, anesthetic team.
Iv fluids
This document discusses intravenous (IV) therapy, including the types of IV fluids used and their indications. It describes crystalloid fluids as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic depending on their osmolarity and effect on fluid shifts. Isotonic fluids like 0.9% NaCl are used for dehydration while hypotonic fluids help with hypertonic dehydration. Hypertonic fluids shift fluid out of cells. Colloid fluids also shift fluid out of cells and are used for shock. The document stresses avoiding too much or too little IV fluid and cautions about fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and rapid changes in sodium levels that can harm patients.
Pre anaesthetic medication
This document discusses pre-anesthetic medication, which refers to drugs administered before general anesthesia to make anesthesia safer. The objectives are sedation to relieve anxiety, pain relief before and after surgery, inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system to decrease secretions and prevent laryngospasm, acting as an anti-emetic, decreasing gastric acid secretion, and having synergistic effects with general anesthetics. Common pre-anesthetic medications mentioned include benzodiazepines, opioids, anticholinergic drugs, anti-emetics, and drugs to decrease gastric acid production and prevent reflux.
Preanaesthetic medication & general anaesthetics
This document provides information on pre-anaesthetic medication, general anaesthetic agents, and their mechanisms and uses. It discusses drugs administered before anaesthesia like benzodiazepines to reduce anxiety and opioids for analgesia. It also describes the history of commonly used general anaesthetics like ether, nitrous oxide, halothane and newer intravenous agents. The stages of anaesthesia and how anaesthetic potency is measured by MAC values is summarized. Complications of general anaesthesia like respiratory depression are also mentioned.
Preoperative care
The document discusses pre-operative nursing care which includes: assessing the patient's health history and needs, obtaining informed consent, providing pre-operative teaching to the patient, and preparing the patient physically and psychologically for surgery. The pre-operative phase preparation involves ensuring adequate nutrition, elimination, hygiene, medications, sleep, storage of valuables, removal of prosthetics, following special orders, preparing the surgical site, safety protocols, monitoring vital signs, and applying anti-embolism stockings.
Perioperative Care
Caring for perioperative clients
Contents Outline
Objectives.
Introduction.
Phases of perioperative care.
Types of surgery.
Categories of surgery based on urgency.
Preoperative assessment.
Surgical risk factors.
Preoperative preparation.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in preoperative phase.
Postoperative care.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in postoperative period.
Postoperative complications.
Pre and post operative nursing management ksu
This document outlines the phases of pre, intra, and postoperative nursing management. It discusses the key responsibilities in each phase, including patient education and preparation in the preoperative phase, ensuring patient safety and monitoring vital signs in the intraoperative phase, and assessing for complications while providing pain relief and encouraging activity in the postoperative phase. Potential complications are also summarized for both the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Preoperative Assessment (Intro)
The document discusses preoperative assessment and premedication. It covers setting up preoperative testing based on a patient's history and physical exam, evaluating cardiovascular and respiratory disease risk, managing medications before surgery, and guidelines for preoperative fasting. The goal is to identify and minimize risks, improve outcomes, and avoid unnecessary delays or cancellations.
Perioperative Nursing (complete)
The document discusses perioperative nursing, which describes the nursing care provided during the surgical experience. It is divided into three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.
The preoperative phase extends from admission to the surgical unit until being transported to the operating room. The intraoperative phase is from admission to the OR until being transported to the recovery room. The postoperative phase is from the recovery room until follow-up care.
The document also discusses the goals, assessments, screening tests, and interventions of the preoperative phase, including addressing patient fears and obtaining informed consent.
Preoperative and postoperative care
The document discusses preoperative and postoperative care. It covers preoperative assessment including history taking, physical examination, and risk assessment. Preoperative preparation includes fasting, blood tests, medication administration, and informed consent. Premedication goals are to reduce anxiety, secretions, and nausea/vomiting. Common premeditations include anticholinergics like atropine and scopolamine, benzodiazepines like diazepam and midazolam, and narcotics like pethidine and morphine. Care is taken to minimize risk and ensure patient safety before, during, and after surgery.
Ph1 general
1. The document discusses various topics related to membrane transport processes, pH and buffers, electrical properties of cells, communication between excitable cells, anatomical terminology, the skeleton, joints and muscle.
2. Key concepts include diffusion, facilitated transport, active transport, blood pH regulation, membrane potentials, action potentials, anatomical directions, bone structure, cartilage function, synovial joints, and muscle attachments.
3. The questions cover molecular transport across membranes, acid-base balance mechanisms, nerve signaling pathways, anatomical structures and relationships, bone formation, joint types, and muscle origins and insertions.
