1. Living beings are made up of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of organisms.
2. Cells carry out three vital functions - nutrition, interaction, and reproduction. Nutrition allows cells to obtain energy and matter for growth and maintenance.
3. There are two main types of nutrition - autotrophic and heterotrophic. Autotrophs like plants can produce their own food via photosynthesis, while heterotrophs obtain organic nutrients from other living or dead organisms.
The document discusses the vital functions of organisms including cellular structure, nutrition, reproduction, and cellular interaction. It describes the main types of cells as prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and explains that eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. It also discusses autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, explaining that autotrophs like plants produce their own food through photosynthesis while heterotrophs obtain nutrients by feeding on other organisms. The document concludes by describing asexual and sexual reproduction.
All living beings perform three vital functions: nutrition, interaction, and reproduction. Nutrition involves the exchange of matter and energy between organisms and their environments through either autotrophic or heterotrophic means. Interaction allows organisms to receive and respond to stimuli in their environment. Reproduction enables the production of new individuals through either asexual or sexual means.
The document summarizes key concepts about life processes, cells, and classification of living things. It outlines that all living things share three main life processes: nutrition, reproduction, and interaction with the environment. It then describes the basic unit of life - the cell, and explains the main parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Finally, it introduces the five-kingdom classification system used to categorize living things based on cell structure and nutrition.
This document provides information about cells and their basic functions. It discusses the structure of cells, including their membranes, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The document also covers cellular nutrition, including autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. Additionally, it summarizes cellular respiration as the process by which cells obtain energy from nutrients. Finally, it defines cellular division as the process where a parent cell divides into daughter cells.
Living things respond to stimuli in their environment, perform life processes like metabolism, growth and reproduction. The document then describes that cells are the basic unit of structure of living things, and details the functions of key cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and lysosomes. It explains how cells combine to form tissues, organs and organ systems.
Nutrition involves the intake and processing of food by living things. There are two main types of nutrition: autotrophic and heterotrophic. Autotrophs like plants can produce their own food, while heterotrophs like animals must consume other organisms for nutrients. The document goes on to describe the key processes of nutrition - obtaining nutrients, respiration, distribution of substances in the body, and excretion of waste products. It also explains the digestive and circulatory systems that facilitate these processes in animals and plants.
1) Living organisms have key characteristics of nutrition, interrelation with their environment, and reproduction.
2) Cells are the basic unit of life and come in plant and animal forms with different structures and organelles.
3) Organisms can be unicellular, consisting of one cell, or multicellular, made of many cell types organized into tissues, organs, and systems.
The document discusses the three main kingdoms that all living things belong to: animals, plants, and fungi. It provides details about the characteristics of each kingdom, including how animals can move and eat other organisms, how plants cannot move but can produce their own food, and how fungi cannot move but eat dead remains. It also examines the three main life processes that all living things carry out: interaction with the environment, nutrition, and reproduction. Examples are given for how different organisms within each kingdom demonstrate these processes.
The document discusses the vital functions of organisms including cellular structure, nutrition, reproduction, and cellular interaction. It describes the main types of cells as prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and explains that eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. It also discusses autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, explaining that autotrophs like plants produce their own food through photosynthesis while heterotrophs obtain nutrients by feeding on other organisms. The document concludes by describing asexual and sexual reproduction.
All living beings perform three vital functions: nutrition, interaction, and reproduction. Nutrition involves the exchange of matter and energy between organisms and their environments through either autotrophic or heterotrophic means. Interaction allows organisms to receive and respond to stimuli in their environment. Reproduction enables the production of new individuals through either asexual or sexual means.
The document summarizes key concepts about life processes, cells, and classification of living things. It outlines that all living things share three main life processes: nutrition, reproduction, and interaction with the environment. It then describes the basic unit of life - the cell, and explains the main parts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Finally, it introduces the five-kingdom classification system used to categorize living things based on cell structure and nutrition.
This document provides information about cells and their basic functions. It discusses the structure of cells, including their membranes, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It describes the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The document also covers cellular nutrition, including autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. Additionally, it summarizes cellular respiration as the process by which cells obtain energy from nutrients. Finally, it defines cellular division as the process where a parent cell divides into daughter cells.
Living things respond to stimuli in their environment, perform life processes like metabolism, growth and reproduction. The document then describes that cells are the basic unit of structure of living things, and details the functions of key cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and lysosomes. It explains how cells combine to form tissues, organs and organ systems.
Nutrition involves the intake and processing of food by living things. There are two main types of nutrition: autotrophic and heterotrophic. Autotrophs like plants can produce their own food, while heterotrophs like animals must consume other organisms for nutrients. The document goes on to describe the key processes of nutrition - obtaining nutrients, respiration, distribution of substances in the body, and excretion of waste products. It also explains the digestive and circulatory systems that facilitate these processes in animals and plants.
1) Living organisms have key characteristics of nutrition, interrelation with their environment, and reproduction.
2) Cells are the basic unit of life and come in plant and animal forms with different structures and organelles.
3) Organisms can be unicellular, consisting of one cell, or multicellular, made of many cell types organized into tissues, organs, and systems.
The document discusses the three main kingdoms that all living things belong to: animals, plants, and fungi. It provides details about the characteristics of each kingdom, including how animals can move and eat other organisms, how plants cannot move but can produce their own food, and how fungi cannot move but eat dead remains. It also examines the three main life processes that all living things carry out: interaction with the environment, nutrition, and reproduction. Examples are given for how different organisms within each kingdom demonstrate these processes.
