The document discusses six common language teaching approaches used in primary schools: 1. Audio-lingual focuses on repetition, memorization, and imitation through dialogues. It is teacher-centered but still used due to familiarity. 2. TPR uses physical movement to develop listening without pressuring students to speak early. Action songs, rhymes, and stories are forms of TPR. 3. The communicative approach emphasizes social interactions through meaningful tasks like problem-solving, interviews, and creative activities. It focuses on developing communicative competence but may overlook accuracy. 4. Task-based learning uses tasks for students to communicate and achieve real goals. Lessons involve preparation, task completion,

1. TYPES OF LANGUAGE TEACHING
APPROACH
Young Learners
Cecilia Maller
Pgs 43-47

2. Six common approaches
used in primary school
today

3. Audio-lingual
Also called Audio visual app. (1950´s)
Involves:
Repetition of new language-often based
on dialogues.
Teacher centred

4. Out –dated- modified present in several
countries.
Lg. practice- whole class ( less demanding)
Lg practice is predictable.
Few demands on the T.

5. Why still used? The way Ts were
taught, very manegeable, for Ts with a
fairly low lang. level .
Encourages Ss to listen and memorize
chunks( large piece of sth.) of lg.,important
part of lg.

6. Bad aspects:
Too restricting.
Too much emphasis on: memorization, imitation
and mechanical exs.
Decontextualized repetition.

7. After a while Ss get bored
Not enough variety to hold learners
´interest.
Not a possitive attitude to
foreign language learning

8. TPR
Total Physical Response
Characteristics: Popular YLs.
Develops listening skills
Introduces new lg. in a very visual,
contextualized way.
It involves activity and movement

9. Does not put pressure on YLs to speak.
Depending on the activity some learners
may take the part of the T ( instructions,
describe actions for others to mime, etc.)
Forms of TPR :
Action songs
Rhymes
Stories

10. The communicative approach
Developed in the mid 1970´s- through the
Council of Europe.
Based on social-interactionist
theory ( emphasis on the social nature of
lg. learning and interactions).

11. What does it mean for kids?
They are engaged in drawing, acting out,
listening, talking, reading, or writing.
Based on meaningful and contextualized
tasks using lg carefully prepared for them.

12. Commonly uses three types of activities:
1. Problem solving activities:
Ex.identifying,
matching,
sequencing,
prioritizing and classifying;

13. 2. Interactive activities:
Ex. Making surveys, carrying out
interviews.
3. Creative activities:
Ex. Making masks,
birthday cards,etc.

14. Which is the aim?
To develop learners´communicative
competence. Kid´s needs and
enthusiasm.
Negative aspect:
It focuses too much on communication
and fluency and overlooks grammatical
accuracy.

15. Task- based learning
TBL
One of the most recent methodological
approaches.
How to recognize it:
Aim of the lesson : Ss complete a task=
an activity in which Ss try to achieve
something real, and have to communicate
to do so.

16. T starts by holding a discussion on the
topic of the lesson ( step 1)
T gives the Ss tasks to do( steps 2,3,4,5)
Then T and Ss discuss any new or
problematic lg they needed for the task
( Step 6)
Lastly, Ss do an ex. on the new lg.(step 7)

17. It has 3 phases:
1. Pre- task preparation:
Introduction of new lg. and procedures
2. The task itself:
Ss doing the *macro task in pairs with a
final public summary of results.

18. 3. Language Focus:
-Finding, identifying and classifying common
words and phrases.
-Practice of classroom lg. and social
phrases.
-Keeping personal dictionaries

19. Macro tasks examples
acting out,
recording or writing a story,
making a model or board games,
Writing a quiz,
Making info. booklets with illustrations,
Collages,
Surveys, etc.

20. Story based methodology
Storytelling universal phenomenon,
central to kids´social, intellectual and
cultural development.

21. Cross-curricular approach
It is linked to other approaches, the TBL.
and the activity-based approach.
(=communicative app.)
The learning of the L2 linked to other
areas of Curriculum.
Arts, PhE, Maths or Nature Studies.

22. Next class: