The document discusses various types of research designs. It describes exploratory research design as research undertaken when little is known about a problem to gain background information and develop hypotheses. Descriptive research design aims to describe and measure phenomena at a point in time. Qualitative research design uses informal techniques to gather and analyze non-numerical data to understand perceptions and opinions. Interventional research design controls variables to test hypotheses and determine causal relationships.

1. Presentation on
Research Design
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2. Research Design is a master plan specifying the
methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing
the needed information. – William Zikmund (2009)
Overall
plan
Strategy
Framework
for the
study
Organized &
integrated
system
Blueprint
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3. Subject of
Investigation
Methodology
Data
Gathering
Data
Analysis
Report Writing
Elements of a Research
Design
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4. It is a clearly planned procedure for carrying
out the research. The design may include a
good many questions considered to a particular
study. Some of them are:
•Sort of data to achieve research aims.
•Source persons/places for the data collection.
•Way to collect the data.
•Relevant date/time to collect.
•Any permission and approval, etc.
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5. Laboratory
Experiment
Field
Experiment
Causal-comparative
research
Co-relational
research
Comparative
research design
Interventional
research design
Qualitative
research design
Descriptive
Research
Case Study
Research
Survey
Research
Developmen
tal Research
Historical
Research
Descriptive
research design
Exploratory
research design
Types of
Research
Designs
• Exploratory research is most
commonly unstructured,
“informal” research that is
undertaken to gain background
information about the general
nature of the research problem.
• conducted when the researcher
does not know much about the
problem & needs additional
information/new recent
information.
• objective is to gain background
information, to define terms, to
clarify problems & develop
hypotheses, to establish research
priorities, to develop questions to
be answered.
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6. Exploratory
research design
Types of
Research
Designs
Exploratory research is used in a number of situations:
• To gain background information
• To define terms
• To clarify problems and hypotheses
• To establish research priorities
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7. Laboratory
Experiment
Field
ExperimentCausal-comparative
research
Co-relational
research
Exploratory
research design
Comparative
research design
Interventional
research design
Qualitative
research design
Types of
Research
Designs
Descriptive
Research
Case Study
Research
Survey
Research
Developmen
tal Research
Historical
Research
Descriptive
research design
• Descriptive research design is
undertaken to provide complete
and accurate answers to
questions of particular situation.
• objective is to describe and
measure marketing phenomena at
a point.
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8. Descriptive Research
Developmental Research
Case study Research
Descriptive research design
Historical Research
Survey Research
Historical Research
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9. Historical Research
• A process of collecting, evaluating and
synthesizing past evidence systematically and
objectively to reach in a conclusion.
• Systematic collection and objective evaluation of
data related to past occurrences.
• Helps to explain present events and anticipate
future events.
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10. Descriptive Research
Developmental Research
Case study Research
Descriptive research design
Historical Research
Survey Research
Descriptive Research
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11. Descriptive Research
• It is a fact-finding observational
operation searching for adequate
information.
• It is a study conducted to assess the
opinions, behaviors, or characteristics
of a given population and to describe
the present situation and events.
• To make comparisons and
evaluations.
• To contributes in making future plan
& decisions.
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12. Descriptive Research
Developmental Research
Case study Research
Descriptive research design
Historical Research
Survey Research
Developmental Research
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13. Developmental Research
• This type of research is conducted for the
purpose of predicting future trends over a
certain period.
• Concentrates on the study of variables, their
rates of change, directions , sequences and other
inter-related factors over a period of time.
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14. Developmental
Research
Longitudinal
Trend Study
Panel Study
Cohort Study
Cross sectional Sample Survey
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15. Trend Study
• May or may not be the same sample in different point of time.
• Village A in 2000, Village B in 2013
Panel Study
• A group of individuals taken in study regarding their attitudes
towards particular phenomenon over the period of time.
Cohort Study
• a specific group of people who share common characteristics
or experiences within a defined period of time .
• Student Cohort : 2013 batch students of BBA in Uniglobe
College
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16. Descriptive Research
Developmental Research
Case study Research
Descriptive research design
Historical Research
Survey Research
Case study Research
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17. Case study Research
•It is a comprehensive study of a unit (over a
long period of time) examination of a single
instance or event.
•Gives in depth information about the
particular social unit.
•Researcher should be cautious on extreme
or deviant, critical and paradigmatic cases.
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18. Descriptive Research
Developmental Research
Case study Research
Descriptive research design
Historical Research
Survey ResearchSurvey Research
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19. Survey Research
• It is the systematic gathering information from
respondents for the purpose of understanding
or predicting some aspect of the behavior of the
population of interest
• Its result vary with research goals, population,
and the type of survey.
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20. Laboratory
Experiment
Field
Experiment
Causal-comparative
research
Co-relational
research
Exploratory
research design
Comparative
research design
Interventional
research design
Qualitative
research design
Types of
Research
Designs
Descriptive
Research
Case Study
Research
Survey
Research
Developmen
tal Research
Historical
Research
Descriptive
research design
•Comparative Research Design aims to
show cause-and-effect relationships
between two or more variables.
•One variable is considered as the
cause(independent variable) and the
other variable is considered as the effect
( dependent variable)
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21. Co relational Research
•relates two or more
variables and allow
predictions of outcomes
based on causative
relationships between the
variables.
•find out the extent of
relationship between
different variables.
•find out whether two or
more variables auto
correlated.
Casual Comparative
•establish the direction,
magnitude & form of
observed relationships
•permits investigation of
variables.
•provide guidance for
experimental studies.
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22. Laboratory
Experiment
Field
Experiment
Causal-comparative
research
Co-relational
research
Exploratory
research design
Comparative
research design
Interventional
research design
Qualitative
research design
Types of
Research
Designs
Descriptive
Research
Case Study
Research
Survey
Research
Developmen
tal Research
Historical
Research
Descriptive
research design • In interventional research design, the
conditions are controlled so that one
or more variables can be manipulated
in order to test a hypothesis.
• Determines causal relationships
between variables (chosen
dependent & independent variables),
while eliminating or controlling all
other variables that may have an
impact on these variables under
investigation.
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23. •Field experiment is the research going out and
by talking and listening to individuals to prove or
disprove of theory or hypothesis.
•Lab experiment usually happens in the lab with
animals or sometimes humans in a controlled
environment.
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24. Laboratory
Experiment
Field
Experiment
Causal-comparative
research
Co-relational
research
Exploratory
research design
Comparative
research design
Interventional
research design
Qualitative
research design
Types of
Research
Designs
Descriptive
Research
Case Study
Research
Survey
Research
Developmen
tal Research
Historical
Research
Descriptive
research design
• Qualitative research design is an approach to gathering and
analyzing information using informal and formal techniques
of data collection and analysis.
• used in organizational behavior, human resource
management and market research.
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25. “Qualitative Research is multi-method in focus, involving
an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject
matter” – J.A. Maxwell (2005)
It involves the exploration and interpretation of the
perception, opinions, aspiration, behaviors, concerns, motivation,
culture or lifestyles of sample of individuals.
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26. Methods
Purposes Theoretical
Framework
Validity
Research
Questions
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27. ©SantoshBayalkoti 27