This document summarizes key concepts about the organization, homeostasis, energy acquisition and release, modes of nutrition, growth and development, reproduction and heredity, detection and response to stimuli, interactions, adaptation, and evolution of living organisms. It describes different types of organisms and their levels of organization. It also outlines various modes of nutrition including autotrophic, heterotrophic, holozoic, saprophytic, and parasitic nutrition. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of homeostasis, energy acquisition and release, growth and development, reproduction and heredity.
The 8 Life Processes & Homeostasis - Living Environment/BiologyRyan Frank
This slideshow goes over the first unit of biology (Living Environment), the 8 life functions, as well as homeostasis, and metabolism. Corresponds to NYS Regents Exam.
This document discusses the key characteristics of living things and provides examples of different types of cells, organisms, and kingdoms. It explains that living things are composed of cells that carry out vital functions like nutrition, reproduction, and interaction. Cells have common structures like a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Organisms can be unicellular like bacteria or multicellular like humans, whose cells have different appearances based on their function. The five main kingdoms - plants, animals, protists, monera, and fungi - are also outlined.
This document discusses several key topics in biology:
- Nutrition: All living things obtain nutrients and transform them into energy through photosynthesis (plants) or consuming other organisms (animals and decomposers like fungi and bacteria).
- Reproduction: Living things produce new organisms through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves one parent while sexual reproduction requires a male and female.
- Interaction: Organisms respond and react to stimuli in their environments through senses or other responses. For example, sunflowers respond to light stimuli.
- Cell structure: The basic unit of life, the cell, contains organelles like the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and vacuoles that allow organisms to carry out functions needed
The document discusses the basic characteristics of living things. It outlines the 6 main characteristics shared by all organisms: 1) living things have cells, 2) sense and respond to stimuli, 3) reproduce, 4) have DNA, 5) use energy, and 6) grow and develop. It then provides more details on the structures and functions of cells, including that cells are composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and use ATP as energy. The document seeks to define the basic requirements for life.
Biology is the study of living things. There are five key characteristics that define life: (1) being made of cells, (2) ability to reproduce, (3) having genetic material like DNA or RNA, (4) metabolism to break down materials, and (5) homeostasis to maintain stable internal conditions. All living things must possess all five of these characteristics to be considered alive.
Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiationpaigesirois
1) All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life.
2) Cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.
3) Cell differentiation is the process by which less specialized cells develop into more distinct cell types with specialized structures and functions. For example, a single fertilized egg cell can develop into the many specialized cell types that make up a complex multicellular organism.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a biology textbook. The introduction defines biology as the study of living things and lists some of its main branches. It also summarizes the key characteristics of living things using the mnemonic MR. GREFIC, which stands for movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion, feeding/nutrition, irritability/sensitivity, cells, and metabolism. The table of contents then outlines the 14 chapters that will be covered in the textbook, including chapters on cells, transport, respiration, excretion, genetics and ecology. It provides an overview of the topics and subtopics that will be discussed in each chapter.
Biology - What you absolutely must know to pass the living environment regentsMr. Walajtys
This document provides an overview of key concepts needed to pass the New York State Living Environment/Biology Regents exam. It covers the scientific method, characteristics of living things, cells, homeostasis, and human body systems. Some of the main points discussed include the definitions of observations, inferences, hypotheses and theories; the components of a controlled experiment; the basic functions of living things like nutrition, transport and regulation; and how cells, tissues, organs and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the human body.
This document provides information on living beings and their classification. It discusses that living beings are made of cells that carry out vital functions like nutrition, use of substances, and waste elimination. It describes the different types of cells, unicellular and multicellular organisms, and the tissues, organs and systems that make up more complex organisms. It also summarizes the five kingdoms of classification and explains that humans belong to the kingdom of Animalia, phylum of Chordata, class of Mammalia, order of Primates, family of Hominidae, genus of Homo, and species of Homo sapiens.
1) The document discusses the classification of animals based on key distinguishing features like their digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproduction type, and fertilization and development features.
2) It provides an overview of 12 animal phyla - Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata. For each it summarizes their key distinguishing characteristics.
3) It also discusses broader classification features like symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, and notochord that are used to classify animals.
All living things must have five key characteristics: 1) cells, 2) use energy, 3) homeostasis, 4) growth through cell division, and 5) reproduction. The document discusses these characteristics and provides examples of each one. Living things are made of cells, require food/energy, regulate internal conditions, grow by cell division, and reproduce offspring that are similar to the parents. Nonliving things do not possess all of these characteristics.
This document contains a biology worksheet with questions about classifying organisms as unicellular or multicellular, defining cell structures and organelles, describing the roles of nutrition, reproduction and interaction in living things, and identifying the correct classifications of bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The student completed the worksheet by writing in short answers and classifications for each question.
This document discusses the key levels of biological organization from atoms to ecosystems. It outlines common features of living organisms including cells, growth, energy use, regulation, movement, response to stimuli, order, and reproduction. Evolution is presented as the core theme, with Darwin's theory of natural selection explained. The five kingdoms of life are described. Producers, consumers, and decomposers are explained as interdependent groups. Finally, the scientific method is summarized as a systematic approach involving observation, questioning, hypothesis, experimentation, and theory building.
This document contains a cell biology worksheet with multiple choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and true/false questions about the characteristics of different kingdoms of living things including: bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Some of the questions cover cellular structures like the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles. Other questions relate to the interactions between organisms through relationships, nutrition, and reproduction.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on cells and systems for an 8th grade science class. It contains over 50 slides covering various topics including: characteristics of living things, cell structures and functions, levels of organization from cells to organ systems, and medical pioneers. The presentation provides an overview of key concepts and categorizes the slides to support learning about biology at the junior high/middle school level.
