This document provides a summary of earth materials including minerals, rocks, and geological processes. It describes the basic components of minerals and how their physical properties like crystal form, luster, color, hardness, and cleavage can be used for identification. The main rock types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - are introduced along with the rock cycle. Sedimentary rocks form through weathering, erosion, deposition and lithification. Igneous rocks form as magma cools and includes volcanic and plutonic examples. Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks through changes in temperature and pressure.