Types of research Designs
•Download as PPT, PDF•
12 likes•7,285 views
Types of research designs, Descriptive, exploratory, Causal designs. The differences and situation where these studies are being employed.. What should be the appropriate study in a given business situations.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Research, Types and objectives of research
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Research design
The document discusses research design, which is a framework that specifies the procedures needed to structure and solve a research problem. It defines the information required and outlines measurement, sampling, data collection, and analysis plans. The document compares exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs and cross-sectional vs longitudinal studies. Key factors like objectives, characteristics, findings, and outcomes are contrasted for different design types. Common errors in research are also outlined.
Identification & formulation of problem
This document discusses identifying and formulating research problems. It defines a research problem as a question a researcher wants to answer or a problem they want to solve. Identifying and formulating the research problem is the first step in the research process. The document outlines the components of a research problem, sources of problems, criteria for selection, steps in identifying problems, and dos and don'ts for selecting a problem. It emphasizes that formulating a problem well is important, and describes the steps in properly formulating a problem, including developing a title, conceptual model, objectives, and hypotheses.
Research Methodology
The document outlines key aspects of research methodology including:
1. The objectives of research such as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, and testing conclusions.
2. The different types of research including descriptive, applied, quantitative, conceptual, empirical, qualitative, fundamental, and analytical research.
3. The methods of collecting data including primary methods like questionnaires, observations, interviews, and schedules and secondary methods of collecting published and unpublished data from various sources.
Research design
The document discusses various types of research designs. It describes exploratory research design as research undertaken when little is known about a problem to gain background information and develop hypotheses. Descriptive research design aims to describe and measure phenomena at a point in time. Qualitative research design uses informal techniques to gather and analyze non-numerical data to understand perceptions and opinions. Interventional research design controls variables to test hypotheses and determine causal relationships.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research with economy in procedure.
It is a conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
Research Design
This document discusses research design and its importance. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analyzing data to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedures. The key parts of research design discussed are sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. A good research design considers features like means of obtaining information, researcher skills and resources, research objectives, and time and funding available. The document also covers important concepts in research design like variables, hypotheses, experimental and control groups, and treatments.
Steps in Research-Types of research-Types of Steps in Research-Types of resea...
This document discusses research methods and design. It defines research as a systematic, scientific investigation of a topic to discover new facts or test hypotheses. Research aims to contribute new knowledge through carefully defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The key objectives of research are exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing. Characteristics of good research include being directed, empirical, carefully recorded and reported. The common steps in research are formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, deciding design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting conclusions.
Recommended
Research, Types and objectives of research
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
Research design
The document discusses research design, which is a framework that specifies the procedures needed to structure and solve a research problem. It defines the information required and outlines measurement, sampling, data collection, and analysis plans. The document compares exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs and cross-sectional vs longitudinal studies. Key factors like objectives, characteristics, findings, and outcomes are contrasted for different design types. Common errors in research are also outlined.
Identification & formulation of problem
This document discusses identifying and formulating research problems. It defines a research problem as a question a researcher wants to answer or a problem they want to solve. Identifying and formulating the research problem is the first step in the research process. The document outlines the components of a research problem, sources of problems, criteria for selection, steps in identifying problems, and dos and don'ts for selecting a problem. It emphasizes that formulating a problem well is important, and describes the steps in properly formulating a problem, including developing a title, conceptual model, objectives, and hypotheses.
Research Methodology
The document outlines key aspects of research methodology including:
1. The objectives of research such as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, and testing conclusions.
2. The different types of research including descriptive, applied, quantitative, conceptual, empirical, qualitative, fundamental, and analytical research.
3. The methods of collecting data including primary methods like questionnaires, observations, interviews, and schedules and secondary methods of collecting published and unpublished data from various sources.
Research design
The document discusses various types of research designs. It describes exploratory research design as research undertaken when little is known about a problem to gain background information and develop hypotheses. Descriptive research design aims to describe and measure phenomena at a point in time. Qualitative research design uses informal techniques to gather and analyze non-numerical data to understand perceptions and opinions. Interventional research design controls variables to test hypotheses and determine causal relationships.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research with economy in procedure.
It is a conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
Research Design
This document discusses research design and its importance. It defines research design as the arrangement of conditions for collecting and analyzing data to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedures. The key parts of research design discussed are sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. A good research design considers features like means of obtaining information, researcher skills and resources, research objectives, and time and funding available. The document also covers important concepts in research design like variables, hypotheses, experimental and control groups, and treatments.
Steps in Research-Types of research-Types of Steps in Research-Types of resea...
This document discusses research methods and design. It defines research as a systematic, scientific investigation of a topic to discover new facts or test hypotheses. Research aims to contribute new knowledge through carefully defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, reaching conclusions, and testing conclusions. The key objectives of research are exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing. Characteristics of good research include being directed, empirical, carefully recorded and reported. The common steps in research are formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, deciding design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting conclusions.
Research methodology ppt babasab
The document discusses research methodology and defines research. It provides examples of what constitutes research and what does not. Research is defined as a systematic, logical process that includes understanding the problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and generalizing findings. The document also discusses types of research questions, purposes of research, and common challenges in conducting research.
Definition and types of research
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
1. It defines research as an organized and systematic process of finding answers to questions through a defined set of steps and procedures.
2. It discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, basic, applied, longitudinal, descriptive, classification, comparative, exploratory, explanatory, causal, theory testing, and theory building research.
3. It also discusses alternatives to research-based knowledge such as relying on authority, tradition, common sense, media, and personal experience.
Exploratory research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
This document discusses exploratory research, which is conducted when a problem has not been clearly defined. It often relies on secondary research like literature reviews or qualitative approaches like interviews. The purpose is to help determine the best research design and methods. Some key aspects of exploratory research discussed are using the internet for more interactive methods, focusing on understanding social phenomena, generating hypotheses, and exploring new topics or angles. Specific methods mentioned for implementing exploratory research include focus groups, secondary research, expert surveys, and open-ended questions.
Research Process and Research Design.
The document outlines the key steps in the research process, which are: 1) defining the research problem; 2) reviewing relevant literature; 3) formulating testable hypotheses; 4) developing a research design; 5) determining sample design; 6) collecting data; 7) analyzing data; 8) generalizing and interpreting results; and 9) writing a report or thesis. It also discusses different types of research designs including exploratory, descriptive, and causal designs and levels of measurement such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Common sources of error in measurement are issues with respondents, situational factors, flaws in measurement instruments, and errors in data handling.
Research Design- Significance of research
This document discusses the significance of research. It defines research as a logical and systematic search for new information to solve problems through objective analysis. Research is important in both scientific and non-scientific fields to find solutions to new problems and further knowledge. It promotes logical thinking and leads to progress through inquiry and invention. Research provides the basis for government policies, explains social phenomena, optimizes business problems, leads to new discoveries, and advances life.
