This document provides an introduction to anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of body structure, including both macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Physiology is defined as the study of how the body functions at various levels. The document then discusses the 10 characteristics of life, 5 needs of organisms, and the major body systems including integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. It concludes by covering topics like body composition, anatomical position, anatomical planes, and types of body movements.

2. 1.

3. ANATOMY

4. 2.

5. PHYSIOLOGY

6. 3.

7. KIDNEY

8. 4.

9. BODY
SYSTEM

10. 5.

11. ABSORPTION

12. Introduction to
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
PART 1
BY JOHN SALADAS

13. WHAT IS ANATOMY?
• The branch of science
concerned with the bodily
structure of humans, animals,
and other living organisms,
especially as revealed by
dissection and the separation
of parts.
• Studies of the body parts and
their relationships.

14. SUBDIVISIONS OF
ANATOMY?
Macroscopic
(Gross)
Anatomy
Study of large body
structure.
(e.g: heart, lungs,
kidneys… etc.)

15. Microscopic
Anatomy
Very small structures
that cannot be seen
with naked eyes.
• 1. Cytology- study of
body cells
• 2. Histology- study of
body tissues

16. WHAT IS
PHYSIOLOGY?
• The branch of biology
that deals with the
normal functions of
living organisms and
their parts. (dictionary)
• Is the study of how the
body works.
• Human Physiology is
the science of the
mechanical, physical,
and biochemical
functions of normal
humans or human
tissues or organs.
• The study of
physiology occurs at
many levels including
organisms, organ

17. 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
1.Responsiveness – ability of
sense change and react
2.Movement – change in
position of an organism
3.Reproduction - process of
making a new organism
4.Respiration - the process of
getting oxygen
5.Growth - an increase in body
size
6. Digestion - complex material
changes into simpler material
7. Absorption - the passage of a
substance through a membrane
8. Assimilation – putting
molecules together to make
more complex substance
9. Circulation – movement of
material
10. Excretion – getting rid of
material

18. 5 NEEDS OF ORGANISM
1. Water – most abundant substance in the body
2. Food – provides energy for body
3. Oxygen – makes up to 20% of atmospheric air we
breathe 78% is nitrogen 2% other gases.
4. Heat – we get heat from muscle activity normal temp =
98.6 degree F or 37 degree C
5. Pressure - there are two types:
• Hydrostatic pressure – example you would be the
blood moving under the pressure of the heart. 120/180 is
normal
• Atmospheric pressure – comes from the air around us
and allows us to breath.

19. SYSTEM OF THE
BODY
• Integumentary System
- External cover of the body (skin)
- Protects deeper tissues from
injury
- Site of cutaneous, receptors,
sweat and oil glands.
• Skeletal System
- The Bones
- Protects and supports body
organs

20. SYSTEM OF THE BODY
• Muscular
System
- muscles
- produce body
movement
• Nervous
System
- consist of brain,
sensory receptor,
nerves, spinal
cord
- control
homeostasis by
stimulating
particular
muscles
contraction and

21. SYSTEM OF THE BODY
• Endocrine System
- Hormone's secretion to
regulate body processes.
• Cardiovascular System
- Transport blood to the body
• Lymphatic/Immune System
- Protect the body by attacking
foreign substances entering
body system

22. SYSTEM OF THE BODY
• Respiratory
System
- supply blood
with oxygen and
removing carbon
dioxide.
• Digestive
System
- break down the
food for
absorption
- indigestible food
will be removed
as feces

23. SYSTEM OF THE
BODY
• Urinary System
- regulation of water, electrolytes
and acid-base balance in the body.
• Reproductive System
- production of babies

24. Body
Composition

25. PART II

26. Anatomical Position
• Standing
position with
the body erect
facing forward,
feet slightly
apart, arms
hanging and
palms also
facing
forward.

27. Anatomical Position

28. Body Planes

29. Superior – (cranial) a
part is above another
part.
Inferior – (caudal) a
part is below another
part.
Anterior – (ventral)
toward the front.
Posterior – (dorsal) is
the opposite of
anterior.
Medial – means
closer to the midline.
Lateral – toward the
side with respect to
the imaginary
midline.
Proximal – closer to
the trunk of the body
or closer to another
specified point of
reference.
Distal – is the
opposite of proximal,
meaning farther from
the trunk or from a
point of reference.
Superficial – means
situated near the
surface.
Peripheral – means
outward or also near
the surface.
External – outside
the body.
Internal – inside the
body.
Parietal – pertaining
to the walls of a
cavity.
Visceral – pertaining
to the organs within a
cavity.

30. extension & flexion

31. Abduction & adduction

32. Protraction/Retraction
Pronation/Supination
Opposition of thumb and pinky

33. Elevation/ Depression
Inversion/Eversion

34. Circumduction

35. References:
https://www.slideshare.net/linoby/introduction-to-human-
anatomy