U07 The simplest living things
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The document discusses the characteristics of the simplest living things, including bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, protists, and viruses. It describes their cell structures, modes of nutrition, reproduction, habitats, impacts on health, and importance in ecosystems. Examples like bacteria classification and the viral infection process are explained.
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The kingdom Protista includes a diverse range of single-celled and simple multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms. While they differ greatly from one another, protists share characteristics of being eukaryotic with nuclei but less complex than other eukaryotes. Protists reproduce through both asexual and sexual means. They obtain food through photosynthesis, consuming other organisms or organic matter, or using multiple methods. Major groups of protists include algae, protozoa like amoebas and ciliates, slime molds, and diatoms.
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2. The earliest protozoa evolved over 1.5 billion years ago from ancient archaea. They are divided into multiple phyla based on features like nucleus type and locomotion.
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Food-borne diseases, rather than food poisoning or ptomaine poisoning, is a more accurate term to describe illness caused by consuming contaminated food. Food-borne diseases can be caused by living organisms like bacteria, parasites, and viruses entering the body through food (food-borne infections) or toxic substances in food like bacterial toxins (food poisoning/intoxication). Common types of food-borne diseases include those caused by Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Clostridium botulinum, and various parasites. Thorough cooking and proper food handling/storage can help prevent the spread of food-borne illnesses.
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2. It explains the characteristics of each kingdom, including their reproductive structures and cycles. Bryophytes reproduce via spores while vascular plants like ferns, conifers, and flowering plants reproduce via spores or seeds.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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U07 The simplest living things
- 1. The simplest living things HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS CONTENTS RESOURCES ACTIVITY LINKS
- 2. Contents The simplest living things Protoctist kingdom Protozoa Algae Microorganisms Beneficial or harmful Illnesses Protection Monera kingdom Characteristics Classification Nutrition Reproduction Viruses Characteristics Infection process HOME HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS
- 3. HOME Resources What are algae like? What are protozoa like? What are bacteria like? How are bacteria classified? Bacteria nutrition How do bacteria reproduce and interact? What is a virus like? Viral infection process Illnesses Protection against infectious diseases HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Animation: Monerans and Protoctists Interactive activity: Protoctists Links Are all microorganisms harmful?
- 14. What are lichen? Symbiosis between unicellular algae and fungi unicellular algae fungal hyphae Lichen (under a microscope) Fruticose lichen Types of lichen Foliose lichen Crustose lichen HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS GO BACK
- 15. Animation: Monerans and Protoctists HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS
- 16. Bacteria nutrition Heterotrophs Autotrophs HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Photosynthesis Parasites Saprophytes Symbionts
- 20. Bacteria nutrition Heterotrophs P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S cyanobacteria Autotrophs HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Parasites Saprophytes Symbionts oxygen + organic substances carbon dioxide
- 21. How are bacteria classified? spherical Coccus curved - rod shaped Vibrio Bacillus rod-shaped Spirillum helical HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS
- 22. How do bacteria reproduce and interact? Binary fission minutes 1.500 1.000 50 Time (in hours) 5 15 20 unfavourable growth of bacteria Environmental conditions Sporulation amount of bacteria (in millions) favourable resistant spores 0 30 60 90 HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS START
- 23. How do bacteria reproduce and interact? Binary fission minutes 1.500 1.000 50 time (in hours) 5 15 20 unfavourable growth of bacteria Environmental conditions Sporulation amount of bacteria (in millions) favourable resistant spores 0 30 60 90 HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS GO BACK
- 25. cell virus Viral infection process The virus enters the cell. Reproduction and assembly of viral components. New viruses leave the cell. 1 1 2 3 2 3 HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS
- 26. Are all microorganisms harmful? Beneficial microorganisms Harmful microorganisms intestinal flora food antibiotics pathogenic microorganisms spoilage decomposer microorganisms plankton illnesses HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS
- 27. Infection headache vomiting fever Illnesses caused by microorganisms Transmission sexual transmission in food or water in air skin Female Anopheles mosquito Plasmodium Malaria HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS Mortality of some infectious diseases
- 28. Illnesses caused by microorganisms Transmission sexual transmission in food or water in air skin Number of deaths per 100,000 inhabitants Pneumonia Tuberculosis Diarrhea 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 250 200 150 100 50 HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS GO BACK
- 29. Protection against infectious disease Resources Vaccines Antibiotics Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. Wash your hands before eating. Eat fresh food. Prevention vaccination penicillin Edward Jenner discovered vaccination. HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS
- 30. Interactive activity: Protoctists HOME HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS
- 31. Links HOME HOME RESOURCES CONTENTS CLOSE BACK ACTIVITY LINKS GO TO WEBSITE Microbe zoo GO TO WEBSITE Meet the microbes