Formulation of Research Problem
After study of this presentation you will be able to understand the importance of research problems and objectives and how to formulate them.
Reserch Methodolgy - research design
Research design involves planning how a research project will be conducted to ensure it is carried out in a systematic and organized manner. It helps researchers save time and resources by anticipating problems and decisions in advance. A good research design specifies the objectives of the study, how data will be collected and analyzed, and how findings will be reported. Key elements of research design include sampling, observations, statistics, and operational plans to implement the methodology. The design chosen depends on whether the goal is exploratory, descriptive, or causal research.
Data analysis & interpretation
The data, collected for research, has to be processed, analyzed and interpreted to develop a solution to the research question.
Data analysis is a practice in which unorganized or unfinished data is ordered and organized so that useful information can be extracted from it.
It is the most enjoyable part of carrying out the research since after all of the hard works and waiting the researcher gets the chance to find out the answers. So analyzing the data and interpreting the results are the “reward” for the work of collecting the data.
Types of exploratory research design
This document discusses various methods of exploratory marketing research. It defines exploratory research as initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of a problem without providing conclusive evidence. Some common exploratory research methods discussed include secondary data analysis, expert surveys, case studies/ethnographies, pilot studies, and focus groups. The document provides examples and details about how and why each of these methods may be used in exploratory marketing research.
Research Design
This document discusses research design and methods for collecting data. It begins by defining a research design as the conceptual structure for conducting research that aims to balance relevance and economy. The key components of a research design are then outlined, including the research problem, data collection procedures, population, and data analysis methods. The document also discusses types of research designs such as exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs. It provides details on methods for collecting primary data, such as experiments, surveys, observation, and interviews. Secondary data collection from published sources is also mentioned.
Exploratory Research Design
Exploratory research design, also known as formative research, is used when the researcher is unfamiliar with the problem. It aims to discover new ideas and insights through flexible and unstructured methods like literature reviews, experience surveys, and case analyses. These methods help define the problem and form hypotheses for further investigation through more structured research.
SECONDARY DATA
This document discusses secondary data - data originally collected by someone other than the user. It defines secondary data and lists common sources like censuses and government/organizational records. The purposes of secondary data are extracting relevant information, fact finding, model building, and data mining. Criteria for evaluating secondary data include specifications, error, currency, objectives, nature, and dependability. Secondary data is advantageous as it is economical, time saving, and helps focus primary data collection. However, disadvantages are that secondary data may not fit the research factors and accuracy is unknown. Secondary data can be used to identify problems, better define problems, develop research approaches, formulate research designs, and help interpret primary data.
Research Introduction , Meaning, Objectives, Motives and Types
This document discusses research methodology and defines key concepts. It explains that research methodology is a systematic plan for conducting research and involves gathering and analyzing data to establish facts and reach new conclusions. The objectives of research methodology include gaining familiarity with phenomena, accurately describing characteristics, determining frequencies of occurrences, and testing hypotheses about causal relationships. Research aims to solve problems and discover hidden truths. People undertake research for degrees, solving problems, intellectual enjoyment, service, and respectability. The document outlines different types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical.
data collection primary and secondary
This document discusses data collection methods for research. It defines primary and secondary data. Primary data is originally collected by the researcher, such as through surveys or interviews, while secondary data was previously collected by someone else, such as published reports. The document outlines various methods for collecting primary data quantitatively and qualitatively. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using primary versus secondary data sources for research.
Secondary data
Research methodology - Secondary data: characteristics, importance, sources, advantages and disadvantages
Types of research
This document discusses different types of research methodologies. It describes the key differences between descriptive and analytical research, applied and fundamental research, qualitative and quantitative research, and conceptual and empirical research. Descriptive research involves surveys and fact-finding to describe current phenomena, while analytical research determines the validity of hypotheses through analysis. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, whereas fundamental research satisfies intellectual curiosity. Qualitative research is non-numerical while quantitative research relies on measurements and statistics. Conceptual research develops new ideas through reasoning, and empirical research is based on verifiable data from observation or experimentation.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
There are several types of research methods described in the document. Exploratory research gathers preliminary information to define a problem through secondary data review and qualitative interviews. Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics of people or environments. Research can be cross-sectional, collecting data at a point in time, or longitudinal, studying a sample over intervals. Conclusive research tests hypotheses quantitatively while fundamental research expands knowledge without immediate applications. Qualitative research explores reasons and motivations through discussion while quantitative research generalizes statistically from samples.
Exploratory Research Design - Meaning and Methods
This ppt contains Exploratory Research Design which covers Introduction to Exploratory Research, Meaning of Exploratory Research, Techniques of Exploratory Research, Examples of Exploratory Research, Methods of Designing Exploratory Research
Types of business research methods
This document discusses different types of research including:
- Descriptive vs analytical research, with descriptive focusing on describing current states and analytical focusing on explaining causes and relationships.
- Applied vs fundamental research, with applied aiming to solve practical problems and fundamental focusing on building general theories.
- Quantitative vs qualitative research, with quantitative relying on numerical data and qualitative focusing on underlying motives.
- Conceptual vs empirical research, with conceptual related to theories and empirical based on observation and experimentation.
Data Collection-Primary & Secondary
This presentation discusses primary and secondary data collection methods. It begins by defining primary data as original data collected specifically for the research purpose, such as through surveys and interviews. Secondary data refers to data previously collected by others, such as published sources. Both data types are useful but have tradeoffs - primary data directly addresses the research question while secondary data is easier to obtain but may not be specific. The presentation provides examples of primary and secondary data collection techniques and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Historical research
Historical research involves systematically collecting and analyzing past data and evidence to understand and explain events or actions. It has several purposes, including helping people learn from the past, understanding present practices, and testing hypotheses. The key steps are defining the research problem, locating primary and secondary sources, summarizing and evaluating the sources, and presenting interpretations of the information. Historical research allows investigation of topics not possible through other methods but also has disadvantages like an inability to control for threats to validity from the past.
Ppt on Small Industries Development Bank of India
1) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) is a financial institution established in 1990 to aid the growth and development of micro, small and medium enterprises in India.
2) SIDBI aims to promote, finance, and develop small businesses through financing, promotion, development, and coordination activities. It provides loans for equipment, working capital, and work sheds.
3) SIDBI's mission is to facilitate and strengthen credit flow to small businesses and address financial and developmental gaps. Its vision is to be a single window for meeting small business needs and to enhance shareholder wealth through technology.
More Related Content
What's hot
Research methodology ppt babasab
The document discusses research methodology and defines research. It provides examples of what constitutes research and what does not. Research is defined as a systematic, logical process that includes understanding the problem, reviewing literature, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and generalizing findings. The document also discusses types of research questions, purposes of research, and common challenges in conducting research.
Definition and types of research
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
1. It defines research as an organized and systematic process of finding answers to questions through a defined set of steps and procedures.
2. It discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, basic, applied, longitudinal, descriptive, classification, comparative, exploratory, explanatory, causal, theory testing, and theory building research.
