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Chapter 4
Musculoskeletal System
Types of Fractures
BY: Kaylyn Norton
Fracture types
 Overall, there are many fracture types. They are
categorized by non-displaced, open, and closed
 Some fracture types include:
 Closed fracture(simple fracture) – no open skin wound
 Colles’ fracture- wrist fracture
 Comminuted fracture- bone is shattered, splintered, or
crushed into small pieces or fragments
 Compound fracture (open fracture)- skin has been
broken through to the fracture
 Pathologic- caused by diseased or weakened bones
(Types of Bone Fractures: Buckle Fracture, Stress Fracture,
Comminuted Fracture, and More,n.d.).
• This picture shows the
difference between a simple
facture (on the left) and a
compound facture (on the
right)
• As you can see, the
compound breaks through
the skin. The simple
facture or closed facture
does not show open skin
• The compound fracture is
more at risk for an
infection
Spiral Fracture
 The fracture line spirals around the shaft of the
bone caused by a twisting injury or rotating
force.
 This type is slower to heal than other fractures.
 Spiral fractures can be displaced or stable,
depending on how much force causes the
fracture.
(Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures-OrthoInfo –
AAOS,n.d.)
Oblique facture
• This fracture is at an angle to the bone and is typically unstable.
• If an oblique fracture is initially stable or minimally displaced, over
time it can become more out of place.
• In the picture, you can see the line of the bone going on an angle.
That is why it is called an oblique fracture.
• Not parallel
• Synonyms: slanting, diagonal, or sloping
(Types of Bone Fractures: Buckle Fracture, Stress Fracture,
Comminuted Fracture, and More, n.d.).
Pathologic facture
Break down of the word:
*Combining form- patho/o = disease
*Suffixes- -logy = study
-ic = pertaining to
 This facture is caused by diseased or
weakened bones
 Includes osteoporosis, cancer, infection, or bone cyst
(Joint Essential. (n.d.).
--- This picture displays how
the femur bone is fractured
from osteoporosis.
---- Osteoporosis is a
condition where the bones
become weak
Joint Essential,n.d.).
• The bottom right picture displays
an X-ray picture of a pathologic
fracture
(Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures
OrthoInfo – AAOS, n.d.).
References
Joint Essential. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2016, from
http://www.jointessential.com/12-types-of-bone-diseases-and-disorders-a-
guide-for-patients/
Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures-OrthoInfo - AAOS. (n.d.). Retrieved June
20, 2016, from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00522
Types of Bone Fractures: Buckle Fracture, Stress Fracture, Comminuted
Fracture, and More. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2016, from
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic-
information

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Presentation 4

  • 1. Chapter 4 Musculoskeletal System Types of Fractures BY: Kaylyn Norton
  • 2. Fracture types  Overall, there are many fracture types. They are categorized by non-displaced, open, and closed  Some fracture types include:  Closed fracture(simple fracture) – no open skin wound  Colles’ fracture- wrist fracture  Comminuted fracture- bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into small pieces or fragments  Compound fracture (open fracture)- skin has been broken through to the fracture  Pathologic- caused by diseased or weakened bones
  • 3. (Types of Bone Fractures: Buckle Fracture, Stress Fracture, Comminuted Fracture, and More,n.d.). • This picture shows the difference between a simple facture (on the left) and a compound facture (on the right) • As you can see, the compound breaks through the skin. The simple facture or closed facture does not show open skin • The compound fracture is more at risk for an infection
  • 4. Spiral Fracture  The fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone caused by a twisting injury or rotating force.  This type is slower to heal than other fractures.  Spiral fractures can be displaced or stable, depending on how much force causes the fracture. (Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures-OrthoInfo – AAOS,n.d.)
  • 5. Oblique facture • This fracture is at an angle to the bone and is typically unstable. • If an oblique fracture is initially stable or minimally displaced, over time it can become more out of place. • In the picture, you can see the line of the bone going on an angle. That is why it is called an oblique fracture. • Not parallel • Synonyms: slanting, diagonal, or sloping (Types of Bone Fractures: Buckle Fracture, Stress Fracture, Comminuted Fracture, and More, n.d.).
  • 6. Pathologic facture Break down of the word: *Combining form- patho/o = disease *Suffixes- -logy = study -ic = pertaining to  This facture is caused by diseased or weakened bones  Includes osteoporosis, cancer, infection, or bone cyst (Joint Essential. (n.d.).
  • 7. --- This picture displays how the femur bone is fractured from osteoporosis. ---- Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become weak Joint Essential,n.d.). • The bottom right picture displays an X-ray picture of a pathologic fracture (Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures OrthoInfo – AAOS, n.d.).
  • 8. References Joint Essential. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2016, from http://www.jointessential.com/12-types-of-bone-diseases-and-disorders-a- guide-for-patients/ Tibia (Shinbone) Shaft Fractures-OrthoInfo - AAOS. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2016, from http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00522 Types of Bone Fractures: Buckle Fracture, Stress Fracture, Comminuted Fracture, and More. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2016, from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic- information