Introduction_to_Biopotentials_PART_I.pdf
The document discusses biopotentials and the mechanisms behind how they are generated in cells. It defines biopotentials as electric voltages measured between points in living tissues that accompany biochemical processes. Biopotentials allow communication between organs and muscles through action potentials, which are electrical impulses generated by the movement of ions across cell membranes. The document then describes in detail the ion concentrations inside and outside cells, ion channels, equilibrium potentials, and how the sodium-potassium pump maintains ion gradients. It explains that an action potential is initiated by depolarization of the cell membrane through sodium ion influx, followed by repolarization through potassium ion efflux.
M & N For Medical Physics.pptx
This document summarizes key aspects of cell physiology. It describes the components of the cell including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and nucleus. It then discusses the chemical composition of cells and functions of the plasma membrane. Integral and peripheral membrane proteins are outlined. Finally, it briefly touches on the cytoplasm, organelles, body fluids, membrane potentials, and action potentials.
Basics of electro physiology of heart
This document provides an overview of the basics of electrophysiology of the heart. It discusses key concepts such as resting membrane potential, graded potentials, depolarization, action potentials, repolarization, and refractory periods. The document explains that electrical activity exists in all organs due to ion transport across cell membranes and is predominant in muscles like the heart. It describes the conduction pathway in the heart from the sinoatrial node to the ventricles. Finally, the five phases of the cardiac action potential are outlined involving the movement of sodium, calcium, and potassium ions across cell membranes.
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Perioperative fluid management
1. Perioperative fluid management aims to maintain adequate blood volume and tissue oxygenation to improve outcomes. Strict fluid balance is important to avoid complications.
2. Goal-directed hemodynamic therapy using parameters like stroke volume variation can optimize tissue oxygen delivery and reduce postoperative infections and complications.
3. In trauma patients requiring massive transfusion, plasma should be administered in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 with packed red blood cells to replace clotting factors and improve outcomes. Point-of-care coagulation monitoring helps guide administration.
Perioperative fluid therapy
This document discusses perioperative fluid therapy. It covers topics such as total body water, fluid compartments, preoperative fluid status evaluation, intravenous fluids including crystalloids like normal saline and lactated ringer's solution and colloids like albumin, gelatin and hydroxyethyl starches. It provides guidelines on calculating fluid requirements including maintenance fluids, deficits, third spacing losses and blood loss replacement. The document emphasizes using crystalloids over colloids for resuscitation and limiting colloid volumes due to lack of evidence for their continued use in acute illness.
Principles of preoperative and operative surgery
This document discusses principles of preoperative and operative surgery. It covers four main principles: preoperative preparation of the patient, a systems approach to preoperative evaluation, additional preoperative considerations, and a preoperative checklist. For preoperative evaluation and preparation, the document emphasizes assessing patient risk factors, especially cardiovascular risk, and optimizing high-risk patients prior to surgery through testing, medication, and consultation with specialists. The goal is to identify any medical issues that could impact the surgical outcome and take steps to improve the patient's status and reduce perioperative risk.
Blood and blood transfusion
The document discusses blood transfusion, including indications for different blood components, blood donation and collection processes, effects of blood storage, and administration of blood transfusions. It covers donor selection criteria, methods of collection to ensure sterility, changes that occur to blood components over time in storage, and steps to properly administer transfusions including patient investigation and cross-matching. Potential complications of transfusion are also summarized, including immediate reactions like febrile responses and allergic reactions, as well as delayed issues such as thrombophlebitis.
Perioperative fluid therapy
This document discusses perioperative fluid therapy. It begins by defining fluid compartments and compositions. It then discusses fluid balance and exchange between compartments via diffusion, osmosis, and hydrostatic/oncotic pressures. Specific conditions like hyponatremia and hypernatremia are examined along with calculating fluid deficits and replacements. Intravenous fluid types and their properties are outlined as well as estimating fluid requirements. Surgical fluid losses and allowable blood loss calculations are provided. Patient positioning and essential anesthesia monitors are also mentioned.
Perioperative fluid therapy logic & evidence
This document discusses fluid therapy and management. It begins by questioning common practices around fluid administration and their physiological effects. It notes that much of the fluid given intravenously leaks out of blood vessels rapidly. The concept of "third spacing" of fluid is questioned as evidence supporting it is flawed. Recent evidence points to fluid loading damaging the endothelial glycocalyx layer. Guidelines recommend restrictive fluid therapy with goal-directed monitoring to avoid complications of excess fluid like organ edema. Fluid needs vary by patient and surgery type, and fluid should be administered to address specific deficits or goals rather than by routine formulas.
