The document discusses protists, which are eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi. It describes how endosymbiotic theory explains the origins of organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts from ancient prokaryotes. It then covers the four main groups of protists - protozoans, algae, fungi-like protists, and slime molds - and provides some examples of organisms from each group along with their characteristics.

1. Protists The world of Protists: Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists Fungus-like Protists

2. The endosymbiotic theory states that some eukaryotic organelles evolved from prokaryotes. For example, the mitochondrion, chloroplast, and other plastids originated as prokaryotic cells that came to reside within a host cell. They enabled the host cell to use sunlight as an energy source (the chloroplast) and use aerobic cellular respiration (the mitochondrion). In return, the host cell provided the necessary nutrients, a stable chemical environment, and protection. Evolutionary change eventually resulted in this relationship being obligate. Below: Heterotrophic prokaryotes that engulfed (or became infected by) photosynthetic prokaryotes were able to benefit by using the sugars produced using solar energy. The prokaryotes benefited by receiving necessary nutrients from their host cell. The chloroplast and other plastids evolved from this photosynthetic endosymbiont.

3. Protist Diversity 200,000 species come in different shapes, sizes, and colors All are eukaryotes – have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

4. Protozoans Animal-like Protists

5. Protozoans Unicellular – made up of one cell Heterotrophs – they eat other organisms or dead organic matter Classified by how they move

6. Phyla of Protozoans Amoebas Flagellates Ciliates Sporazoans

7. Amoebas : the blobs No cell wall Move using pseudopods – plasma extensions Engulf bits of food by flowing around and over them

11. Flagellates : the motorboats Use a whip-like extension called a flagella to move Some cause diseases

12. Trichomonas foetus : cow disease

13. Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD

14. Ciliates : the hairy ones Move beating tiny hairs called cilia

18. Sporazoans : the parasite Non-motile - Do not move Live inside a host One type causes malaria

19. Malaria in red blood cells

20. Pneumonia in aids patients

21. Algae Plantlike Protists

22. What are Algae? Multicellular – made of more than one cell Photosynthetic – make their own food No roots, stems, or leaves Each has chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments

23. Phyla of Algae Euglenoids Diatoms Dinoflagellates Red, Brown, & Green Algae

24. Euglenoids : The Survivors Aquatic Move around like animals Can ingest food from surroundings when light is not available

27. Diatoms : The Golden Ones Have shells made of silica (glass) Photosynthetic pigment called carotenoids – give them a golden color

30. Dinoflagellates : The Spinning Ones Spin around using two flagella Responsible for Red Tides Create toxins that can kill animals and sometimes people

34. Red Algae : The…uh…Red Ones (duh) Seaweeds Multicellular, marine organisms Have red and blue pigments

37. Brown Algae : The Brown Ones (You think?) They have air bladders to help them float at the surface – where the light is.

40. Green Algae : Yeah, You Guessed it, The Green Ones Most live in fresh water Can be unicellular or multicellular Live alone or in groups called colonies

43. Fungus-like Protists

44. Characteristics in Common All form delicate, netlike structures on the surface of their food source Obtain energy by decomposing organic material

46. Phyla of Fungus-like Protists Plasmodium Slime Molds Cellular Slime Molds Water Molds & Downy Mildews

47. Slime Molds Live in cool moist, shady places where they grow on damp, organic matter

48. Plasmodium Slime Molds Form plasmodium : a mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes – its feeding stage Creeps by amoeboid movement – 2.5 cm/hour

49. Plasmodium continued… May reach more than a meter in diameter Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry up Spores are dispersed by the wind and grow into new plasmodium

52. Cellular Slime Molds In feeding mode, they exist as individual amoebic cells When food becomes scarce, they come together with thousands of their own kind to reproduce May look like a plasmodium

56. Water Molds and Downy Mildews Live in water or moist places Feed on dead organisms or parasitize plants Fuzzy white growths

59. That’s All