The document provides an overview of bone fractures, defining them as broken bones that can vary from minor cracks to complete breaks. It categorizes fractures into several types, including complete, incomplete, open, closed, pathological, and specific fractures such as greenstick, transverse, oblique, and comminuted. Additionally, it touches on the causes, mechanisms, and initial management steps for treating fractures.

1. Dr. ASHUTOSH KUMAR SINGH

2. A fracture is a broken bone. It can range from a thin
crack to a complete break. Bone can fracture
crosswise, lengthwise, in several places, or into
many pieces. Most fractures happen when a bone is
impacted by more force or pressure than it can
support.
It is a medical condition in which there is a partial
or complete break in the continuity of the bone

3. 1. COMPLETE
2. INCOMPLETE
3. OPEN
4. CLOSED
5. PATHALOGICAL

4. A BREAK ACROSS ENTIRE CROSS-SECTION
OF BONE

5. A BREAK OCCUR ONLY
THROUGH A PART OF
CROSS- SECTION OF
THE BONE.

6. An open fracture, also called
a compound fracture, is a
fracture in which there is an
open wound or break in the
skin near the site of the broken
bone.

7. IS A SIMPLE FRACTURE THAT DOES NOT
CAUSE BREAK IN THE CONTINUITY OF THE
SKIN.

8. A pathologic fracture is a
broken bone that's caused
by a disease, rather than
an injury.

9. 1. Greenstick fracture
2. Transverse fracture
3. Oblique fracture
4. Spiral fracture
5. Comminuted fracture
6. Depressed fracture
7. Avulsion fracture
8. Impacted fracture
9. Fracture dislocation

10.  A greenstick fracture is
a fracture in a young, soft
bone in which the bone
bends and breaks.
Greenstick fractures
usually occur most often
during infancy and
childhood when bones
are soft. The name is by
analogy with green (i.e.,
fresh) wood which
similarly breaks on the
outside when bent.

11.  A transverse fracture is a
specific type of broken bone
where the break is at a right
angle to the long plane of
the bone.
 Transverse fractures most
often occur as the result of a
strong force applied
perpendicular to the long
axis of a bone

12. An oblique fracture is a
relatively common fracture in
which the bone breaks
diagonally. Oblique
fractures can vary in severity,
depending on what bone is
affected and how large the
break is. Oblique
fractures tend to occur on

13. A spiral fracture is a bone fracture that occurs when a long bone is
broken by a twisting force.
It usually takes a combination of surgery, rest, and physical therapy to
recover

14. A comminuted fracture is a break or
splinter of the bone into more than two
fragments. Since considerable force
and energy is required to fragment
bone, fractures of this degree occur
after high-impact trauma such as in
vehicular accidents.

15. A depressed skull fracture is a type of fracture usually resulting
from blunt force trauma, such as getting struck with a hammer,
rock or getting kicked in the head.
These types of
fractures—which occur
in 11% of severe head
injuries—are
comminuted fractures in
which broken bones
displace inward.

16. An avulsion fracture is a bone fracture which occurs when
a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone
as a result of physical trauma.

17. An impacted fracture occurs when the broken
ends of the bone are jammed together by the force
of the injury.

18. Fracture–dislocation, a severe injury in which
both fracture and dislocation take place
simultaneously.
Frequently, a
loose piece of
bone remains
jammed between
the ends of
the dislocated b
ones and may
have to be
removed
surgically before
the dislocation c

20. Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves
the epiphyseal plate or growth plate of a bone, specifically the
zone of provisional calcification.
It is a form of child bone fracture. It is a common injury found
in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures.
This type of fracture and its classification system is named
for Robert B. Salter and William H. Harris

24. OLD ACIDS

25.  FIRST AID
 ANALGESIA - PAIN MANAGEMENT
 STABLIZATION / IMMOBILISATION
 REDUCATION -IF DISPLACED.
 REPAIR