(Dia lebih suka berenang
daripada menari)
Would rather + Verb -ing
Would rather + nouns
I would rather go home.
(Saya lebih suka pulang)
I would rather have tea.
(Saya lebih suka minum teh)
1. The document discusses various English grammar structures including tenses like the past future perfect tense and degrees of comparison.
2. It provides rules and examples for forming sentences in the past future perfect tense and past future perfect continuous tense.
3. The document also covers expressing requests, invitations, and preferences using structures like "could you
This document discusses different types of compound and subordinate sentences in Spanish. It defines coordinate sentences as clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions that each have their own meaning. The main types of coordinate sentences are copulative, disjunctive, adversative, distributive, explanatory, and juxtaposed. Subordinate sentences have one independent clause and one dependent clause. The types of subordinate clauses are noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverbial clauses. Adverbial clauses further specify place, time, manner, effect/result, condition, and concessive clauses. Examples are provided for each type of clause.
1. The document discusses various verb tenses in English including present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. It explains how the tenses are used to indicate different times and provides examples.
2. Consistency of tense is important, and verbs within a paragraph should be in the same tense if events occur simultaneously or different tenses if events occur at different times.
3. Modals are helping verbs that express attitudes like ability, permission, possibility, requirement, obligation, likelihood, and condition. Common modals include can, may, must, should, would, etc. and their uses are explained.
This document discusses verb tenses and their usage. It covers the main verb tenses - present, past, future - as well as progressive and perfect forms. It explains how tenses indicate when an action occurs and provides examples. It emphasizes using tenses consistently and avoiding unnecessary shifts. Modal verbs are also explained, showing how they modify meanings like ability, permission, obligation and possibility. Review exercises provide practice identifying and changing verb tenses.
The document provides an overview of the Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS) exam, which covers topics of English, math, science, and reading. It focuses on the English section, outlining various English language concepts assessed, including parts of speech, verbs, pronouns, active and passive voice, and punctuation. Examples are provided to demonstrate correct usage of these concepts. The summary concludes by listing sources used to create the presentation content.
This document provides an introduction to using the present perfect tense in Spanish. It begins with a conversation between Richard and Johana discussing potential vacation destinations they have visited. It then covers the formation of the present perfect tense and provides examples of its use. Additional topics covered include the use of adverbs like "yet", "just", and "already" with the present perfect. The document concludes with vocabulary related to education to discuss academic experiences using the present perfect tense.
The document discusses the different tenses in the English language, including the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, and simple past tenses. It provides rules for forming sentences in each tense, including affirmative, negative, and interrogative examples. It also includes exercises for the reader to practice forming sentences in each tense.
Compound and complex sentences in EnglishJenny Cadena
This document discusses different types of sentences in English including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It defines each sentence type and provides examples. Compound sentences contain two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. Complex sentences have one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Dependent clauses include noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. The document also discusses conjunctive adverbs and how they can join two independent clauses.
This document discusses different types of compound and subordinate sentences in Spanish. It defines coordinate sentences as clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions that each have their own meaning. The main types of coordinate sentences are copulative, disjunctive, adversative, distributive, explanatory, and juxtaposed. Subordinate sentences have one independent clause and one dependent clause. The types of subordinate clauses are noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverbial clauses. Adverbial clauses further specify place, time, manner, effect/result, condition, and concessive clauses. Examples are provided for each type of clause.
1. The document discusses various verb tenses in English including present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. It explains how the tenses are used to indicate different times and provides examples.
2. Consistency of tense is important, and verbs within a paragraph should be in the same tense if events occur simultaneously or different tenses if events occur at different times.
3. Modals are helping verbs that express attitudes like ability, permission, possibility, requirement, obligation, likelihood, and condition. Common modals include can, may, must, should, would, etc. and their uses are explained.