3. It also discusses alternatives to research-based knowledge such as relying on authority, tradition, common sense, media, and personal experience.
Exploratory research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
This document discusses exploratory research, which is conducted when a problem has not been clearly defined. It often relies on secondary research like literature reviews or qualitative approaches like interviews. The purpose is to help determine the best research design and methods. Some key aspects of exploratory research discussed are using the internet for more interactive methods, focusing on understanding social phenomena, generating hypotheses, and exploring new topics or angles. Specific methods mentioned for implementing exploratory research include focus groups, secondary research, expert surveys, and open-ended questions.
Research Process and Research Design.
The document outlines the key steps in the research process, which are: 1) defining the research problem; 2) reviewing relevant literature; 3) formulating testable hypotheses; 4) developing a research design; 5) determining sample design; 6) collecting data; 7) analyzing data; 8) generalizing and interpreting results; and 9) writing a report or thesis. It also discusses different types of research designs including exploratory, descriptive, and causal designs and levels of measurement such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Common sources of error in measurement are issues with respondents, situational factors, flaws in measurement instruments, and errors in data handling.
Research Design- Significance of research
This document discusses the significance of research. It defines research as a logical and systematic search for new information to solve problems through objective analysis. Research is important in both scientific and non-scientific fields to find solutions to new problems and further knowledge. It promotes logical thinking and leads to progress through inquiry and invention. Research provides the basis for government policies, explains social phenomena, optimizes business problems, leads to new discoveries, and advances life.
Formulation of Research Problem
After study of this presentation you will be able to understand the importance of research problems and objectives and how to formulate them.
Reserch Methodolgy - research design
Research design involves planning how a research project will be conducted to ensure it is carried out in a systematic and organized manner. It helps researchers save time and resources by anticipating problems and decisions in advance. A good research design specifies the objectives of the study, how data will be collected and analyzed, and how findings will be reported. Key elements of research design include sampling, observations, statistics, and operational plans to implement the methodology. The design chosen depends on whether the goal is exploratory, descriptive, or causal research.
Data analysis & interpretation
The data, collected for research, has to be processed, analyzed and interpreted to develop a solution to the research question.
Data analysis is a practice in which unorganized or unfinished data is ordered and organized so that useful information can be extracted from it.
It is the most enjoyable part of carrying out the research since after all of the hard works and waiting the researcher gets the chance to find out the answers. So analyzing the data and interpreting the results are the “reward” for the work of collecting the data.
Types of exploratory research design
This document discusses various methods of exploratory marketing research. It defines exploratory research as initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of a problem without providing conclusive evidence. Some common exploratory research methods discussed include secondary data analysis, expert surveys, case studies/ethnographies, pilot studies, and focus groups. The document provides examples and details about how and why each of these methods may be used in exploratory marketing research.
Research Design
This document discusses research design and methods for collecting data. It begins by defining a research design as the conceptual structure for conducting research that aims to balance relevance and economy. The key components of a research design are then outlined, including the research problem, data collection procedures, population, and data analysis methods. The document also discusses types of research designs such as exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs. It provides details on methods for collecting primary data, such as experiments, surveys, observation, and interviews. Secondary data collection from published sources is also mentioned.
Exploratory Research Design
Exploratory research design, also known as formative research, is used when the researcher is unfamiliar with the problem. It aims to discover new ideas and insights through flexible and unstructured methods like literature reviews, experience surveys, and case analyses. These methods help define the problem and form hypotheses for further investigation through more structured research.
SECONDARY DATA
This document discusses secondary data - data originally collected by someone other than the user. It defines secondary data and lists common sources like censuses and government/organizational records. The purposes of secondary data are extracting relevant information, fact finding, model building, and data mining. Criteria for evaluating secondary data include specifications, error, currency, objectives, nature, and dependability. Secondary data is advantageous as it is economical, time saving, and helps focus primary data collection. However, disadvantages are that secondary data may not fit the research factors and accuracy is unknown. Secondary data can be used to identify problems, better define problems, develop research approaches, formulate research designs, and help interpret primary data.
Research Introduction , Meaning, Objectives, Motives and Types
This document discusses research methodology and defines key concepts. It explains that research methodology is a systematic plan for conducting research and involves gathering and analyzing data to establish facts and reach new conclusions. The objectives of research methodology include gaining familiarity with phenomena, accurately describing characteristics, determining frequencies of occurrences, and testing hypotheses about causal relationships. Research aims to solve problems and discover hidden truths. People undertake research for degrees, solving problems, intellectual enjoyment, service, and respectability. The document outlines different types of research including descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical.
data collection primary and secondary
This document discusses data collection methods for research. It defines primary and secondary data. Primary data is originally collected by the researcher, such as through surveys or interviews, while secondary data was previously collected by someone else, such as published reports. The document outlines various methods for collecting primary data quantitatively and qualitatively. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using primary versus secondary data sources for research.
Secondary data
Research methodology - Secondary data: characteristics, importance, sources, advantages and disadvantages
Types of research
This document discusses different types of research methodologies. It describes the key differences between descriptive and analytical research, applied and fundamental research, qualitative and quantitative research, and conceptual and empirical research. Descriptive research involves surveys and fact-finding to describe current phenomena, while analytical research determines the validity of hypotheses through analysis. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, whereas fundamental research satisfies intellectual curiosity. Qualitative research is non-numerical while quantitative research relies on measurements and statistics. Conceptual research develops new ideas through reasoning, and empirical research is based on verifiable data from observation or experimentation.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
There are several types of research methods described in the document. Exploratory research gathers preliminary information to define a problem through secondary data review and qualitative interviews. Descriptive research aims to describe characteristics of people or environments. Research can be cross-sectional, collecting data at a point in time, or longitudinal, studying a sample over intervals. Conclusive research tests hypotheses quantitatively while fundamental research expands knowledge without immediate applications. Qualitative research explores reasons and motivations through discussion while quantitative research generalizes statistically from samples.
Exploratory Research Design - Meaning and Methods
This ppt contains Exploratory Research Design which covers Introduction to Exploratory Research, Meaning of Exploratory Research, Techniques of Exploratory Research, Examples of Exploratory Research, Methods of Designing Exploratory Research
Types of business research methods
This document discusses different types of research including:
- Descriptive vs analytical research, with descriptive focusing on describing current states and analytical focusing on explaining causes and relationships.
- Applied vs fundamental research, with applied aiming to solve practical problems and fundamental focusing on building general theories.
- Quantitative vs qualitative research, with quantitative relying on numerical data and qualitative focusing on underlying motives.
- Conceptual vs empirical research, with conceptual related to theories and empirical based on observation and experimentation.