The document defines and describes living beings. It discusses their common characteristics including nutrition, interactions, reproduction, chemical composition at the cellular and organic level, unicellular and pluricellular organisms, levels of organization, tissues, organs and systems. It also describes the classification of living beings into the five kingdoms of Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plants and Animals.
This document provides information about various life processes including nutrition, respiration, and photosynthesis. It defines nutrition as the process of taking in food and its utilization by the body. The four basic life processes that maintain life are defined as nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. Respiration is described as the process by which food is burned with oxygen to release energy. Photosynthesis is introduced as the process by which plants produce food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
The document summarizes key concepts from the first chapter of a biology textbook, including:
1) Life can be studied at different levels of organization from atoms to ecosystems. All living things require energy and nutrients, sense their environment, and use DNA to function and reproduce.
2) While all life shares common characteristics, there is tremendous diversity among organisms. These can be classified into the domains of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Eukaryotes include protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
3) Understanding life requires studying both its underlying unity across all organisms as well as the variation between different forms of life. Classification systems help organize our understanding of life's diversity.
The document discusses the basics of life at the cellular level. It describes the chemical composition of living beings as made of cells composed of biomolecules like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. It distinguishes inorganic biomolecules like water and mineral salts from organic biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. It defines cells as the basic structural and functional units of living beings and introduces the concepts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and differences between animal and plant cells. It also explains the two types of cellular nutrition: autotrophic involving producing organic matter from inorganic sources and heterotrophic involving feeding on organic matter produced by other organisms.
This document summarizes key concepts about the organization, homeostasis, energy acquisition and release, modes of nutrition, growth and development, reproduction and heredity, detection and response to stimuli, interactions, adaptation, and evolution of living organisms. It describes different types of organisms and their levels of organization. It also outlines various modes of nutrition including autotrophic, heterotrophic, holozoic, saprophytic, and parasitic nutrition. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of homeostasis, energy acquisition and release, growth and development, reproduction and heredity.
The 8 Life Processes & Homeostasis - Living Environment/BiologyRyan Frank
This slideshow goes over the first unit of biology (Living Environment), the 8 life functions, as well as homeostasis, and metabolism. Corresponds to NYS Regents Exam.
This document discusses the key characteristics of living things and provides examples of different types of cells, organisms, and kingdoms. It explains that living things are composed of cells that carry out vital functions like nutrition, reproduction, and interaction. Cells have common structures like a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Organisms can be unicellular like bacteria or multicellular like humans, whose cells have different appearances based on their function. The five main kingdoms - plants, animals, protists, monera, and fungi - are also outlined.
This document discusses several key topics in biology:
- Nutrition: All living things obtain nutrients and transform them into energy through photosynthesis (plants) or consuming other organisms (animals and decomposers like fungi and bacteria).
- Reproduction: Living things produce new organisms through asexual or sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves one parent while sexual reproduction requires a male and female.
- Interaction: Organisms respond and react to stimuli in their environments through senses or other responses. For example, sunflowers respond to light stimuli.
- Cell structure: The basic unit of life, the cell, contains organelles like the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and vacuoles that allow organisms to carry out functions needed
The document discusses the basic characteristics of living things. It outlines the 6 main characteristics shared by all organisms: 1) living things have cells, 2) sense and respond to stimuli, 3) reproduce, 4) have DNA, 5) use energy, and 6) grow and develop. It then provides more details on the structures and functions of cells, including that cells are composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and use ATP as energy. The document seeks to define the basic requirements for life.
Biology is the study of living things. There are five key characteristics that define life: (1) being made of cells, (2) ability to reproduce, (3) having genetic material like DNA or RNA, (4) metabolism to break down materials, and (5) homeostasis to maintain stable internal conditions. All living things must possess all five of these characteristics to be considered alive.
Cell Introduction and Cell Differentiationpaigesirois
1) All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life.
2) Cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.
3) Cell differentiation is the process by which less specialized cells develop into more distinct cell types with specialized structures and functions. For example, a single fertilized egg cell can develop into the many specialized cell types that make up a complex multicellular organism.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for a biology textbook. The introduction defines biology as the study of living things and lists some of its main branches. It also summarizes the key characteristics of living things using the mnemonic MR. GREFIC, which stands for movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion, feeding/nutrition, irritability/sensitivity, cells, and metabolism. The table of contents then outlines the 14 chapters that will be covered in the textbook, including chapters on cells, transport, respiration, excretion, genetics and ecology. It provides an overview of the topics and subtopics that will be discussed in each chapter.
Biology - What you absolutely must know to pass the living environment regentsMr. Walajtys
This document provides an overview of key concepts needed to pass the New York State Living Environment/Biology Regents exam. It covers the scientific method, characteristics of living things, cells, homeostasis, and human body systems. Some of the main points discussed include the definitions of observations, inferences, hypotheses and theories; the components of a controlled experiment; the basic functions of living things like nutrition, transport and regulation; and how cells, tissues, organs and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the human body.
This document provides information on living beings and their classification. It discusses that living beings are made of cells that carry out vital functions like nutrition, use of substances, and waste elimination. It describes the different types of cells, unicellular and multicellular organisms, and the tissues, organs and systems that make up more complex organisms. It also summarizes the five kingdoms of classification and explains that humans belong to the kingdom of Animalia, phylum of Chordata, class of Mammalia, order of Primates, family of Hominidae, genus of Homo, and species of Homo sapiens.
1) The document discusses the classification of animals based on key distinguishing features like their digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproduction type, and fertilization and development features.
2) It provides an overview of 12 animal phyla - Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata. For each it summarizes their key distinguishing characteristics.
3) It also discusses broader classification features like symmetry, body cavity, segmentation, and notochord that are used to classify animals.