This document discusses verb tenses and their usage. It covers the main verb tenses - present, past, future - as well as progressive and perfect forms. It explains how tenses indicate when an action occurs and provides examples. It emphasizes using tenses consistently and avoiding unnecessary shifts. Modal verbs are also explained, showing how they modify meanings like ability, permission, obligation and possibility. Review exercises provide practice identifying and changing verb tenses.
The document provides an overview of the Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS) exam, which covers topics of English, math, science, and reading. It focuses on the English section, outlining various English language concepts assessed, including parts of speech, verbs, pronouns, active and passive voice, and punctuation. Examples are provided to demonstrate correct usage of these concepts. The summary concludes by listing sources used to create the presentation content.
This document provides an introduction to using the present perfect tense in Spanish. It begins with a conversation between Richard and Johana discussing potential vacation destinations they have visited. It then covers the formation of the present perfect tense and provides examples of its use. Additional topics covered include the use of adverbs like "yet", "just", and "already" with the present perfect. The document concludes with vocabulary related to education to discuss academic experiences using the present perfect tense.
The document discusses the different tenses in the English language, including the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, and simple past tenses. It provides rules for forming sentences in each tense, including affirmative, negative, and interrogative examples. It also includes exercises for the reader to practice forming sentences in each tense.
Compound and complex sentences in EnglishJenny Cadena
This document discusses different types of sentences in English including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It defines each sentence type and provides examples. Compound sentences contain two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. Complex sentences have one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Dependent clauses include noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. The document also discusses conjunctive adverbs and how they can join two independent clauses.
This document contains a detailed lesson plan for a 30-minute English lesson on degrees of comparison of adjectives for 7th grade students. The lesson plan outlines objectives, references, materials, concepts, skills, values, timeframe, and procedures. It includes preliminary activities, motivation, recall of prior knowledge, presentation of objectives, lesson proper with activities analyzing degrees of comparison and application exercises, generalization, evaluation, and assignment. The lesson utilizes various teaching methods and aims to teach students to determine rules for comparing adjectives and identify/complete degrees of comparison in sentences.
This document provides information about adverbs including their definition, use, form and types. It discusses how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs to express manner, place, time or degree. It distinguishes between adjectives and adverbs and provides examples of each. The document also describes different types of adverbs such as adverbs of time, place, degree, manner and frequency. It discusses adverbial phrases and prepositional phrases. Finally, it covers the formation of adverbs from adjectives, including those ending in -ly, -le, -y and some irregular forms. The document is intended to teach students about the use and formation of adverbs in the English language.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in Lecture 7 of an English grammar course on adverbials. It discusses the different units that can realize adverbial functions, including adverb phrases, clauses, noun phrases and prepositional phrases. It then covers the different classes of adverbials - adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts - and their syntactic features. The remainder of the document delves into each class in more detail, outlining their types and functions.
The document provides information about identifying clauses, sentence types, and verb mood. It begins by defining clauses and identifying clauses in sentences. It then discusses identifying dependent and independent clauses. Next, it covers identifying sentence types as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. The document concludes by explaining the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive verb moods and identifying examples of each.
This document provides a lesson plan on teaching adverbs to students. It includes objectives, warm-up exercises, categories of adverbs with examples, and follow-up exercises. The lesson plan aims to help students identify, classify, and properly place adverbs in sentences. It covers adverbs of manner, frequency, time and place, degree, quantity, and focusing. Examples are provided to illustrate each category. Follow-up activities include identifying adverbs in sentences, determining their category, and discussing alternative positions.
Write Right with Grammatical Proficiency. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Exclamations and what not... Care to Share and Share to Care. Make this world a better place...
Tips on Using Prepositions [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/20-prepositions/1-tips-on-prepositions/ ].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
The document provides information about the Structure and Written Expression section of the TOEFL test. It discusses the two types of questions in this section - Structure questions that test grammar and Written Expression questions about incorrect words. It provides strategies for answering the questions and focuses on skills for the Structure questions, including identifying subjects and verbs, being careful of objects of prepositions and appositives, which can be mistaken for subjects.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in English grammar, including:
1) Grammar applies rules for standard use of words and how their component parts combine to form sentences. It also classifies and analyzes language elements.
