This document discusses different types of rocks including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. It explains that igneous rocks form from solidified magma and can be extrusive or intrusive depending on their cooling rate. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed and cemented sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing changes in temperature and pressure. The rock cycle shows how the different rock types can transform into one another over time through geological processes.

1. EARTH: THE
LIVING PLANET
LPCNSHS-CAA Campus
G11-STEM
Ms. Jasmine Nikki M. Versoza

2. LET’S UNLOCK SOME WORDS!
IIOACGNNR
Inorganic: may or may not contain carbon
Examples: salt and carbon dioxide

3. LET’S UNLOCK SOME WORDS!
Organic: molecules associated with living organisms and
contains carbon and hydrogen
Examples: DNA, sucrose, methane
CAOGNRI

4. LET’S UNLOCK SOME WORDS!
CNAUUTLAMOIC
Accumulation: gathering or piling

5. LET’S UNLOCK SOME WORDS!
TRELEPCOA
Percolate: ability of liquid to slowly pass through a filter

6. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS
Rocks
 They are mixture of one or more minerals, glass,
and sometimes organic matter.
 Some rocks are shiny, some are flat and dull,
others are compact.
 Analyzing these differences can help us
understand how they were formed.
 They can also be defined as a naturally occurring
mass of solid or inorganic materials that formed a
significant part of the earth’s crust.

7. QUESTION 1
What will happen if
rocks don’t exist?

8. Types of Rocks
Igneous Rocks
 Also known as the fire-formed rocks
 They are formed from solidified molten
magma, which comes from beneath the
earth’s crust.
 They can be classified according to
texture and mineral constituents.

9. Types of Rocks
RATE OF COOLING and SIZE OF CRYSTALS
 Slow cooling enables the components of the
rocks to travel at great distances resulting to
the formation of large crystals.
 Rapid cooling results to quick combination
of rock components, thus, forming a solid
mass of small inter-grown crystals.

10. Types of Rocks
Igneous Rocks
 Extrusive or Volcanic Rock – crystallizes at
the surface (rapid cooling process)
Examples: andesite, basalt, and tuff
 Intrusive or Plutonic Rock – crystallizes
beneath the surface (slow cooling process)
Example: granite

12. Types of Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
 They are formed on or near the Earth’s
surface through the accumulation or
deposition of mineral particles.
 Particle size is very important to the
identification of sedimentary rocks.

14. Types of Rocks
Weathering and Erosion
 Processes that include the effects of wind
and rain, which slowly break down large
rocks into smaller ones.
 These processes transform boulders and
mountains into sediments, such as sand
or mud.

15. Types of Rocks
Lithification – the formation of rocks after
undergoing a series of compaction and cementation
of component parts.
 Compaction – as the sediments accumulate, the
pore spaces in between particles are reduced and
pressed closer to one another.
 Cementation – materials are carried in solution by
water which is percolating through the pore spaces
between particles, thus, filling up the open spaces.

16. Types of Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
 They undergone transformation
through heat, pressure, or chemical
change.
 As a result, the texture and mineral
composition of the rock has been
changed.

17. Types of Rocks
Metamophism
 Low grade metamorphism – rock is subjected
to pressure and temperature with slight
lithification.
 High grade metamorphism – rock is subjected
to extreme conditions, that is, close to melting
it.

19. Rock Cycle
 The rock cycle explains how one type of rock
can be transformed into another in nature.
 Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or
metamorphic rock.
 Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic
rock or igneous rock.
 Metamorphic rock can change into igneous rock or
sedimentary rock.

20. z
Rock Cycle
magma
sediments
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock
heat and pressure

21. ROCK COMPOSITION
 Granite is an igneous rock that contains
minerals biotite, quartz and felspar. If 10% of
this rock is biotite and 35% is quartz, what
percentage of the rock is feldspar?
 Limestone is a sedimentary rock containing
aragonite and calcite. If 95% of this rock is
calcite, what percentage is aragonite?

22. UP NEXT…
 Answer your learning activity
worksheet (LAW) week 4.
 Comment on my post in our fb group.