This document discusses different types of chemical reactions and properties of acids and bases. It describes four main reaction types - precipitation, acid-base, gas forming, and oxidation-reduction. It then explains properties of acids and bases according to the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry theories of acids and bases. Key aspects covered are the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases producing H+ and OH- ions in water, and the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids being proton donors and bases being proton acceptors. The concept of conjugate acid-base pairs is also introduced.

1. 1. Types of reactions
2. Acids and bases
properties
definition
conjugate acid base pair

2. 
 We can classify reactions into four groups
These reactions types are;
Precipitation reaction: a reaction that results in the
formation of an acid
Acid base reaction: reaction characterized by the
formation of water
1. Types of reactions

3. 
Gas forming reactions: reaction that results in the
formation of gas
Oxidation reduction reaction: reaction which involves
electron transfer from one atom to the other
continuation

4. 
 Properties of acids and bases
Acids
 taste sour
 change the colors of indicators
 turn litmus red
 react with metals to generate H2(g)
 react with metal oxides and hydroxides to form salts
and water
 aqueous solutions conduct electricity
Acids and bases

5. 
Bases
 taste bitter
 feel slippery
 change colors of indicators
 turn litmus blue
 react with acids to form salts and water
 aqueous solutions conduct electricity

6. 
Arrhenius Model
 Acids ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions in
aqueous solutions
Example
Definition of acid/base
-
32 ClOHOHHCl  

7. 
 Bases produce dissociate in water to produce
hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Example
Based on H+ and OH-
According to Arrhenius model acid-base reaction can
only take place in an aqueous medium that is in water
   
-
aqaq OHNaNaOH  

8. 
Bronsted-Lowery definition
 acids are proton (H+) donor
Example
1221
-
32
baseacidbaseacid
BrOHOHHBr  

9. 
 Base are proton (H+) acceptor
Example
acid-base reactions are proton transfer reactions
2121
-
423
baseacidacidbase
OHNHOHNH   

10. 
 Comes from Brønsted-Lowry acid–base reaction.
Whereby
 the original base becomes an acid in the reverse
reaction.
 the original acid becomes a base in the reverse
process.
Conjugate acid-base pair

11. 
• A base accepts a proton and becomes a conjugate
acid.
• An acid donates a proton and becomes a conjugate
base

12. 
 water can be either an acid or base in Bronsted-
Lowry theory
 amphoteric - species that can be either an acid or
base
 amphiprotic - proton transfer reactions that species
behave as either an acid or base
Brønsted-Lowry theory
2121
-
322
baseacidacidbase
OHOHOHOH   