2) Sentences are formed from groups of words and have a subject and predicate. There are four types of sentences.
3) Verbs express actions or states of being and tense indicates when these occur.
Tips on Using Nouns [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/18-nouns/1-tips-on-nouns/].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
Tips on Using Verbs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/19-verbs/1-tips-on-verbs/ ].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
safwat mohamed reda shoaib.english grammer.ali omar
The document summarizes the different tenses in English including the present, past, and future tenses. It discusses the formation and uses of the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses. It also covers the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses, providing examples of how they are used.
This document provides a lesson plan for a class on adjectives and the use of commas. The lesson plan includes a warm up activity, teaching about adjectives through examples and activities, teaching about using commas to separate items in a list, and assigning worksheets for assessment. The class is for 5th-6th grade students and focuses on identifying adjectives, common grammar errors, and proper use of commas.
GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR.صفوت محمد رضا شعيبali omar
This document provides an overview of English grammar concepts, including:
1. It defines grammar as the analysis of how words function in a language based on the usage of native speakers.
2. It discusses how words can be classified based on their functions, such as nouns naming things and verbs expressing actions.
3. It covers verb forms and tenses, including how the form changes based on subject and time (e.g. present vs. past).
Tips on Using Punctuation & Spelling [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/26-spelling-and-punctuation/1-tips-on-spelling-&-punctuation/].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
The document discusses different types of adjectives in Tagalog including descriptive adjectives, adjectives of quantity, demonstrative adjectives, and possessive adjectives. It then discusses three degrees of adjectives - neutral form, comparative form, and superlative form. The neutral form includes simple adjectives and "MA-" adjectives. The comparative form uses prefixes like "magkasing-" for equal comparison and "MAS" for unequal comparison. The superlative form can be expressed through reduplication, prefixes like "ANG", "NAPAKA", and "PAGKA-", or other phrases.
Tips on Using Pronouns [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/22-pronouns/2-self-assessment-quiz-on-pronouns/ ].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
The document provides 10 tips for using adverbs correctly in sentences. It defines what an adverb is and the different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, manner, place, frequency, degree. It then lists the 10 tips which include rules for using adverbs like else, otherwise, never, not, nowhere as well as tips for word order and placement of adverbs like enough, rather, often in sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate each tip for proper adverb usage.
This document provides information about English language materials for 9th grade students in Indonesia. It discusses different types of texts including descriptive, report, narrative, recount, and procedure texts. It also covers language concepts like repeated requests, hesitation, short functional texts, if clauses, comparative degrees, admiration, notices, cautions, warnings, and gerunds. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate proper usage.
This document provides an overview of grammar concepts across 22 chapters. It begins with basic concepts like parts of speech, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and their tenses. It then covers additional topics such as degrees of comparison, articles, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, punctuation and sentence structure. For each topic, there are explanations of key terms and concepts along with examples. Page numbers are provided for reference in AP state syllabus textbooks. The document is intended to help non-English medium students and teachers learn English grammar.
The document defines various terms used in revenue management. It explains that ADR is the average daily rate calculated as total room revenue divided by rooms sold. ALOS is the average length of stay calculated as total number of room nights divided by total number of bookings. ARI compares a hotel's ADR to the average ADR of its competitive set to measure performance. Cut-off dates set the deadline for booking a reservation a certain number of days before arrival to control lead times.
This document describes different weather conditions ranging from very cold to very hot, including bitterly cold, chilly, mild, a heatwave, muggy and humid, a gale or strong wind, heavy rain or pouring rain, being soaking wet or soaked, a light breeze, and a light drizzle.