Premedication
This document discusses premedication, which is the administration of drugs before anesthesia induction. It has psychological and pharmacological components. Pharmacological premedication aims to provide anxiolysis, analgesia, amnesia and other effects. Common drugs used include benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opioids, NSAIDs, antacids and anticholinergics. Factors like a patient's physical status, surgery type and risk of aspiration are considered. The goals of premedication are to minimize anxiety and discomfort from surgery and anesthesia, while facilitating recovery.
Guidelines of blood transfusion
This document provides guidelines for blood transfusion and alternatives. It recommends considering alternatives to transfusion such as erythropoietin, intravenous/oral iron, cell salvage, and tranexamic acid for non-bleeding surgery patients. For those requiring transfusion, it provides thresholds and dosing guidelines for red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and prothrombin complex concentrate based on bleeding status and test results. All decisions should consider the full clinical situation to avoid under or over-transfusion.
Principles of preoperative assessment
Principles of Pre-operative Assessment of patient in Surgical Unit. Always consult your local hospital protocols, anesthetic team.
Iv fluids
This document discusses intravenous (IV) therapy, including the types of IV fluids used and their indications. It describes crystalloid fluids as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic depending on their osmolarity and effect on fluid shifts. Isotonic fluids like 0.9% NaCl are used for dehydration while hypotonic fluids help with hypertonic dehydration. Hypertonic fluids shift fluid out of cells. Colloid fluids also shift fluid out of cells and are used for shock. The document stresses avoiding too much or too little IV fluid and cautions about fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and rapid changes in sodium levels that can harm patients.
Pre anaesthetic medication
This document discusses pre-anesthetic medication, which refers to drugs administered before general anesthesia to make anesthesia safer. The objectives are sedation to relieve anxiety, pain relief before and after surgery, inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system to decrease secretions and prevent laryngospasm, acting as an anti-emetic, decreasing gastric acid secretion, and having synergistic effects with general anesthetics. Common pre-anesthetic medications mentioned include benzodiazepines, opioids, anticholinergic drugs, anti-emetics, and drugs to decrease gastric acid production and prevent reflux.
Preanaesthetic medication & general anaesthetics
This document provides information on pre-anaesthetic medication, general anaesthetic agents, and their mechanisms and uses. It discusses drugs administered before anaesthesia like benzodiazepines to reduce anxiety and opioids for analgesia. It also describes the history of commonly used general anaesthetics like ether, nitrous oxide, halothane and newer intravenous agents. The stages of anaesthesia and how anaesthetic potency is measured by MAC values is summarized. Complications of general anaesthesia like respiratory depression are also mentioned.
Preoperative care
The document discusses pre-operative nursing care which includes: assessing the patient's health history and needs, obtaining informed consent, providing pre-operative teaching to the patient, and preparing the patient physically and psychologically for surgery. The pre-operative phase preparation involves ensuring adequate nutrition, elimination, hygiene, medications, sleep, storage of valuables, removal of prosthetics, following special orders, preparing the surgical site, safety protocols, monitoring vital signs, and applying anti-embolism stockings.
Perioperative Care
Caring for perioperative clients
Contents Outline
Objectives.
Introduction.
Phases of perioperative care.
Types of surgery.
Categories of surgery based on urgency.
Preoperative assessment.
Surgical risk factors.
Preoperative preparation.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in preoperative phase.
Postoperative care.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in postoperative period.
Postoperative complications.
Pre and post operative nursing management ksu
This document outlines the phases of pre, intra, and postoperative nursing management. It discusses the key responsibilities in each phase, including patient education and preparation in the preoperative phase, ensuring patient safety and monitoring vital signs in the intraoperative phase, and assessing for complications while providing pain relief and encouraging activity in the postoperative phase. Potential complications are also summarized for both the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Preoperative Assessment (Intro)
The document discusses preoperative assessment and premedication. It covers setting up preoperative testing based on a patient's history and physical exam, evaluating cardiovascular and respiratory disease risk, managing medications before surgery, and guidelines for preoperative fasting. The goal is to identify and minimize risks, improve outcomes, and avoid unnecessary delays or cancellations.
Perioperative Nursing (complete)
The document discusses perioperative nursing, which describes the nursing care provided during the surgical experience. It is divided into three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.
The preoperative phase extends from admission to the surgical unit until being transported to the operating room. The intraoperative phase is from admission to the OR until being transported to the recovery room. The postoperative phase is from the recovery room until follow-up care.
The document also discusses the goals, assessments, screening tests, and interventions of the preoperative phase, including addressing patient fears and obtaining informed consent.