Data Collection-Primary & Secondary
This presentation discusses primary and secondary data collection methods. It begins by defining primary data as original data collected specifically for the research purpose, such as through surveys and interviews. Secondary data refers to data previously collected by others, such as published sources. Both data types are useful but have tradeoffs - primary data directly addresses the research question while secondary data is easier to obtain but may not be specific. The presentation provides examples of primary and secondary data collection techniques and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
What's hot (20)
Exploratory research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
Exploratory research - Research Methodology - Manu Melwin Joy
Research Introduction , Meaning, Objectives, Motives and Types
Research Introduction , Meaning, Objectives, Motives and Types
Viewers also liked
Historical research
Historical research involves systematically collecting and analyzing past data and evidence to understand and explain events or actions. It has several purposes, including helping people learn from the past, understanding present practices, and testing hypotheses. The key steps are defining the research problem, locating primary and secondary sources, summarizing and evaluating the sources, and presenting interpretations of the information. Historical research allows investigation of topics not possible through other methods but also has disadvantages like an inability to control for threats to validity from the past.
Ppt on Small Industries Development Bank of India
1) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) is a financial institution established in 1990 to aid the growth and development of micro, small and medium enterprises in India.
2) SIDBI aims to promote, finance, and develop small businesses through financing, promotion, development, and coordination activities. It provides loans for equipment, working capital, and work sheds.
3) SIDBI's mission is to facilitate and strengthen credit flow to small businesses and address financial and developmental gaps. Its vision is to be a single window for meeting small business needs and to enhance shareholder wealth through technology.
Historical Research
The document discusses various aspects of historical research including:
1. The definition and areas of history as well as views on the value of historical research.
2. Historical research as a modern undertaking aimed primarily at critical search for truth.
3. The characteristics of contemporary historical research including methods such as formulating problems, gathering sources, and criticizing sources both externally and internally.
4. The strengths and limitations of historical research in only providing a partial view of the past based on surviving records.
Research approach
The document discusses different research approaches including postpositivism, constructivism, transformative, and pragmatism worldviews. It provides an overview of the key components, principles, and comparisons of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. Quantitative approaches are tested through experiments and seek to generalize findings while qualitative approaches aim to understand meanings in context through discovery and exploration. Mixed methods combine deductive and inductive logic to get a multifaceted understanding of research problems. The criteria for selecting an approach depends on the problem, purpose, resources, and intended audience of the study.
Queuing theory
Queuing theory analyzes systems where customers wait in line for services. The key components of a queuing system are the input source (customers arriving), the service system (facilities providing service), and the queue discipline (order customers are served in). Common examples include lines at banks, grocery stores, and gas stations. Queuing models can have single or multiple servers and queues, and examine how changing factors like service rates, number of servers, or arrival patterns impact wait times.
Simulation theory
The document discusses simulation theory and the Monte Carlo method of simulation. It defines simulation as imitating reality and explains that simulation is used to understand complex systems when real experimentation is not possible or analytical solutions are unknown. It describes the Monte Carlo method as using probability distributions and random numbers to simulate random systems. The key steps are: (1) obtaining variable probabilities from data, (2) converting to cumulative probabilities, (3) generating random numbers, (4) mapping random numbers to probability intervals to determine outcomes, and (5) repeating simulations. An example demonstrates using cumulative probabilities and random numbers to simulate daily cake demand for a bakery.
Plant location and layout
factors that must be considered at the time of deciding about plant location. How to locate the machines and equipments in plants.
Study on consumer perception towards Public Transports
This document analyzes passenger perceptions of driver and conductor behavior for the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (U.P.S.R.T.C.) through a descriptive study. A random sample of 50 people above age 18 in Noida and Greater Noida were surveyed using questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that most respondents use public transport and find driver/conductor behavior good, though some think it needs improvement. Over a third would pay more for better U.P.S.R.T.C. services. Suggestions include increasing bus availability, improving driver/conductor behavior and training, and providing better medical facilities and compensation.
Game theory
Game theory is the study of how optimal strategies are formulated in conflict situations involving two or more rational opponents with competing interests. It considers how the strategies of one player will impact the outcomes for others. Game theory models classify games based on the number of players, whether the total payoff is zero-sum, and the types of strategies used. The minimax-maximin principle provides a way to determine optimal strategies without knowing the opponent's strategy by having each player maximize their minimum payoff or minimize their maximum loss. A saddle point exists when the maximin and minimax values are equal, indicating optimal strategies for both players.
Operation research complete note
The document provides an overview of operations research techniques. It discusses:
- Operations research aims to improve decision-making through methods like simulation, optimization, and data analysis.
- Major applications include production scheduling, inventory control, transportation planning, and more.
- The techniques were developed in World War II and are now used widely in business for problems like resource allocation, forecasting, and process improvement.
Gender school and society
Gender refers to the roles and responsibilities of men and women that are created in our families, our societies and our cultures. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). Gender roles and expectations are learned. They can change over time and they vary within and between cultures. Systems of social differentiation such as political status, class, ethnicity, physical and mental disability, age and more, modify gender roles. The concept of gender is vital because, applied to social analysis, it reveals how women’s subordination (or men’s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined nor is it fixed forever.
Unit 4 or
This document discusses sequencing problems and queuing theory. It defines sequencing problems as determining the optimal order of jobs processed on machines to minimize total time. It describes different types of sequencing problems involving various numbers of jobs and machines. The document then provides algorithms for solving sequencing problems with two machines and more than two machines. It also discusses queuing theory concepts like arrival patterns, service mechanisms, queue discipline, and queuing models like M/M/1.
Payback model of risk management by Dr. B. J. Mohite
Risk analysis is the process of defining and analyzing potential threats and losses from natural or human-caused events. There are several statistical and conventional techniques used for risk analysis, including probability, variance, coefficient of variation, payback period, risk-adjusted discount rate, and certainty equivalent. Probability estimates the likelihood of an event occurring based on observations. Variance and standard deviation measure how returns deviate from expected losses. The coefficient of variation is a relative risk measure that accounts for standard deviation and expected value. [END SUMMARY]
Managerial Decision Making by Dr. B. J. Mohite
Decision making, Importance of
Decision-Making, Characteristics of
Decision-Making, Essentials for effective
Decision-Making, Types/ categories of Problems and Decisions, TYPES OF BUSINESS DECISIONS, Open decision making System, Decision Making Environment, The Classical Model of decision making, Decision making process, Decision Making Style
Pedagogy of science
OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING SCIENCE
Education is a process of bringing about changes in an individual in a desired direction. It is a process of helping a child to develop his potentialities to the maximum and to bring out the best from within the child. To bring about these changes we teach them various subjects at different levels of school. Science as subject is included in the school curriculum from the very beginning.
Before taking any decision about teaching science we should pose certain questions to ourselves, such as,
• Why do we teach them science?
• What are the goals and objectives of teaching science?
• What changes does science teaching bring about in the behaviour of the students?
Functional Modules of ERP By Dr. B. J. Mohite
Business & Functional Modules of ERP Software, Material Management Module, Purchase module, Sales & distribution module
Project management cpm-pert
CPM and PERT for scheduling of projects. Deterministic and probabilistic times, crashing of networks..