This document contains a detailed lesson plan for a 30-minute English lesson on degrees of comparison of adjectives for 7th grade students. The lesson plan outlines objectives, references, materials, concepts, skills, values, timeframe, and procedures. It includes preliminary activities, motivation, recall of prior knowledge, presentation of objectives, lesson proper with activities analyzing degrees of comparison and application exercises, generalization, evaluation, and assignment. The lesson utilizes various teaching methods and aims to teach students to determine rules for comparing adjectives and identify/complete degrees of comparison in sentences.
This document provides information about adverbs including their definition, use, form and types. It discusses how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs to express manner, place, time or degree. It distinguishes between adjectives and adverbs and provides examples of each. The document also describes different types of adverbs such as adverbs of time, place, degree, manner and frequency. It discusses adverbial phrases and prepositional phrases. Finally, it covers the formation of adverbs from adjectives, including those ending in -ly, -le, -y and some irregular forms. The document is intended to teach students about the use and formation of adverbs in the English language.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in Lecture 7 of an English grammar course on adverbials. It discusses the different units that can realize adverbial functions, including adverb phrases, clauses, noun phrases and prepositional phrases. It then covers the different classes of adverbials - adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts - and their syntactic features. The remainder of the document delves into each class in more detail, outlining their types and functions.
The document provides information about identifying clauses, sentence types, and verb mood. It begins by defining clauses and identifying clauses in sentences. It then discusses identifying dependent and independent clauses. Next, it covers identifying sentence types as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. The document concludes by explaining the indicative, imperative, and subjunctive verb moods and identifying examples of each.
This document provides a lesson plan on teaching adverbs to students. It includes objectives, warm-up exercises, categories of adverbs with examples, and follow-up exercises. The lesson plan aims to help students identify, classify, and properly place adverbs in sentences. It covers adverbs of manner, frequency, time and place, degree, quantity, and focusing. Examples are provided to illustrate each category. Follow-up activities include identifying adverbs in sentences, determining their category, and discussing alternative positions.
Write Right with Grammatical Proficiency. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Exclamations and what not... Care to Share and Share to Care. Make this world a better place...
Tips on Using Prepositions [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/20-prepositions/1-tips-on-prepositions/ ].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
The document provides information about the Structure and Written Expression section of the TOEFL test. It discusses the two types of questions in this section - Structure questions that test grammar and Written Expression questions about incorrect words. It provides strategies for answering the questions and focuses on skills for the Structure questions, including identifying subjects and verbs, being careful of objects of prepositions and appositives, which can be mistaken for subjects.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in English grammar, including:
1) Grammar applies rules for standard use of words and how their component parts combine to form sentences. It also classifies and analyzes language elements.
2) Sentences are formed from groups of words and have a subject and predicate. There are four types of sentences.
3) Verbs express actions or states of being and tense indicates when these occur.
Tips on Using Nouns [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/18-nouns/1-tips-on-nouns/].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
Tips on Using Verbs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/19-verbs/1-tips-on-verbs/ ].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
safwat mohamed reda shoaib.english grammer.ali omar
The document summarizes the different tenses in English including the present, past, and future tenses. It discusses the formation and uses of the present simple, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous tenses. It also covers the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses, providing examples of how they are used.
This document provides a lesson plan for a class on adjectives and the use of commas. The lesson plan includes a warm up activity, teaching about adjectives through examples and activities, teaching about using commas to separate items in a list, and assigning worksheets for assessment. The class is for 5th-6th grade students and focuses on identifying adjectives, common grammar errors, and proper use of commas.
GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR.صفوت محمد رضا شعيبali omar
This document provides an overview of English grammar concepts, including:
1. It defines grammar as the analysis of how words function in a language based on the usage of native speakers.
2. It discusses how words can be classified based on their functions, such as nouns naming things and verbs expressing actions.