All living things must have five key characteristics: 1) cells, 2) use energy, 3) homeostasis, 4) growth through cell division, and 5) reproduction. The document discusses these characteristics and provides examples of each one. Living things are made of cells, require food/energy, regulate internal conditions, grow by cell division, and reproduce offspring that are similar to the parents. Nonliving things do not possess all of these characteristics.
This document contains a biology worksheet with questions about classifying organisms as unicellular or multicellular, defining cell structures and organelles, describing the roles of nutrition, reproduction and interaction in living things, and identifying the correct classifications of bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The student completed the worksheet by writing in short answers and classifications for each question.
This document discusses the key levels of biological organization from atoms to ecosystems. It outlines common features of living organisms including cells, growth, energy use, regulation, movement, response to stimuli, order, and reproduction. Evolution is presented as the core theme, with Darwin's theory of natural selection explained. The five kingdoms of life are described. Producers, consumers, and decomposers are explained as interdependent groups. Finally, the scientific method is summarized as a systematic approach involving observation, questioning, hypothesis, experimentation, and theory building.
This document contains a cell biology worksheet with multiple choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and true/false questions about the characteristics of different kingdoms of living things including: bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Some of the questions cover cellular structures like the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles. Other questions relate to the interactions between organisms through relationships, nutrition, and reproduction.
This document is a PowerPoint presentation on cells and systems for an 8th grade science class. It contains over 50 slides covering various topics including: characteristics of living things, cell structures and functions, levels of organization from cells to organ systems, and medical pioneers. The presentation provides an overview of key concepts and categorizes the slides to support learning about biology at the junior high/middle school level.
The document defines and describes living beings. It discusses their common characteristics including nutrition, interactions, reproduction, chemical composition at the cellular and organic level, unicellular and pluricellular organisms, levels of organization, tissues, organs and systems. It also describes the classification of living beings into the five kingdoms of Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plants and Animals.
This document provides information about various life processes including nutrition, respiration, and photosynthesis. It defines nutrition as the process of taking in food and its utilization by the body. The four basic life processes that maintain life are defined as nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. Respiration is described as the process by which food is burned with oxygen to release energy. Photosynthesis is introduced as the process by which plants produce food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
The document summarizes key concepts from the first chapter of a biology textbook, including:
1) Life can be studied at different levels of organization from atoms to ecosystems. All living things require energy and nutrients, sense their environment, and use DNA to function and reproduce.
2) While all life shares common characteristics, there is tremendous diversity among organisms. These can be classified into the domains of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Eukaryotes include protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
3) Understanding life requires studying both its underlying unity across all organisms as well as the variation between different forms of life. Classification systems help organize our understanding of life's diversity.
The document discusses the basics of life at the cellular level. It describes the chemical composition of living beings as made of cells composed of biomolecules like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. It distinguishes inorganic biomolecules like water and mineral salts from organic biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. It defines cells as the basic structural and functional units of living beings and introduces the concepts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and differences between animal and plant cells. It also explains the two types of cellular nutrition: autotrophic involving producing organic matter from inorganic sources and heterotrophic involving feeding on organic matter produced by other organisms.
The document discusses the differences between living and non-living things, focusing on plants and animals. It notes that living things breathe, eat, grow, reproduce, and die, while non-living things do not. It then describes the basic needs of plants - sunlight, water, and soil - and animals - water, food, and rest. The document outlines the main parts of a plant - roots, stem, leaves, and flowers. It concludes by identifying trees, bushes, and grass based on their stem structures.
Living beings have 7 main characteristics:
1. They are composed of cells, which can be single-celled or multicellular.
2. They have a chemical composition and are highly organized from primary bioelements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
3. Living things use energy, either producing their own through photosynthesis (autotrophs) or consuming organic molecules (heterotrophs).
This summarizes the key points about the characteristics of living beings according to the document.
A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. The invention of the microscope made it possible to see cells. There are two main types of microscopes - simple microscopes with one lens and compound microscopes with more than one lens. The cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function of an organism, and cells are produced from other cells. Robert Hooke was the first to see a cell using a microscope and named it a cell.
Six kingdom schemes of living organismsדונה מארילון
This document outlines the six kingdoms of living organisms: Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Archaea. It provides details on the defining characteristics of each kingdom such as cell structure, nutrition, habitat, movement, and reproduction. Examples are given for major groups within each kingdom. The economic importance of organisms from these kingdoms is also discussed.
La probabilità è una misura del grado di incertezza di un evento in un certo esperimento casuale.
E’ ragionevole misurare l’incertezza degli eventi assegnando ad essi un numero compreso tra 0 e 1, detto probabilità di un evento.
Quanto più la probabilità è vicina a zero tanto più l’evento si verifica raramente e quanto più la probabilità è vicina a 1 tanto più l’evento è frequente.
El documento describe un viaje educativo al Parque Natural de Valderejo. El grupo saldrá a las 9 am y tardará unas 2 horas en llegar. Visitarán varios pueblos abandonados y pararán en Ribera para comer. Después recorrerán un desfiladero y regresarán a Belorado. El documento también explica brevemente qué es un parque natural, las reglas que hay que seguir y algunos aspectos geológicos e históricos del parque.
This document provides information about the universe and our solar system. It discusses how stars and galaxies are formed, and describes some of the major figures in the development of our understanding of the solar system, such as Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton. Details are given about the planets in our solar system, including their distances from the sun, rotation and revolution periods. The document also mentions astronomical units used to measure large distances and discusses how astronomers study the universe using tools like the Hubble Space Telescope.