Queuing theory
Queuing theory describes the analysis of waiting lines in customer service systems. It examines issues like optimal staffing levels and expected wait times. The key components of a queuing system include the input source (customers), the service system (servers), and queue discipline (order of service). Common configurations include single or multiple servers with single or multiple queues. Service can be characterized by rate (customers served per time unit) or time (time to serve each customer). The M/M/1 model assumes arrivals follow a Poisson process, service times are exponentially distributed, and there is one server following a first-come, first-served queue discipline. This model provides formulas to calculate statistics like average wait time based on arrival and service rates
Function Point Analysis (FPA) by Dr. B. J. Mohite
Activities During Software Project Management, Process For Successful Projects, categories of functional units, Counting function points, Computing function points
Greedy method by Dr. B. J. Mohite
The document describes the greedy method algorithm design technique. It works in steps, selecting the best available option at each step until all options are exhausted. Many problems can be formulated as finding a feasible subset that optimizes an objective function. A greedy algorithm works in stages, making locally optimal choices at each stage to arrive at a global optimal solution. Several examples are provided to illustrate greedy algorithms for problems like change making, machine scheduling, container loading, knapsack problem, job sequencing with deadlines, and single-source shortest paths. Pseudocode is given for some of the greedy algorithms.
Viewers also liked (20)
Study on consumer perception towards Public Transports
Study on consumer perception towards Public Transports
Payback model of risk management by Dr. B. J. Mohite
Payback model of risk management by Dr. B. J. Mohite
Similar to Types of research Designs
Problem Definition in research design
How to define research situation and problems that would be persuaded to describe a situation. How to define objectives of the research.
Marketing Research
This document provides an overview of marketing research. It defines marketing research and discusses its uses, including understanding customer needs, developing and testing strategies, and evaluating programs. Several examples of marketing research topics are given. The key stages of the marketing research process are outlined, including problem definition, research design, data collection and analysis. Common pitfalls are also mentioned.
Marketing research process
The presentation gives some idea for the persons who are new to the "Marketing Research Process". It explains the entire process that is being processed in this Marketing Research Process.
Mike Roe Creating Client Value
This document discusses the role of process in market research and creating client value. It outlines how market research can help with new product development, customer satisfaction studies, advertising testing, and more. It emphasizes that research should be used for illumination rather than support, and cautions against using it with an insufficient budget, time, or when it cannot influence decision making. The document also stresses that defining clear objectives and action standards is important for clients to get better value from research.
Marketing research (1)
This document discusses marketing research and the marketing research process. It begins by defining key customer groups and environmental factors that influence marketing. It then discusses the role of marketing research in providing information to marketing managers for decision making. The marketing research process involves problem definition, research design, data collection and analysis, and recommendations. Exploratory, descriptive and causal research designs are described. The document also covers sampling design and different types of marketing research data.
Research CHap 4
This document provides an overview of the business research process. It discusses the different types of research (exploratory, descriptive, causal), how the degree of problem definition influences the type of research, and examples of each type. It also outlines the key stages of the research process: problem discovery and definition, research design, sampling, data gathering, data analysis, and reporting conclusions. The goal is to move from exploratory research when a problem is not well defined to descriptive and then causal research as understanding increases.
business research process, design and proposal
By
Dr. Muhammad Ramzan
mramzaninfo@gmail.com,
03004487844
Edited by Ahsan Khan Eco
ahsankhaneco@yahoo.com
03008046243
Brm ch04-business-resrarch-process (3)
The document discusses the stages of the business research process which includes problem discovery and definition, research design, sampling, data gathering, data processing and analysis, and conclusions and reporting. It describes exploratory, descriptive, and causal research and explains their purposes. Exploratory research is used to gain initial understanding of problems, descriptive research answers who, what, when, where, and how questions, and causal research identifies cause-and-effect relationships.
Mardis de l'AIGx - Patrick DENIS
Marketing research is a systematic process used to gather and analyze information to help companies make better business decisions. It involves both secondary and primary research. Secondary research involves reviewing existing information from sources like company files, publications and online databases. Primary research involves directly collecting new information through methods like interviews, surveys and focus groups. A key part of any marketing research project is developing a clear brief that specifies the business problem and desired outcomes. This will help ensure the research provides actionable insights and recommendations to guide decision making.
Introduction to marketing research
1. The document introduces marketing research and outlines its key concepts, functions, features, importance, scope and process.
2. Marketing research involves gathering and analyzing data to help companies make better decisions regarding products, pricing, distribution and promotion.
3. The marketing research process involves defining the problem, designing the research, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings to aid decision making. The goal is to provide accurate information to reduce risks and improve business performance.
Ppt.file
Sajan Kumar submitted a presentation on marketing research to the CEO of XYZ Company. The presentation covered topics such as the introduction and objectives of marketing research, the marketing research process, functions and importance of marketing research, different types of marketing research methods, features and limitations of marketing research. The objectives of marketing research included identifying customer responses, needs, and problems to help companies introduce new products and improve existing ones.
Marketing in Technology-Based Businesses
This document provides an overview of key concepts for developing an effective marketing strategy and conducting market analysis for a technology-based business. It discusses analyzing the target audience, developing a marketing plan, conducting secondary market research to understand the market size and competitive landscape, defining a company's unique value propositions for different market segments, and analyzing competitors. The goal is to help businesses properly research the market, differentiate their offerings, identify target customers, and develop a strategic marketing approach.
Business Research Ch 1
The document discusses the role and importance of business research. It defines business research as the systematic process of generating objective information to aid business decisions. Business research can be basic or applied. Basic research expands knowledge without addressing specific problems, while applied research addresses real-life business problems. The document also outlines factors to consider when determining whether to conduct business research such as time constraints, data availability, decision importance, and costs versus benefits.
Ch01
Business research involves systematically gathering objective information to aid business decision making. There are two main types of research: basic research which expands knowledge without addressing a specific problem, and applied research which investigates real-life business problems. Determining when to conduct business research involves considering time constraints, available data, the importance of the decision, and whether benefits outweigh costs.
3 marketing research
This document provides an overview of decision support systems and marketing research. It discusses key concepts such as marketing intelligence, decision support systems, marketing databases, and the roles and steps of marketing research. The three main roles of marketing research are described as descriptive, diagnostic, and predictive. Various research methods like surveys, experiments, observation, and secondary data are also summarized.
Business Research Methods Unit 1 notes
Business research methods are systematic activities undertaken to increase knowledge. Research is needed to make informed business decisions and solve problems. Good research is guided by a clear question or problem, has a specific plan, interprets data to resolve the issue, and is cyclical in nature. Decision support systems and business intelligence systems help managers make decisions by providing access to large data volumes and using analytical models to identify patterns and trends. These systems support a variety of decision processes without making the final decision.