3. It covers verb forms and tenses, including how the form changes based on subject and time (e.g. present vs. past).
Tips on Using Punctuation & Spelling [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/26-spelling-and-punctuation/1-tips-on-spelling-&-punctuation/].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
The document discusses different types of adjectives in Tagalog including descriptive adjectives, adjectives of quantity, demonstrative adjectives, and possessive adjectives. It then discusses three degrees of adjectives - neutral form, comparative form, and superlative form. The neutral form includes simple adjectives and "MA-" adjectives. The comparative form uses prefixes like "magkasing-" for equal comparison and "MAS" for unequal comparison. The superlative form can be expressed through reduplication, prefixes like "ANG", "NAPAKA", and "PAGKA-", or other phrases.
Tips on Using Pronouns [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/22-pronouns/2-self-assessment-quiz-on-pronouns/ ].
LearningPundits helps Job Seekers make great CVs [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/1-cv-preparation-for-freshers/1-cv-writing-tips-for-freshers/ ] , master English Grammar and Vocabulary [ https://learningpundits.com/course/4-english-grammar/ ] , ace Aptitude Tests [ https://learningpundits.com/course/11-mathematical-aptitude/ ], speak fluently in a Group Discussion [ https://learningpundits.com/module-view/6-group-discussion-questions/1-tips-for-speaking-in-a-group-discussion/ ] and perform well in Interviews [ https://learningpundits.com/course/2-personal-interview/ ] We also conduct weekly online contests on Aptitude and English [ https://learningpundits.com/contest ]. We also allow Job Seekers to apply for Jobs [ https://learningpundits.com/applyForJobs ]
The document provides 10 tips for using adverbs correctly in sentences. It defines what an adverb is and the different types of adverbs including adverbs of time, manner, place, frequency, degree. It then lists the 10 tips which include rules for using adverbs like else, otherwise, never, not, nowhere as well as tips for word order and placement of adverbs like enough, rather, often in sentences. Examples are provided to illustrate each tip for proper adverb usage.
This document provides information about English language materials for 9th grade students in Indonesia. It discusses different types of texts including descriptive, report, narrative, recount, and procedure texts. It also covers language concepts like repeated requests, hesitation, short functional texts, if clauses, comparative degrees, admiration, notices, cautions, warnings, and gerunds. Examples are provided for each concept to illustrate proper usage.
This document provides an overview of grammar concepts across 22 chapters. It begins with basic concepts like parts of speech, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and their tenses. It then covers additional topics such as degrees of comparison, articles, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, punctuation and sentence structure. For each topic, there are explanations of key terms and concepts along with examples. Page numbers are provided for reference in AP state syllabus textbooks. The document is intended to help non-English medium students and teachers learn English grammar.
The document defines various terms used in revenue management. It explains that ADR is the average daily rate calculated as total room revenue divided by rooms sold. ALOS is the average length of stay calculated as total number of room nights divided by total number of bookings. ARI compares a hotel's ADR to the average ADR of its competitive set to measure performance. Cut-off dates set the deadline for booking a reservation a certain number of days before arrival to control lead times.
This document describes different weather conditions ranging from very cold to very hot, including bitterly cold, chilly, mild, a heatwave, muggy and humid, a gale or strong wind, heavy rain or pouring rain, being soaking wet or soaked, a light breeze, and a light drizzle.
This document defines key terms related to space exploration including satellite, universe, carry out, exist, gain, far-fetched, space, circle, and reach. It explains that a satellite is an object that orbits a larger body in space, the universe is all of space and everything within it, and to carry out means to do and complete a task.
This document provides an overview of grammar structures for 3rd and 4th grade, including the verb "to be" in simple present and past tense, simple present and past tense, and the modal verb "should". It covers affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of these structures. Examples are given for regular and irregular verbs. Frequency adverbs like always, usually and sometimes are also discussed.
This document defines and explains the bank reconciliation statement. [1] It reconciles the differences between the bank balance shown in a business's cash book and the balance in their bank statement or passbook. [2] Common causes of differences include outstanding checks and deposits, as well as bank charges and interest that have been applied. [3] Preparing the reconciliation statement regularly helps ensure accurate accounting records and identifies potential errors or fraud.
