The document discusses magma and igneous rocks. It defines magma as geological material formed below Earth's surface through endogenic processes like volcanism and plutonism. It describes the properties and composition of magma and different types of igneous rocks, including their textures and how they are named based on their mineral content and cooling histories. Common igneous rock types are discussed like granite, rhyolite, diorite, andesite, gabbro and basalt. The role of tectonic processes in the formation and evolution of igneous rocks is also summarized.