Research design
Here are the key questions you need to answer and sources of secondary data that could help:
1. Where is your target market located? (census data on demographics, income levels by neighborhood)
2. What competitors are in the area and where are they located? (business directories, competitor websites)
3. What is traffic and commuting patterns in the area? (traffic studies, municipal planning reports)
4. What retail clusters or shopping areas already exist? (commercial real estate listings and reports, municipal land use and zoning maps)
5. What properties/locations are available? (commercial real estate listings)
Sources of secondary data include:
- Census data
- Traffic/
B Qu Transforming Data Into Competitive Advantage
The document discusses transforming data into competitive advantage through good market and information practices. It outlines the benefits of clear analysis based on good data and sharing information within an organization. Key points include focusing data gathering on uniquely valuable information, having a simple process for data management and distribution, and keeping analysis focused on objectives and conclusions needed for decision making.
6. BRM - Prof Pravesh Padamwar-1.pdf
The document provides an overview of business research methods. It discusses the business research process which includes defining problems and opportunities, developing ideas and theories, generating and evaluating alternatives, collecting and analyzing data, reporting findings, and monitoring performance. It also discusses different types of business research such as market research, operations research, and financial research. Research design approaches like exploratory, descriptive, and causal research are explained. Key concepts in research such as constructs, hypotheses, literature review, and use of secondary data are also summarized.
Data Analysis - Approach & Techniques
Data analysis involves extracting meaningful insights from raw data through visualization, organization, extraction of intelligence, and analysis. It involves the following key steps:
1) Extracting raw data from various sources and organizing it
2) Analyzing the organized data using techniques like regression analysis, time series analysis, and cluster analysis to identify patterns and relationships
3) Interpreting the analysis to derive meaningful and actionable insights that can inform business decisions
Similar to Types of research Designs (20)
More from Abu Bashar
Rationalization Of Electricity Consumption In Bahrain.pptx
This document discusses electricity rationalization in Bahrain. It defines rationalization as a process of reorganization to boost efficiency without compromising well-being. In Bahrain, 50% of electricity is consumed residentially. Despite global decreases, Bahrain has high per capita consumption. The government has initiated programs like replacing incandescent bulbs with LEDs to reduce consumption from the current 19,592 kWh per capita. The future aims to make electricity production and distribution more efficient through these initiatives.
Health and physical education
DEFINITION “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”. -WHO (1948)
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
BIOMEDICAL: - Absence of disease. Person free from disease is considered as healthy
ECOLOGICAL: - Dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment = health. Maladjustment of humans to environment = disease
PSYCHOLOGICAL: - Development of social sciences revealed that health is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors.
HOLISTIC: - Synthesis of all other concepts. Sound mind in a sound body, in a sound family, in sound environment
DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH
• PHYSICAL
• MENTAL
• SOCIAL
• SPIRITUAL
• EMOTIONAL
• VOCATIONAL
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Pedagogy of biological science
The science which deals with the study of living objects is called Biology. Thus the subject involves the studies of all kinds of micro-organisms, plants and animals. Biology is related to mankind ever since the origin of man, therefore this branch of science stands first in order of studies as compared to other branches of science. Ever since the origin of life man is eager to know about various phenomenon of life processes such as health and disease, birth, growth and death. However, man depends on plants and animals for food, shelter and clothing which are immediate needs of life, come from Biology. Perhaps it was the elementary need of man to know about the living beings, so that maximum benefits can be drawn out of them. Though biology involves study of life, but now a days it is mostly centralised with the study of agriculture, animal husbandry, health and microbiology and related branches. Today study of any branch of science is not possible in isolation as it also involves principles of physics, chemistry and various other branches.
Knowledge and curriculum
Chamber of dictionary answer the question for what is knowledge is (i) as the fact of knowing, (ii) information or what is known; (iii) the whole of what can be learned or found out. Further, it also knowledge as assured belief, that which is known, information, instruction, enlightenment, learning, practical skill and acquaintance. Considering all the above that are worthy of knowing. A term widely used by teachers, educators and policy makers is concept of knowledge and it refers to the body of information that teachers teach and that students are expected to learn in a given subject or content area such as English, Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, or Social Studies. Concept of knowledge generally refers to the facts, concepts, theories and principles that are taught and learned rather than related to skills such as reading, writing, or researching that student also learns in academic courses.
Knowledge is not truth. Truth is inferred on the bases of available knowledge. The truth about the universe around us or the macrocosm to the microcosm is inferred knowledge. The knowledge of galaxy is inferred; so is the whole nuclear science, space, DNA etc,. Much of what we knew is not observed knowledge. They are known through their effects, properties, and characteristics. It is at the stage of inference that employment of methods for drawing inferences that philosophy is at work. Knowledge certified by the philosophy enters the curriculum of education. Methods approved by philosophy for building knowledge from the bases of methods and techniques of teaching. The truth arrived by philosophy sets the goals and objectives of education as well as instruments and uses of evaluation. Like this knowledge helps philosophy to interpret, guide, monitor and validating the educational process at every stages.
Business Intelligence
Business analytics is a custom of transforming the data into business understandings enabling the end users for better decision-making. By using the modern tools and techniques, business analytics can help assess complex situations, consider all the available options, and predict outcomes and showcase critical risks for the decision makers.
Business Analytics can simply be described as a practice that includes the use of various techniques such as Data warehousing, Data mining, Programming in order to visualize and discover several patterns or trends in data. In simple, Analytics help convert the data into useful information, which can be used for decision-making. As a means of sorting through data to find useful information, the application of analytics has found new purpose
Inclusive education & School
Inclusive education is educating ALL students in age-appropriate general education classes in their neighborhood schools, with high quality instruction, interventions and supports so all students can be successful in the core curriculum. Inclusive schools have a collaborative and respectful school culture where students with disabilities are presumed to be competent, develop positive social relationships with peers, and are fully participating members of the school community. Inclusive education has grown from the belief that education is a basic human right and that it provides the foundation for a more just society. All learners have a right to education, regardless of their individual characteristics or difficulties. Inclusive education initiatives often have a particular focus on those groups, which, in the past, have been excluded from educational opportunities.
Assessments for learning -B.ed Second year notes
Understand the nature of assessment and evaluation and their role in teaching-learning process.