A Revenue Reconciliation and Settlement System that was built to provide an automated and systemic approach to recognizing revenues across the various revenue streams of the organization.
The document discusses various aspects of front office management in a hotel, including responsibilities of different front office roles and departments, revenue and reservations management, guest services, accounting for guests, and data management. It provides details on key front office functions like forecasting demand, yield management, managing reservations and occupancy, the guest registration process, privacy policies, billing to guest folios, night audits, and credit card processing.
The document provides instructions for several science activities related to snow and winter: growing crystals using borax and pipe cleaners; using a balance to weigh snow bears and classroom objects; building shapes from toothpicks and clay and creating an original snowflake design; and reading winter-themed books and playing educational games on symbaloo about snowflakes.
The front office is the nerve center of the hotel and oversees key functions like check-in, bell services, and guest relations. It can be divided into 5 areas: reception, bell services, mail/information, concierge, and cashiers/night auditors. Room clerks maintain the room rack to track occupancy and availability, check reservations, and notify housekeeping and operators when guests check-out. The registration process categorizes guests as groups, reservations, or walk-ins. Other front office roles include doormen, bellmen, elevator operators, and mail/information clerks. Automation has been sought to improve efficiency of front office, reservation, and accounting functions.
INTRODUCTION TO FRONT OFFICE:
the basics, such as the personnel under the front office department, their duties and responsibilities. and etc. SEE FOR YOURSELF.
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The document discusses the future perfect tense in Indonesian and English. It defines the future perfect tense as expressing an action that will be completed by a certain time in the future. It provides the formula for forming the future perfect tense in Indonesian using will, have and the past participle. Examples are given of using the future perfect tense to refer to actions that will be finished before another future event, or actions that will be completed by a certain future time.
This document provides information about the present perfect tense in English. It discusses three main uses of the present perfect: 1) for actions that started in the past and continue in the present, 2) for indefinite past actions where the time is unknown, and 3) for repeated past actions. It also covers the formation of the present perfect, key time words used with it, and compares its use to the simple past tense.
This document provides a summary of English grammar lessons on future tenses, probability modals, word families, offering help, articles, superlative adjectives, conditionals, and cause and effect connectors. It includes examples and explanations of grammar structures like future simple, zero conditional, first conditional, use of "so" and "neither", and expressions like "how + adjective".
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The document discusses the simple past and present perfect tenses in English. It provides the formulas and examples of each tense. For simple past tense, it is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past. The present perfect tense refers to actions that began in the past and have relevance to the present, either continuing or having effects now. It also contrasts the two tenses, noting that simple past tense uses time signals to indicate a specific past time while present perfect tense does not specify a clear time.
The document discusses the major types of tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. It provides examples and explanations of how to use the simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, present perfect continuous tense, simple past tense, past perfect tense, past continuous tense, and past perfect continuous tense. Key points covered include the uses and structures of each tense as well as examples sentences to illustrate when each tense should be used.
The document discusses the major types of tenses in English, including present, past, and future tenses. It provides examples and explanations of how to use each tense properly. The present tenses covered are simple present, present continuous, and present perfect. The past tenses include simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous. The future tenses are simple future, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. For each tense, the document explains its structure, examples of usage, and situations when that particular tense would be used.
This document discusses different types of pronouns in English including:
- Demonstrative pronouns like this, that, these, those.
- Interrogative pronouns like who, which, whom, whose.
- Negation pronouns like no, nobody, none.
- Personal and reflexive pronouns like I, me, myself.
- Relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, that.
- Reciprocal pronouns like each other, one another.
- Quantifier pronouns like some, any, every, all, both.
Examples are provided to illustrate how each type of pronoun is used as a subject, object
The document defines verb tenses and provides examples of their usage. It discusses 5 basic tenses in English: simple present, simple past, present continuous, simple future, and present perfect. For each tense it provides the definition, patterns, functions and examples. It also includes an exercise with 20 multiple choice questions testing understanding of verb tenses.