The document discusses the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface, driven by solar energy. It involves processes such as evaporation, transpiration by plants, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and infiltration. Plants play a role in the water cycle by transpiring water from their leaves and stems. The sun provides the energy that drives the water cycle, powering the processes of evaporation and transpiration that lift water from the surface into the atmosphere. The document also mentions developing a water saving campaign and slogan.
Water has unique properties that allow it to perform important functions. It is made of molecules consisting of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Its density is lower than ice, allowing ice to float. Water is a powerful solvent that can dissolve many substances like grease, oil, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. It has a high specific heat capacity meaning it does not get hot or cold easily, helping to moderate Earth's climate. Water's cohesion and adhesion properties result from the attraction of water molecules to each other and other substances. This allows water to form drops, climb tubes through capillary action, and be absorbed by plants, which all rely on these properties to survive.
This document provides instructions for a presentation on the greenhouse effect. Students are asked to answer questions about fossil fuels, greenhouse gases, and the impacts of global warming before watching an animation. They then watch the animation and complete an activity worksheet. Finally, students discuss pictures related to the animation's content. The instructions are for a classroom activity where students will view an animation about the greenhouse effect and complete accompanying exercises to demonstrate their understanding.
This document provides an overview of the contents of Unit 1 of the Essential Natural Science 1 course. The unit covers topics about the universe and the solar system. It includes sections on theories of the universe, components of the universe and solar system, units of measurement used in astronomy, a timeline of discoveries, and descriptions of planets, dwarf planets, asteroids and comets. Interactive activities and external links are also listed to supplement the content.
This document summarizes key information about the solar system and astronomy. It discusses early models of the universe, with Aristarchus and Copernicus proposing the sun-centered model. It also covers units of measurement in astronomy, galaxies being made of stars, nebulae and gas, and our Milky Way galaxy. The document provides information about stars, planets, asteroids, comets, and the movements of planets. It compares inner and outer planets and provides details about specific planets. Seasons on Earth are explained by the tilt of the Earth's axis. Phases of the moon are also mentioned.
Biological classification and taxonomy began with Aristotle's system of grouping organisms by physical similarities like size and habitat. Carl Linnaeus later established binomial nomenclature using genus and species names written in Latin. Modern evolutionary classification is based on evolutionary relationships and descent rather than just physical traits. Cladograms illustrate how different lineages evolved from common ancestors over time. Organisms are classified into domains, kingdoms, phyla and other taxonomic ranks based on shared derived characteristics.
The document discusses the composition and structure of the atmosphere. It describes the five layers of the atmosphere - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. It then explains some key aspects of each layer, such as the ozone layer located in the stratosphere and where falling stars form in the mesosphere. The document also covers weather and climate factors like latitude, ocean currents, and instruments used to measure temperature, pressure, wind, and more.
This document discusses classifying animals into vertebrates and invertebrates. It provides examples of different types of invertebrates including sponges, jellyfish, earthworms, snails, starfish, and sea urchins. Students are asked to identify whether various animals like turtles, rays, trout, and platypuses are vertebrates or invertebrates. The document also lists the different groups of invertebrates and asks students to identify which group various other animals belong to.
Plant and animal cells share several organelles but also contain structures unique to their domain. Organelles common to both include the nucleus, which houses DNA in chromosomes and directs cell activities, cytoplasm that surrounds organelles, and cell membrane that encloses the cell. Organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, Golgi bodies and peroxisomes are also shared. Animal cells alone contain centrosomes and lysosomes while plant cells uniquely have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and cell walls for structure and support. Both plant and animal cells are the basic functional units of life.
This document provides an overview of cell structure and organization. It begins with objectives related to tracing the history of cell discovery, discussing the cell theory, and identifying organelles. It then defines the cell as the basic unit of life and discusses the key jobs of cells, including making energy through cellular respiration and mitochondria, and making proteins using structures like the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The document also differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides examples of organelles found in plant and animal cells.
1. Cells are the basic unit of life and all organisms are composed of one or more cells. Some organisms like bacteria are unicellular while others like humans are multicellular.
2. The earliest observations of cells were made by Robert Hooke in 1665 and key discoveries were later made by Robert Brown, Theodor Schwann, Mattias Schleiden, and Rudolf Virchow establishing cells as the fundamental unit of life.
3. There are two main types of cells - eukaryotic cells with a nucleus and organelles, and prokaryotic cells without a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells can be single-celled or part of multicellular organisms.
Cytology is the study of cells. Key developments include Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovering microorganisms in the 1670s, Robert Hooke coining the term "cell" in 1665, and Rudolph Virchow establishing that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1855. The document then describes the basic components of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Unit 1 Humans and Animals Cells. 4TH OF ESOmirareche
Cells are the basic unit of all living things. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The cellular theory states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. Eukaryotic cells have organelles that allow them to carry out specialized functions like mitochondria that produce energy and the nucleus that houses genetic material. The cell cycle and processes of mitosis and meiosis allow cells to replicate and produce new cells.
Unit 2 Characteristics of cells lesson week 7and 8.pptxNOELIEIBACARRA
The document outlines 8 characteristics of life and discusses the structure and function of cells. It notes that all living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function. Cells come in two main types - prokaryotic cells that lack a nucleus and organelles, and eukaryotic cells that have a nucleus and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The document also describes the key parts of the cell like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria and how different cell types are specialized for their functions.
This document provides an overview of cells. It begins by defining a cell as the fundamental unit of life and describes how Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork through a microscope in 1665. It then discusses the main instruments used for studying cells - light microscopes and electron microscopes. The document outlines the key differences between plant and animal cells and describes some of the main cell organelles like the cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. It provides comparisons between different types of cells and cell components.
