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for all the nurses , nursing student both general nursing and midwifery{ GNM} , bachelors science [BSc], medical staff[ freshly joined doctors, RMO's[ registered medical officer]interns. nursing in charge, supervisors , orthopedic staff in departments such as medical ward, surgical ward, ICU [medical & surgical], emergency , radiology , laboratory, housekeeping, security, clinical instructor, quality manager, HR manager, front office , and operation theater in charge, staff, anesthesia doctors, surgeons and orthopedic OPD [ out patient department staff]
It is not surprising if a bone breaks but what is surprising is the fact that bone does not break more often considering the amount of forces it is subjected to everyday by muscle action ,load transmission, etc. bone has devised its own mechanism to ward off the unnatural forces and keep itself intact. But only when the force is to large and occurs suddenly or the force is chronic and repetitive or when the natural resistance of bone is eroded by diseases process that a bone succumbs to the insult and break.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. PBL 37
LET ME STAND TALL
HAFIZ BIN MOHD RAZAK (98)
TYPES OF FRACTURE
2. FRACTURE
• Bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a damage in the
continuity of the bone – broken bone.
• This can the be the result of high force impact or stress - physical force
exerted on the bone is stronger than the bone itself.
• Pathologic fracture – fracture as a result of medical conditions that weaken
the bone such as
• Osteoporosis
• Bone cancer
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
4. SOFT TISSUE INVOLVEMENT
CLOSED FRACTURE/ SIMPLE
FRACTURE
• Broken bone do not break
the skin
OPEN FRACTURE/
COMPOUND FRACTURE
• The ends of the broken
bone tear the skin
• They are at the risk of
infection
5. DISPLACEMENT
NON - DISPLACED
FRACTURE
The bone cracks either part
or all the way through, but
does not move and
maintains proper alignment
DISPLACED FRACTURE
The bone snaps into two or
more parts and moves so
that the two ends are not
lined up straight
Tibial fracture
Mid radius fracture
6. FRACTURE PATTERN
LINEAR FRACTURE
Break in a cranial bone
resembling a thin line,
without splintering,
depression, or distortion of
bone
TRANSVERSE FRACTURE
The broken piece of bone is
at a right angle to the bone’s
axis
Right parietal skull fracture
Ulna fracture
7. FRACTURE PATTERN
OBLIQUE FRACTURE
The bone break has a
curved or sloped pattern
SPIRAL FRACTURE
Cause by twisting force
which result in spiral-shaped
fracture line about the
bone, like a staircase.
Tibia fracture
Humerus fracture
8. FRACTURE PATTERN
AVULSION FRACTURE
Bone fracture which occurs
when a fragment of bone
tears away from the main
mass of bone as a result of
physical trauma
IMPACTED FRACTURE
Bone breaks fragments are
driven to other bone
fragments
Calcaneus fracture
Humerus
9. FRAGMENTS
INCOMPLETE FRACTURE
The bone cracked but does
not completely break into
pieces
COMPLETE FRACTURE
The bone breaks into two or
more pieces.
Radius fracture