The document discusses the past simple and present perfect tenses in English. It provides examples of how each is used and the rules for forming them. Specifically, it explains that the past simple is used to describe actions that started and finished in the past, while the present perfect is used for actions that began in the past but continue to the present. It also covers the use of time expressions like "for" and "since" with the present perfect.
This document provides information about the present perfect tense in English. It discusses the form of the present perfect, which is have/has + past participle. It provides examples of affirmative and interrogative sentences. It then discusses three main uses of the present perfect tense: (1) to describe recent events without a definite time, (2) to express personal experiences where no definite time is given, and (3) to express actions that started in the past and continue to the present time. It contrasts the simple past and present perfect tenses and provides examples of when to use each.
This document provides information about the present perfect tense in English. It discusses the form of the present perfect, which is have/has + past participle. It then gives examples of the affirmative and interrogative forms. The document also discusses three main uses of the present perfect tense: (1) to describe recent events without a definite time, (2) to express personal experiences where no definite time is given, and (3) to express actions that started in the past and continue to the present time. It compares the simple past and present perfect tenses and explains when to use each.
Spoken English Beginner Session 6 - Present Perfect Continuous vs Present Pe...Ash (Ashvini) Vyas
Learn when to use present perfect tense and when to use present perfect continuous tense for spoken and written English. Learn usage, syntax and examples of both English tenses.
Tense is considered as the backbone of English language. If you want to know grammar, you must know Tense. Therefore, you need to go through these slides.
The document discusses the present perfect, present perfect progressive, and past perfect tenses in English. It provides examples of how to form and use each tense, including common time words and adverbs used with each tense. Key uses of the present perfect include actions that began in the past and continue to the present, unfinished actions with unspecified time, and repeated actions. The past perfect is used to describe events that occurred before other past events.
This document provides an explanation and examples of the present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense in English grammar.
The present perfect tense is used to refer to an action that began in the past and has relevance in the present. It uses the auxiliary verbs "have" or "has" plus the past participle form of the main verb. Examples are given of nominal and verbal sentences constructed in the present perfect tense.
The present perfect continuous tense refers to an action that began in the past and is ongoing in the present. It uses the auxiliary verbs "have" or "has" plus "been" plus the "-ing" form of the main verb. Exercises are provided to practice forming sentences in the present perfect
This document provides an overview of English verb tenses, including:
- The simple present, past, and future tenses and their uses to talk about facts, habits, completed past actions, and future actions.
- The present, past, and future progressive/continuous tenses and their uses to talk about ongoing or in-progress actions.
- The present, past, and future perfect tenses and their uses to talk about unspecified time frames, repetition, completed prior actions, and future completed actions.
- The present, past, and future perfect progressive/continuous tenses and their uses to emphasize the duration of ongoing actions over a period of time.
The document discusses past future tense and simple future tense in English. Past future tense refers to actions that were planned or predicted in the past from the past perspective, and is formed using "would" or "was/were going to". Simple future tense refers to actions that will occur in the future, and is formed using "will" or "be going to". Both tenses are used to make predictions, plans and promises. Examples are provided to illustrate the formation and use of past future tense and simple future tense.
This document provides information about adverbs in English, including definitions, examples, and classifications. It discusses simple adverbs, interrogative adverbs, and relative adverbs. It also covers adverb forms, types of adverbs like manner and time, and the relationship between adverbs and other parts of speech. Additionally, it examines adverb clauses, expressing conditions, contrast, cause and effect with adverb clauses.
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Dokumen tersebut merangkum proses riset secara umum, mulai dari penentuan masalah dan pertanyaan riset, desain studi, pengumpulan data, analisis data, hingga pelaporan hasil. Beberapa langkah penting dalam proses riset dijelaskan secara singkat seperti penentuan sampel, alokasi sumber daya, dan pengujian percobaan sebelum pengumpulan data.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang latar belakang dan tujuan penulisan makalah mengenai interaksi manusia dan komputer, serta mengakui kekurangan makalah tersebut."
