This document discusses types of grading and reporting in education. It defines grading as applying standardized measurements to student achievement using methods like percentages, letters, or descriptors. The main types of grading discussed are percentage grading, letter grading, standards-based grading, narrative grading, norm-referenced grading, mastery grading, and pass/fail grading. Reporting is defined as communicating student achievement and progress over time. The types of reporting covered are informational reporting, analytical reporting, routine reporting, special reports, formal reporting, informal reporting, and parent-teacher conference reporting.

2. name: fatima ZOHRA
roll no: 2k17/BEDEL/15
CLASS: B.ED ELEMENTARY(HONS)
PARTII,4TH SEMESTER

3. TYPESOF GRADING
ANDREPORTING

4.  WHAT IS GRADING:
 In education grading is the process of applying standardized
measurement of varying levels of achievement in a course.
 Grades can be assigned in letters ( for examples A,B,C,D,F) as a range
(for example 1 to 6) as a percentage or as a descriptors (excellent, great,
satisfactory, needs improvement)


5.  TYPES OF GRADING:
 Here we discus the different types of grading system in education.
1. Percentage grading: using a percentage scale based on percent correct
on exams.
2. Letter grading: using a series of letters like (A,B,C,D,F) or letter with
plusses and minuses as an ordered category scale. This is also called as
direct grading.
3. Standards or absolute standard grading: originally comparing student
performance to a pre-established standard of performance. This is also
called criterion standard grading.
4. Narrative grading: writing comments about students achievements. In
comments teacher either use numbers or letters.

6. 5. Norm referenced grading: In this type of grading teacher compares
student achievement of his/her peers. This is also called as indirect grading
system.
6. Mastery grading: Grading students as masters or passers when their
attainments reaches a pre specified level.
7. Pass/fail: using a scale with two levels (pass and fail) sometimes in
connection with mastery grading.

7.  WHAT IS REPORTING:
 Reporting in education is a process of communicating comprehensive
information about student achievement and learning at a point in time.
 Reporting system in education is helpful or supporting tool to develop
policies and procedures for the preparation of student progress and
achievement for parents or the community.

8.  TYPES OF REPORTING:
 Now we discus the types of reporting system in education.
1. Informational reporting: informational reports presents results, so
readers can understand particular problem or situation.
2. Analytical reporting: this type of reporting present results, analysis
these results and draw a conclusion. In this type of reporting teacher use
bar graphs or graphs to make student overall progress report.
3. Routine reporting: this report is based on regular basis (hourly, daily,
weekly). In this type of reporting teacher make regular report of their
student progress in school or in class. This report is also called periodic
report.
4. Special report: these reports are related to a single occasion or
situation.

9. 5. Formal reporting: A formal reporting is official report that contained
detailed information of students reputation. This report is generally written for
the purpose of solving problems.
6. Informal reporting: an informal reporting is usually in the form of a
person to person communication. Like teacher parent conferences/meetings to
discuss on their students.
7. Parents-teacher conference reporting: A parent teacher conference is a
short meeting between parents and teachers to discuss a child’s progress at
school or find solutions to academic or behavioral problems.