2. Understand the perspectives of different schools of learning on learning assessment
3. Realise the need for school based and authentic assessment
4. Examine the contextual roles of different forms of assessment in schools
5. Understand the different dimensions of learning and the related assessment procedures, tools and techniques
6. Develop assessment tasks and tools to assess learners performance
7. Analyse, manage, and interpret assessment data
8. Analyse the reporting procedures of learners performance in schools
9. Develop indicators to assess learners performance on different types of tasks
10. Examine the issues and concerns of assessment and evaluation practices in schools
11. Understand the policy perspectives on examinations and evaluation and their implementation practices
12. Traces the technology bases assessment practices and other trends at the international level
E satisfaction e-loyalty of consumers shopping online
With the advent of information technologies and emergence of online stores, the
online shopping has not been the same as it was in the past. Now in order to strive
in this cut throat competition it is of vital importance for the organizations to
understand the factors that matter for consumers when they shop online. As the
competition in e-commerce is intensified, it becomes more important for online
retailers to understand the antecedents of consumer acceptance of online
shopping. Such knowledge is essential to customer relationship management,
which has been recognized as an effective business strategy to achieve success
in the electronic market. The current research study is an effort to understand
the satisfaction and loyalty pattern for the consumers shopping online. The objective
of this research is to study the impact of emotional state and perceived risk of
remote purchase on e-satisfaction during the Internet shopping. As well, it aims
to study the influence of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty. The data gathering was carried
out by a questionnaire. The results show that three dimensions of the emotional
state during Internet shopping (the pleasure, stimulation and dominance) have a
significant positive impact on e-satisfaction. Dimensions of the perceived risk of
remote purchase, (the total risk, the financial risk, the social risk, the
psychological risk, the functional risk, and the physical risk) don't have a significant
impact on e-satisfaction, except the risk of loss of time has a negative impact.
Finally satisfaction influences positively and significantly the e-loyalty of the cyber
consumers.
Impulse buying behaviour
The main purpose of the paper is to determine the correlation of consumers’ demographic factors on
the impulse buying behavior with respect to a number of single impulsivity indicators and one collective
indicator. The paper consists of theoretical and research aspects. The first part encompasses theoretical
insights into the secondary research regarding impulse buying while the practical part presents the
methodology and primary research results. With respect to the subject matter, research goals as well as
previous findings and primary research results, corresponding hypotheses were set and mainly confirmed.
Inter variable correlation and regression analysis has been performed to test the hypothesis. The results
showed that demographic factors, such as the disposable income and age, are related to most impulse
buying indicators and to the impulsivity collective indicator. However, educational qualification and
gender produced marginal association with impulsive buying behavior. The paper also summarizes
research limitations as well as the work contribution and future research guidelines.
Role and importance of language in the curriculum
The language is always believed to play a central role in learning. No matter what the subject area, students assimilate new concepts when they listen, talk, read and write about what they are learning. Speaking and writing reflects the thinking process that is taking place. Students learn in language, therefore if their language is weak, so is their learning.
The constitutional provision of education
The Constitution of the country was adopted on Nov. 26, 1949 and came into force on Jan 26, 1950. The Preamble of the Constitution outlines the social philosophy which should govern all our institutions including educational. Right to Education is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution of India. The Constitution of India gives a few directions and suggestions for the development of education in the countries which are also called constitutional provisions.
Teaching and its basic elements
In much modern usage, the words ‘teaching’ and ‘teacher’ are wrapped up with schooling and schools. One way of approaching the question ‘What is teaching?’ is to look at what those called ‘teachers’ do – and then to draw out key qualities or activities that set them apart from others. The problem is that all sorts of things are bundled together in job descriptions or roles that may have little to do with what we can sensibly call teaching. Another way is to head for dictionaries and search for both the historical meanings of the term and how it is used in everyday language. This brings us to definitions like: “Impart knowledge to or instruct (someone) as to how to do something; or Cause (someone) to learn or understand something by example or experience”
Women empowerment
Women empowerment’ is the process of enabling and developing ability or potential in women so that they can think and act freely, exercises their choice and control their lives and thereby reducing discrimination and exploitation towards them. It brings about upliftment of women in social, economic and political spheres where they are able to play an equal role at par with men in society. But women who constitute half of the population in India yet they have been subjected to the oppression of patriarchal order and suffered from fewer rights and lower social status than men for centuries.
Gender inequality
Gender inequality has been a prevalent issue in India. Historically, women have faced discrimination through practices like dowry, sati system, and purdah system which lowered their social status over time. Today, gender inequality manifests in various forms like higher female mortality and sex-selective abortions, lack of equal rights to property, employment and education opportunities. Social and cultural factors like patriarchal norms, son preference, and women's traditional roles in the family have perpetuated inequality. While laws have aimed to promote equality, implementation remains a challenge and gender disparities persist in many areas of health, education, employment and political representation in India.
Language and its importance
Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky.
Classification of languages
The work of speech organs necessary for making speech sounds is called articulation. According to
The specific character of articulation, especially according to the presence or absence of the obstruction speech sounds are divided into vowels and consonants. The most substantial difference between vowels and consonants is that in the articulation of vowels the air passes freely through the mouth cavity, while in making consonants an obstruction is formed in the mouth cavity or in the pharynx and the flow of the air meets a narrowing or complete obstruction. Vowels have no fixed place of articulation, the whole of the speaking apparatus takes part in their formation, while the articulation of consonants can be localized, and an obstruction or a narrowing for each consonant is formed at a definite place of the speaking apparatus. In producing vowels all the organs of speech are tense, while in making consonants, the organs of speech are tense only in the place of obstruction. Voice prevails in vowels while in most consonants noise prevails over voice. Vowels are syllable forming sounds while consonants are not, as a rule.
Reading types
Reading, in very simple words, is the process of looking at a piece of written work, make out what is written on the page or sheet and understand what is written there.
Here, we have to make a distinction between reading silently and reading aloud. These two ways of reading have different purposes. Primarily, reading aloud is done to make others listen and understand and reading silently is to read "in the mind", so that we can understand, what we are reading, better. The teacher reading out a lesson or a story or a poem in the classroom is a good example for reading aloud. People reading the newspaper or a magazine at home or elsewhere is a good example of reading silently. In other words, reading aloud is aimed at improving our pronunciation while reading silently helps in improving our comprehension.
Drama and its types
Drama is a word of Greek origin meaning "action" and referring to a performance on the stage in which actors act out the events and characters of a story. A dramatic work is usually called a play, but if you want to specify what type of drama it is, you can call it a comedy, a. tragedy, a farce or tragicomedy or other names. As wel1 as a play, drama usually involves
o a playwright or dramatist, that is, the author of the play;
o a stage, that is, the area in a playhouse or theatre where the play is performed;
o an audience, that is, the people who go to the theatre to watch the performance.
The elements of drama
The Elements of drama
The elements of drama, by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated, can be categorized into three major areas:
Literary elements
Technical elements
Performance elements
What is e mail
Email
Email is a service which allows us to send the message in electronic mode over the internet. It offers an efficient, inexpensive and real time mean of distributing information among people.
E-Mail Address
Each user of email is assigned a unique name for his email account. This name is known as E-mail address. Different users can send and receive messages according to the e-mail address.
E-mail is generally of the form username@domainname. For example, webmaster@tutorialspoint.com is an e-mail address where webmaster is username and tutorialspoint.com is domain name.
More from Abu Bashar (20)
Rationalization Of Electricity Consumption In Bahrain.pptx
Rationalization Of Electricity Consumption In Bahrain.pptx
E satisfaction e-loyalty of consumers shopping online
E satisfaction e-loyalty of consumers shopping online
Recently uploaded
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024
Buy Verified Payoneer Account: Quick and Secure Way to Receive Payments
Buy Verified Payoneer Account With 100% secure documents, [ USA, UK, CA ]. Are you looking for a reliable and safe way to receive payments online? Then you need buy verified Payoneer account ! Payoneer is a global payment platform that allows businesses and individuals to send and receive money in over 200 countries.
If You Want To More Information just Contact Now:
Skype: SEOSMMEARTH
Telegram: @seosmmearth
Gmail: seosmmearth@gmail.com
How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...
The Strategy Implementation System offers a structured approach to translating stakeholder needs into actionable strategies using high-level and low-level scorecards. It involves stakeholder analysis, strategy decomposition, adoption of strategic frameworks like Balanced Scorecard or OKR, and alignment of goals, initiatives, and KPIs.
Key Components:
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Strategy Decomposition
- Adoption of Business Frameworks
- Goal Setting
- Initiatives and Action Plans
- KPIs and Performance Metrics
- Learning and Adaptation
- Alignment and Cascading of Scorecards
Benefits:
- Systematic strategy formulation and execution.
- Framework flexibility and automation.
- Enhanced alignment and strategic focus across the organization.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdf
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Kalyan Satta Matka Guessing Matka Result Main Bazar chart
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptx
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
TIMES BPO: Business Plan For Startup Industry
Starting a business is like embarking on an unpredictable adventure. It’s a journey filled with highs and lows, victories and defeats. But what if I told you that those setbacks and failures could be the very stepping stones that lead you to fortune? Let’s explore how resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking can transform adversity into opportunity.
Organizational Change Leadership Agile Tour Geneve 2024
Organizational Change Leadership at Agile Tour Geneve 2024
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Best practices for project execution and delivery
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto Rico
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto RicoCorey Perlman, Social Media Speaker and Consultant
Social media for business Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Schedule Unveiled
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdf
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and Creation
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
Recently uploaded (20)
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024
How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...
How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Fin...
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
Organizational Change Leadership Agile Tour Geneve 2024
Organizational Change Leadership Agile Tour Geneve 2024
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.
Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto Rico
Authentically Social by Corey Perlman - EO Puerto Rico
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdf
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdf
Types of research Designs
- 1. Business Research Methods MGT 524 Abu Bashar
- 2. Types of Research Causal Research (research that looks for cause & effect) Exploratory Research (research that explores) Descriptive Research (research that describes)
- 3. Difference between Exploratory & Conclusive Research Exploratory Conclusive Objective To provide insight & understanding To test specific hypothesis & examine relationship Characteristics Information needed is defined loosely Process is flexible & unstructured Sample small/non representative Qualitative data analysis Information needed is clearly defined Process is formal & structured Large & Representative Quantitative data analysis Findings Tentative Conclusive Outcome Generally followed by further exploratory or conclusive research Used as inputs into Decision Making
- 4. COMPLETELY CERTAIN ABSOLUTE AMBIGUITY CAUSAL, COMPARATIVE, ASSOCIATIONAL, OR DESCRIPTIVE EXPLORATORY Uncertainty Influences The Type of Research
- 5. Degree of Problem Definition Exploratory Research Descriptive Research Causal Research (Unaware of Problem) (Aware of Problem) (Problem Clearly Defined) “Our sales are declining and “What kind of people are buying “Will buyers purchase more of we don’t know why.” our product? Who buys our our products in a new package? competitor’s product?” “Would people be interested “Which of two advertising in our new product idea?” “What features do buyers prefer campaigns is more effective?” in our product?”
- 6. Say it backwards: research that explores Initial research conducted to explore (clarify and define) the nature of a problem Does not provide conclusive evidence so subsequent research is expected Helps to diagnose a situation Screen alternatives Discover new ideas Exploratory Research
- 7. Descriptive Research Research that describes Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon Some understanding of the nature of the problem Deals with the who, what, where, when, how…but not the why?
- 8. Causal Research Research that looks at cause & effect Conducted to identify cause and effect relationships Statistics: Correlations, regression, t-test, ANOVA, etc.
- 9. Causal Research Comparative Research Looks for differences Associational Research Looks for relationships Designs: Experimental Quasi-experimental Ex post facto Time series Predictive Correlational Comparative Surveys Multivariate Longitudinal Stats: T-test ANOVA Correlation Multiple regression Chi Square Spearman Rho Phi – Cramers V Etc, etc, etc
- 10. Stages of the Research Process Problem Discovery and Definition Research Design Sampling Data Gathering Data Processing and Analysis Conclusions and Report Discovery and Definition and so on
- 11. Problem discovery Problem definition (statement of research objectives) Secondary (historical) data Experience survey Pilot study Case study Selection of exploratory research technique Selection of basic research method Experiment Survey Observation Secondary Data StudyLaboratory Field Interview Questionnaire Selection of Sample Design Sampling Probability Nonprobability Collection of data (fieldwork) Editing and coding data Data processing Interpretation of findings Report Data Gathering Data Processing and Analysis Conclusions and Report Research Design Problem Discovery and Definition
- 12. Problem Definition, Objectives, and Research Questions If you do not know where you are going, any road will take you there.
- 13. “The formulation of the problem is often more essential than its solution” -Albert Einstein
- 14. Two Types of Problems Management Decision Problem What decision makers need to do Sales are on the decline Customer base is aging and younger consumers prefer competitor’s brands Research Problem Specifies information needed to address managerial problems & how it can be obtained
- 15. MDP Action Oriented Focus on symptoms Should new product be introduced Should advertisement be changed Should price be increased Research Problem Information oriented Focus on underlying causes Determine consumer preferences Determine effectiveness of current ad. Price elasticity of demand
- 16. Research Objectives Research objectives address information gaps that must be closed so the manager solves the marketing management problem Each research objective must be precise, detailed, clear, and operational Example: “Compare the demographic profiles of AT&T buyers to nonbuyers using age, sex, education, and annual family income.”
- 17. Research Questions A research question is the researchers’ paraphrase of the research objective(s) in the form of a question. Example: “Are AT&T’s non-buyers different demographically from AT&T’s buyers? Or better yet: “Are AT&T’s non-buyers younger than AT&T’s buyers?” Specific questions are better
- 18. Research Hypotheses A hypothesis is an unproven proposition or supposition that tentatively explains certain facts or phenomena; a probable answer to a research question. Hypotheses are statements about the nature of the world. They are guesses. Example: “AT&T’s non-buyers are younger than AT&T’s buyers”
- 19. Research Hypotheses Null Hypothesis: Conservative statement about the status quo. It is what our research is set out to disprove. H0: AT&T non-buyers do not differ in age from AT&T buyers Alternative Hypothesis: A statement that states the opposite of the null hypothesis. HA: AT&T non-buyers are younger than AT&T buyers
- 20. THANK YOU