Preoperative and postoperative care
The document discusses preoperative and postoperative care. It covers preoperative assessment including history taking, physical examination, and risk assessment. Preoperative preparation includes fasting, blood tests, medication administration, and informed consent. Premedication goals are to reduce anxiety, secretions, and nausea/vomiting. Common premeditations include anticholinergics like atropine and scopolamine, benzodiazepines like diazepam and midazolam, and narcotics like pethidine and morphine. Care is taken to minimize risk and ensure patient safety before, during, and after surgery.
Viewers also liked (18)
Similar to Physio1: Week 1
Ph1 general
1. The document discusses various topics related to membrane transport processes, pH and buffers, electrical properties of cells, communication between excitable cells, anatomical terminology, the skeleton, joints and muscle.
2. Key concepts include diffusion, facilitated transport, active transport, blood pH regulation, membrane potentials, action potentials, anatomical directions, bone structure, cartilage function, synovial joints, and muscle attachments.
3. The questions cover molecular transport across membranes, acid-base balance mechanisms, nerve signaling pathways, anatomical structures and relationships, bone formation, joint types, and muscle origins and insertions.
Introduction_to_Biopotentials_PART_I.pdf
The document discusses biopotentials and the mechanisms behind how they are generated in cells. It defines biopotentials as electric voltages measured between points in living tissues that accompany biochemical processes. Biopotentials allow communication between organs and muscles through action potentials, which are electrical impulses generated by the movement of ions across cell membranes. The document then describes in detail the ion concentrations inside and outside cells, ion channels, equilibrium potentials, and how the sodium-potassium pump maintains ion gradients. It explains that an action potential is initiated by depolarization of the cell membrane through sodium ion influx, followed by repolarization through potassium ion efflux.
M & N For Medical Physics.pptx
This document summarizes key aspects of cell physiology. It describes the components of the cell including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and nucleus. It then discusses the chemical composition of cells and functions of the plasma membrane. Integral and peripheral membrane proteins are outlined. Finally, it briefly touches on the cytoplasm, organelles, body fluids, membrane potentials, and action potentials.
Basics of electro physiology of heart
This document provides an overview of the basics of electrophysiology of the heart. It discusses key concepts such as resting membrane potential, graded potentials, depolarization, action potentials, repolarization, and refractory periods. The document explains that electrical activity exists in all organs due to ion transport across cell membranes and is predominant in muscles like the heart. It describes the conduction pathway in the heart from the sinoatrial node to the ventricles. Finally, the five phases of the cardiac action potential are outlined involving the movement of sodium, calcium, and potassium ions across cell membranes.
Phys. of fluids electrolytes (7)
This document discusses electrolyte physiology and provides details on normal concentrations and locations of various electrolytes and other components in blood and cells. It also summarizes urine dipstick tests and their significance. Specifically, it details:
1) Normal concentrations and locations of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and others in intracellular and extracellular fluids.
2) Common blood tests like basic metabolic panel, comprehensive metabolic panel, and lipid panel and what they measure.
3) Urine dipstick tests for properties like specific gravity, pH, protein, leukocytes, nitrites, blood, ketones, glucose, and bilirubin and their clinical significance.
Prof. Mridul M. Panditrao's Fluid/s
This document discusses fluid balance and fluid compartments in the human body. It defines key terms like total body water, extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, osmolality, tonicity, electrolytes and explains the distribution and regulation of body water. It also describes hypovolemia, its causes, diagnostic criteria and management approaches for hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic hypovolemia. Common intravenous fluids are classified and their properties and uses are explained.
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY.pptx
This document provides an introduction to physiology and covers several topics including the volume and composition of body fluids, cell membranes, transport across membranes, resting membrane potential, action potentials, and synaptic and neuromuscular transmission. The major intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments are described along with the mechanisms maintaining solute concentration gradients. Key concepts regarding the generation and propagation of action potentials and neurotransmission at chemical synapses are also summarized.
Transport Through Cell Membrane.pptx
Transport of materials across cell membranes can occur through simple diffusion, carrier-mediated transport, or osmosis. Carrier-mediated transport includes facilitated diffusion, primary active transport using ATP, and secondary active transport which couples solute movement to an electrochemical gradient. Cell junctions like tight junctions and gap junctions control the passage of materials between cells and allow for intercellular communication.
Synaptic Transmission.pptx
The document discusses the structure and function of synapses, describing their main features and classifications. It explains how chemical synapses use neurotransmitters and electrical synapses use gap junctions to transmit signals between neurons. The summation of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials ultimately determines whether an action potential is generated when the threshold is reached.