The document summarizes the structure and functions of cells. It discusses that cells are the basic unit of life and are made up of organelles that each have a specific function. The three main parts of the cell are the nucleus, which contains genetic material and directs cell activities; the cytoplasm, where organelles are located; and the cell membrane, which regulates what enters and exits the cell. It then describes several important organelles and their functions, including the nucleus, ribosomes for protein synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum for lipid and protein synthesis, Golgi complex for packaging proteins, lysosomes for digestion, mitochondria for energy production, chloroplasts for photosynthesis in plants, and the cell wall for plant cell structure.
Biology is the study of life. It includes the study of living organisms from microscopic molecules and cells to entire ecosystems. The main branches of biology study anatomy, physiology, cells, genetics, ecology, and more. Key characteristics of living things include order, adaptation, response to the environment, regulation, energy processing, growth, and reproduction. Biology is studied at different levels of organization from molecules to biosphere. The basic units of structure and function in living things are cells, which contain organelles that carry out essential functions. Plant cells differ from animal cells in having additional structures like chloroplasts and a cell wall.
The document discusses the key components and organelles of the cell. It begins by defining the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It then describes some of the major discoveries in cell biology, including Hooke's discovery of cells in 1665. The main components of the cell are then outlined, including the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and various organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and their functions. The key differences between plant and animal cells are also summarized.
This document summarizes key aspects of cell structure and function. It begins by defining a cell as the smallest unit capable of life functions and outlines common traits such as a cell membrane and cytoplasm. It then compares cell sizes and shapes, noting how shape relates to function. The document introduces the two main cell types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - and describes their distinguishing features. Finally, it provides an overview of major cell organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles, explaining each organelle's structure and role within the cell.
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of the human body. There are many different types of cells including muscle, nerve, blood cells etc.
- Tissues are groups of cells that perform specific functions. The basic types of tissues include epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissues.
- Organs consist of two or more tissues working together to perform a particular function like the heart, liver, stomach. Systems are associations of organs that work together like the digestive, nervous, circulatory and respiratory systems.
This document provides an overview of cells and biology. It discusses the key characteristics of living things, including performing vital functions like nutrition, interaction, and reproduction, and being made of organic and inorganic substances organized into cells. It describes the structures and functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their organelles. The major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are that prokaryotes have no nucleus or organelles while eukaryotes do. The document also outlines the cell theory and its historical development.
Cells are the basic units of life. All living things are made of cells, and cells come only from other living cells. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells which have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The document goes on to describe the structures and functions of various cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell membrane, and others. It also compares the differences between plant and animal cells.
This document summarizes the key components and functions of cells. It describes that cells are the fundamental unit of life and consists of organelles like the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and centrioles (in animal cells). It provides details on the structures and roles of these various organelle in supporting cellular processes.
The document discusses the structure and components of an animal cell. An animal cell contains a nucleus that controls cell functions and contains DNA. It also contains organelles such as mitochondria that produce energy, ribosomes that produce proteins, lysosomes for digestion, and the Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum that transport materials. The plasma cell membrane surrounds the cell and is semi-permeable, regulating what passes in and out. Animal cells have these internal structures and lack a cell wall, and may contain vacuoles, centrioles and centrosomes.
This document provides information about the structures and functions of plant and animal cells. It discusses the key components of cells according to the cell theory, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vacuoles, and lysosomes. It notes that plant cells contain a cell wall and chloroplasts, which allow them to perform photosynthesis, while animal cells contain centrioles involved in cell reproduction. The document aims to differentiate plant and animal cells by describing the presence or absence of certain organelles in each type of cell.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack organelles and a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells which contain organelles and a nucleus. Key components of cells include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their function. The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, and internal structures like the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus help transport materials within the cell.
LESSON 2_LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN ANIMAL COMPLEXITY_2.pptMISRANASILUN3
This document discusses the different levels of organization in animal cells from the cellular level up. It begins by explaining the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from existing cells. It then describes the two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The rest of the document identifies and describes the structures and functions of various cellular organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more that carry out life functions within cells. It compares organelles found in plant versus animal cells as well.
Cells are the basic unit of life. They range in size but all cells contain a nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane. Within the cytoplasm are various organelles that carry out specific functions necessary for life. All organisms are made up of one or more cells that carry out functions like growth, transport of substances, and reproduction through cell division.
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2. 1. The living beings unit
a. Levels of organization of living beings
b. The cell
2. Living beings nutrition
3. Cellular metabolism
4. Authotrophic nutrition
5. Heterotrophic nutrition
3.
4.
5. Living beings have important common characteristics:
1. They all are made up of the same chemical
substances: biomolecules
2. They all are made up of one or more cells. A cell is
the basic structural and functional unit in all
organism: it is the smallest unit that can carry out
the 3 vital functions: nutrition, interaction and
reproduction
3. They carry out the 3 vital functions.
7. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings
1. ATOM
◦ The smallest unit of an element that has the
chemical properties of that element.
◦ It’s made up of subatomic particles: neutrons,
protons and electrons.
Ex: A hydrogen atom
2. MOLECULE
◦ Two or more atoms that are joined by chemical
bonds.
◦ Molecules that made up living beings are called…
…
8. … BIOMOLECULES! ☺ and there are two types:
Inorganic:We can find them in living things but also,
1. Inorganic:
in no living things.
