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Qualities of a Good Test

The document outlines four key characteristics of a good test: reliability, validity, objectivity, and differentiability. Reliability refers to a test's consistency in measuring its intended outcomes, validity determines if the test actually measures what it is supposed to, objectivity ensures fairness and lack of bias, and differentiability relates to a function's mathematical properties. Each characteristic is explained with definitions, types, and examples relevant to test development and evaluation.

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Presentation Topic; Unit # 06 Qualities of a good test. Name : Amna Mishal Samo Roll no : 2K16/BEDEL/06 Course Title :Test Development and Evaluation Given by : Dr Amjad Ali Arain
All These four are the characteristics of a good test.  four characteristics are vital for construction of good test.
1: Reliability • The dictionary meaning of reliability is consistency , dependence or trust. • In the measurement reliability is the consistency with which a test yields same results in measuring whatever it does measure. • Reliability of a test refers to its stability.
 Technically , the theoretical definition of reliability is the proportion of score variance that is caused by systematic variation in the proportion of test taker. It extent a measuring procedure yields consistent results on repeated administration of the scale. It Refers to the consistency of scores or answers from one set of items to another. In other words “Being able to trust to be trusted to do what is expected or has been promised.
Examples of reliability : Example 1 :if you test someone and he got 100 marks , after a period of time do again if you get same results , it is reliability. Example 2 : take a test of math ability and then retake the same test two months later. If the receiving a similar score both time , the reliability of the test is high.
Types of reliability : Internal reliability External reliability Internal reliability: The extent to which a measure is consistent within itself External reliability : The extent to which a measure varies from one use to another.
Validity: The word validity derived from the Latin validus, meaning strong. Validity is an important characteristic of any test. This test refers to what the test really measures. A test is valid ,if it measures what we really wish to measure. The word validity means the state of being legally or officially binding or acceptable.
 Validity is the ability of instrument to measure what it is intended to measure. Degree to which the researcher has measured what he has set out to measure (Smith 1973). Extent to which an empirical measure adequately reflects the real meaning of the concept under consideration(Babbie ,1989).
Nature of validity:  Appropriateness of the interpretation and use made of the results of an assessment procedure for a given group of individuals  A matter of degree  Specific to some particular use of interpretation  A unitary concept  Overall evaluate judgement.
Sources of validity  Test content  Response process  Internal structure.
Types of validity  Criterion validity  Content validity  Construct validity
Factors that influences validity:  Test items inappropriate for the outcomes being measured.  Poorly constructed test items.  Test too short.  Improper arrangement of items.  Identifiable patters to answer  Unclear directions
Objectivity:  Objectivity refers to the degree o which equally competent scorers obtain the same results.  Objectivity represents the agreement of two or more raters or a test administrators concerning the score of a student.  The state of being fair , without bias or external influence.
 If the test is marked by the different people the score will be same . In other words , making process should not be affected by the marking person personality.  Not influenced by emotion or personal prejudice .Based on observable phenomena ; presented factually : an objective appraisal.  The questions and answers are clear.
Advantages of objectivity  Independent.  Free from bias.  Present facts.  It emphasizes facts. Disadvantages of objectivity  Time consuming for constructing.  Client faking responses.  Unsureness.
Differentiability  The word differentiability means ‘ being capable of differentiated’.  Usually it uses in testing of mathematics. In calculus, a differentiable function of one real variable is a function whose derivative exist at each point in its domain. As a result , graph of a differentiable function must have a tangent line at each point in its domain , be relatively smooth , and cannot contain any breaks or bends.
 A function is differentiable if its derivative exist.  A function is not differentiable if its first derivative is not defined at the point (or over the interval).  For radical functions , intervals or points of non- differentiability happen at discontinuities vertical tangents.  To help determine interval of differentiability , look at the sign study for (x).
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