Capillary electrophoresis final ppt.
Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique that uses charged molecules' differential migration in response to an applied electric field. Key components include a capillary, buffers, and detectors. Molecules are separated based on their charge and size. There are several modes, including capillary zone electrophoresis which separates based on charge and size, and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography which uses micelles to separate charged and neutral molecules. Capillary electrophoresis provides high resolution, efficiency, and versatility in analyzing various molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and inorganic ions.
Tonicity disorders
Hypernatremia and hyponatremia for medical students, tonicity, volume and water disorders including syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion and diabetes insipidus.
Electrode Potential with image - EC8073 Medical Electronics - Hints for Slow ...
EC8073 Medical Electronics - Hints for Slow Learner
Nadar Saraswathi College of Engineering and Technology, Theni, Tamilnadu, India.
BODY_FLUIDS-IMTIAZ[1].ppt
LBM = 42 L x 100 g/70 ml = 60 kg
Fat mass = Total body weight - LBM = 70 kg - 60 kg = 10 kg
Transport across cell membrane i and ii
This document summarizes various modes of transport across cell membranes, including passive and active transport. Passive transport includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Active transport involves primary active transport via pumps like the sodium-potassium pump and secondary active transport using ion gradients. The document also discusses vesicular transport, which moves materials via endocytosis and exocytosis using vesicles. It provides examples and characteristics of different transport mechanisms, as well as factors that influence rates of diffusion and osmosis.
Body fluid compartments, daily water intake and
This document provides an overview of body fluid compartments, water balance, and fluid volume regulation. It discusses the composition and distribution of total body water and extracellular fluid. Key points include:
- Water balance is maintained through a balance of water intake and output, regulated by thirst and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
- ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption and decrease urine output. It also causes vasoconstriction and decreased sweating.
- Other hormones like aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) also play roles in fluid volume regulation by modulating sodium and water balance.
- The kidneys, hypothalam
Cell physiology for dentistry fcps1.pptx
To those who are appearing for the first time
FCPS is not a part time study , it requires your full efforts along with prayers . We are just left with 2 months in total , which is quite a short time to cover all the things . Don't listen to everyone . Just follow the main books , i will share maximum notes from important points of other books too . But i want you guyz to utilize your full time and cover the important books atleast twice before exams . Important points from other books i will share them too in sha Allah 😊
PSY-2 Ch02: Neurophysiology
The document summarizes key concepts in neurophysiology including:
1) Resting potentials are maintained by ion gradients and the sodium-potassium pump, keeping the intracellular environment negatively charged.
2) Action potentials are rapid shifts in membrane potential triggered by the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, which then allow voltage-gated potassium channels to repolarize the neuron.
3) Postsynaptic potentials are graded responses to neurotransmitters that can be excitatory or inhibitory, influencing whether an action potential is triggered in the postsynaptic cell.
Cardiac Electrical Activity from CV block lecture
The cardiac conductive system initiates and conducts electrical signals throughout the heart. It consists of specialized cells found in the sinoatrial node, internodal pathways, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers. There are two types of cardiac action potentials - fast-response potentials found in the atria, ventricles, and His-Purkinje system, and slow-response potentials found in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The fast-response potential involves all phases of depolarization and repolarization while the slow-response potential lacks phases 1 and 2.
EEG Generators
This presentation discusses the basic principles governing EEG Rhythm Generation, and discusses the various circuits that generate and maintain cerebral oscillations.
Body Fluid And Electrolyte Balance
The document discusses disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism. It covers homeostasis of water and electrolytes, common electrolyte imbalances seen in disease, and key mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, including thirst, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and osmoreceptors.
Similar to Physio1: Week 1 (20)
Electrode Potential with image - EC8073 Medical Electronics - Hints for Slow ...
Electrode Potential with image - EC8073 Medical Electronics - Hints for Slow ...
Recently uploaded
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Recently uploaded (20)
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Physio1: Week 1
- 1. Semester 1: Physiology Body Fluid Compartments and Introduction to Action Potentials Week 1
- 5. Expansion and Contraction ECF ICF Hct = RBC vol/blood vol Hct ~ ICF/ECF Isoosmotic volume expansion ↑ - ↓ Isoosmotic volume contraction ↓ - ↑ Hyperosmotic volume expansion ↑ ↓ ↓ Hyperosmotic volume contraction ↓ ↓ - Hypoosmotic volume expansion ↑ ↑ - Hypoosmotic volume contraction ↓ ↑ ↑
- 6. Tonicity
- 14. Love, Julie and Jenesha