1. WATER: Livings being are made up of a high
percentage of water. (63% of our body’s mass)
2. MINERAL SALTS: They have different functions in
the body
Structural Bones (Calcium: Ca)
Allow organs to function correctly Muscles (Potassium: K)
Cell regulation
9. … BIOMOLECULES! ☺ and there are two types:
2. Organic: We can find them ONLY in living beings. They all
Organic:
have a carbon skeleton (some carbon atoms bonded to
hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms)
a. CARBOHYDRATES:
Basic unit: monosaccharides
Functions: To store “energy” (starch & glucose) and structural
(cellulose)
MONOSACCHARYDES Ex. Glucose
CARBOHYDRATES Ex. Sucrose
DISACCHARYDES
Or GLUCIDES Lactose
Ex. Starch
POLYSACCHARIDES
Cellulose
10. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
BIOMOLECULES! ☺
2. Organic:
Organic:
b. LIPIDS:
Basic unit of some of them: fatty acids.
Functions: To store “energy” (fats), structural (cholesterol),
hormones, etc…
Ex: Fats, cholesterol & oils.
c. PROTEINS:
Basic unit: amino acids.
Functions: structural (collagen), to carry oxygen (haemoglobine),
metabolism (enzymes), etc…
Ex: Collagen, haemoglobine, enzymes, antibodies...
11. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
BIOMOLECULES! ☺
2. Organic:
Organic:
d. NUCLEIC ACIDS:
Basic unit of some of them: nucleotides.
Functions: To store the genetical information
Ex: DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) & RNA (RiboNucleic Acid)
12. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
3. ORGANELLES
◦ Specialized subunit inside a cell that has a specific
function, and is usually surrounded by its own
membrane.
◦ Ex: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
complex, vacuoles…
◦ … you’ll stydy it in the next point The cell
13. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
ALIVE LEVELS
4. CELL
◦ The smalles unit that can perform the three vital
functions of all organisms: nutrition, interaction and
reproduction.
◦ There are 2 types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
14. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
5. TISSUE
◦ Is a set of the same type of cells from the same
origin and with specific function.
◦ There are only tissues in Plants and Animal kingdom.
15. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
6. ORGAN
◦ Is a group of tissues that perform a common
function.
ANIMAL PLANTS
16. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
7. ORGAN SYSTEM
◦ It’s a group of organs that perform a common
function.
◦ Ex: digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system…
17. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
a. Levels of organization of living beings (cont.)
8. ORGANISM
◦ Any complete living being
PLANT
ALGAE
BACTERIA
FUNGI
ANIMAL
PROTOZOA
18. Robert Hooke-1665
◦ Coined the word “cell”
◦ Looked at cork cells
Robert Brown -1831
◦ Discovered the "nucleus"
Theodor Schwann - 1838
◦ Cells are unit of biological structure
Mattias Schleiden – ca. 1850
◦ Cells are the fundamental basis of life
Virchow -1858
◦ All cells come from cells
19. 1. Every living organism is made up of at
least one cell.
2. Cells are the basic structural and
functional units of organisms.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
20. CELL
PROCARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
- Larger, 8—100 µm
- Smaller, 1—5 µm
- Membranous organelles
- No organelles
- Nucleus
- No nucleus
- DNA in linear chromosomes
- DNA in circular loop
21. It’s the most primitive type of cell.
It hasn’t got nucleus, so genetic material is
dispersed throughout the cell’s cytoplasm.
BACTERIA are prokaryotic single-celled
organisms
22.
23. They’re more complicated and evolved
They have a nucleus, surrounded by a membrane.
ANIMALS, PROTOZOA, ALGAE, FUNGI and PLANTS
are made up of eukaryotic cells.
We’re going to study 2 differents types of eukaryotic cells:
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT
CELL
24. All Eukaryotic cells have those estructures:
◦ Plasma membrane
◦ Cytoplasm with organelles
◦ Nucleus (with DNA)
Plant
Animal
Cell
Cell
25. 1. Plasma membrane
The cell membrane surrounds the cell
Isolates cytoplasm from environment
Regulates molecular movement into and out
of cell
2. Cytoplasm
This is a gel inside the cell membrane, which
contain all the organelles.
It’s made up of water and
mineral salts.
26. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
b. The cell - EUKARYOTIC CELL’S STRUCTURE (cont.)
3. Nucleus
It’s a structure usually located in the center of the
cell.
It’s a home to the cell’s chromosomes*,
surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
* Chromosomes: They are genetic structures that contain
information to make new cells. Basically, the instructions for how
to make new cells, the DNA. They are made up of DNA with
proteins.
27. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
b. The cell - EUKARYOTIC CELL’S STRUCTURE (cont.)
4. Endoplasmatic reticulums: Smooth and
Rough
These 2 structures work together producing
important products for the cell.
Smooth E.R Synthesize lipids
Rough E.R. Synthesize proteins (thank to
the Ribosomes)
28. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
b. The cell - EUKARYOTIC CELL’S STRUCTURE (cont.)
5. Ribosomes
Site of proteins synthesis
Dark granules, (usually drawn as small circles)
6. Golgi complex
It packs products in the cell to be carried through
the cell in vesicles.
29. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
b. The cell - EUKARYOTIC CELL’S STRUCTURE (cont.)
7. Mithocondria
They take the “food” the cell took in (glucose &
fatty acids) and turn them into energy.
The energy is needed to carry out activities.
It’s called cellular respiration
NUTRIENTS + O2 ENERGY + WASTE + CO2 + H2O
30. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
b. The cell - EUKARYOTIC CELL’S STRUCTURE (cont.)
8. Vacuoles
These are fluid-filled structures used to store
different substances.
In animal cells there are often many small vacuoles.
In plant cells there is usually only one vacuole, but
it is larger than, even, the nucleus.
31. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
b. The cell - EUKARYOTIC CELL’S STRUCTURE (cont.)
9. Lysosomes
• They carry out the digestion of nutrients.
• They are similar to vacuoles, but they have enzymes to do
digestion inside.
32. 1. The living beings unit (cont.)
b. The cell - EUKARYOTIC CELL’S STRUCTURE (cont.)
… and ONLY in PLANT CELLS:
10. Cell wall
A rigid layer, outside the cell membrane
It’s made up of cellulose
It provides these cells with structural support and protection
11. Chloroplast
It’s the organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
It has chlorophyll inside, that helps to capture the energy
from sunlight.
33. 2. Living beings’ nutrition
beings’
All living beings carry out NUTRITION.
They do this in order to get the nutrients they
need …
1. … to renew and maintain their cells, tissues and
organs. They need matter
2. … to get the energy they need to carry out vital
functions, move, produce heat, and allow their
organs to function and their cells to make the
biomolecules that they need.
34. 2. Living beings’ nutrition (cont.)
beings’
HUMAN NUTRITION
Humans take food from the environment, but also,
they take water and O2.
What human systems do take part in the
nutrition?
Only the digestive system
FALSE
Digestive system: to get nutrients from the food
by means of the digestion
Respiratory system: to get O2 and throw out CO2
Circulatory system: to transport nutrients and
gases
Excretory system: to expel waste products.
35. 2. Living beings’ nutrition (cont.)
beings’
HUMAN NUTRITION
1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
36. 2. Living beings’ nutrition (cont.)
beings’
HUMAN NUTRITION
3. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
4. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
37. 3. Cellular metabolism
METABOLISM: is the set of chemical reactions that
happen inside the cell. There are 2 types:
1. CATABOLISM: Chemical reactions to get more
simple molecules and energy by means of
breaking out biomolecules.
2. ANABOLISM: Chemical reactions to get larger
molecules, to renew cell structures and to grow
structures. Those reactions need energy.
38. 3. Cellular metabolism (cont.)
1. CATABOLISM
Is the set of metabolic pathways that break down
molecules into smaller units and get energy.
* ATP is the energy-coin of the cell
Large molecules such as polysaccharides, lipids and
proteins, are broken down into smaller units such
as monosaccharides, fatty acids, and amino acids,
respectively.
Ex: Cellular respiration (with O2) & Fermentation
(without O2)
NUTRIENTS + O2 ENERGY (ATP + WASTE + CO2 + H2O
ATP)
39. 3. Cellular metabolism (cont.)
1. CATABOLISM: CELLULAR RESPIRATION
It happens inside the
mitochondria .
This process is also
called aerobic
respiration (with
oxygen)
40. 4. AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
Autotrophic living beings can
make their own “food” to
grow.
They make organic matter
from inorganic matter, by…
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: They
use the energy from
sunlight.
Chemosynthesis: They use
Chemosynthesis:
the energy from other
chemical reactions.
41. 4. AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION (cont.)
Autotrophic nutrition occurs in plants, algae and
some bacterias.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
It has the following stages:
1. Nutrients are taken in from the environment. They
are inorganic molecules:
water and mineral salts (absorbed through the
roots) RAW SAP (transport by the xylem)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) which plants take in
directly through the leaves.
42. 4. AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION (cont.)
2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
It takes place in the chloroplasts of
the plant cell, where the chlorophyll
captures the energy from sunlight.
The water, mineral salts & the CO2
are used to produce organic matter
such as glucose.
Oxygen is realeased to the air
(through stoma)
43. 4. AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION (cont.)
3. ORGANIC MATTER IS USED:
The organic matter is:
• used in the same cell or
• transported to other organs ELABORATED
SAP (through the phloem)
The organic matter is used:
• To renew their structures.
Ex. To make cellulose (Cell wall)
• To grow
• To carry out the cellular respiration in the
mitochondrion, to release energy (ATP).
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46. 5. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
Heterotrophic living beings use to feed on organic
matter from other living or dead living beings.
Heterotrophic nutrition occurs in animals, fungi,
protozoas and some bacterias.
They use the organic matter from other living
beings to:
Renew structures and grow
Get energy
48. 5. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION:
Animals nutrition
The digestive process include 4 stages:
1. Ingestion: To take in the food
2. Digestion: to break the complex molecules of the
food in simpler molecules of nutrients. It can be:
Inside the cells of the digestive system.
Intracellular
Ex: Sponges
Digestion
Outside the cells of the difestive system
Extracellular
Ex: Humans
Inside the body
Internal
Ex: humans
Digestion
Outside the body, with chemical substances
External
releases from the body. Ex: fungis, spiders
49. 5. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION:
Animals nutrition
The digestive process include 4 stages:
3. Absortion: Nutrients go inside the blood through
Absortion:
the capillary walls.
4. Faecal egestion.
egestion.
50. 5. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION:
Animals nutrition
There are different types of digestive systems. It
depends of how evolved the animals are.
Digestive tubes Digestive tube
of a carnivore
Digestive tube
of a ruminant
herbivore
Digestive tube of
a non-ruminant
herbivore
gastrovascular
cavity
51. 5. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION:
There are different types of living beings, depending
on what kind of food they take in.
1. HERBIVORES:
• They only eat plants, flowers, fruits…
• Ex: Cow, koala, bees
2. CARNIVORES:
• They only eat animals
• Ex: Lion, cocodrile
3. OMNIVORES:
• They eat animals and plants
• Ex: Humans, pigs
52. 5. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION:
4. SAPROPHYTES:
• They take in substances from dead organisms or decaying organic
matter…
• They “recycle” the organic matter into inorganic matter, and it’s
available again for plants' nutrition.
• Ex: Fungi, bacteria
5. PARASITES:
• They live in or on another living being and feeds on it.
• Ex: Worms, fungi, bacteria.