Berikut adalah ringkasan dari dokumen tersebut dalam 3 kalimat:
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang topologi jaringan komputer dengan menjelaskan definisi, jenis, kelebihan dan kekurangan dari berbagai topologi jaringan seperti star, bus, ring, tree, linier, mesh, hybrid, broadcast, hierarki dan peer to peer. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan fungsi dan kegunaan POE dalam jaringan serta cara membuat kabel UTP
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Tiga kalimat ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
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Pseudocode digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan algoritma secara informal dengan mengikuti struktur bahasa pemrograman. Tujuannya adalah agar lebih mudah dibaca dan dipahami manusia serta memudahkan penulisan algoritma kompleks. Pseudocode terdiri atas judul, deklarasi data, dan badan program.
1. Bahasa Pascal dirancang oleh Profesor Niklaus Wirth sebagai bahasa pemrograman berorientasi tujuan umum. 2. Turbo Pascal memperkenalkan IDE yang memadukan penyuntingan, pengujian, dan penyempurnaan program dalam satu lingkungan. 3. Free Pascal adalah compiler Pascal terbuka sumber yang mendukung berbagai sistem operasi.
Dokumen ini berisi tentang database perpustakaan yang terdiri dari 3 tabel, yaitu tabel anggota yang berisi data identitas anggota perpustakaan, tabel buku yang mencakup informasi judul, pengarang, dan jenis buku, serta tabel transaksi pinjaman buku yang menampilkan detail transaksi pinjam buku oleh anggota perpustakaan.
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Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
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🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
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The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
1. GRAMMAR / STRUCTURE
A. TENSES
1. Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan telah terjadi atau akan telah dilakukan di waktu
tertentu di masa lampau.
CATATAN: Pada Past Future Perfect Tense semua subject menggunakan kata “Have”
sebagai Auxiliary Verb.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Past Future Perfect Tense
Mengekspresikan kalimat Past Future Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja
(VERB)
+
Subject + Would / Should + Have + Verb 3 + Object
Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + Verb 3 + Object
?
Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?
?
Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?
Contoh :
+
Anna would have finished her college by the time. I finished my college in
the university two years ago.
?
?
I would not have sent her a letter yesterday.
Should my father have worn jeans to the party yesterday night?
How long would you have waited her in in the park? The weather was
very cool last night.
Mengekspresikan kalimat Past Future Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja
(NON VERB)
+
Subject + Would / Should + Have + been + Object
?
?
Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + been + Object
Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + Object?
Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + Object?
Contoh :
+
My brother looked for his stuff. He would have been here yesterday night
?
?
The flowers should not have been wilted last night.
Would this novel have been here?
How many hours should Mr. Jim have been at the office by the end of this
week?
2. Keterangan waktu untuk Past Future Perfect Tense yang digunakan adalah:
By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of this day, by the
end of this year, etc.
2. Past future perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk
membicarakan aksi yang akan telah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu
tertentu di masa lampau. Aksi pada past future perfect continuous tense biasanya
berdurasi waktu tertentu. Tense ini mirip dengan future perfect continuous tense, namun
realisasi dari aksi pada past future continuous tense sudah dapat diketahui sekarang.
Rumus Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb would, have, been
dan present participle (v1-ing).
Secara umum past future perfect continuous tense hanya terjadi pada aksi
berupa dynamic verb, tidak stative verb karena umumnya hanya dynamic verb yang
memiliki bentuk continuous. [Baca: Stative Verb dengan Bentuk Progressive]
Dengan demikian rumus past future perfect continuous tense untuk kalimat positif,
negatif, dan interogatif adalah sebagai berikut.
Jenis
Kalimat
Rumus
Contoh Past Future Perfect Continuous
Tense
positif
(+)
S + would + have + been + V1ing/present participle
I/you/she/he/it would have been driving
negatif
(-)
S + would + not + have + been +
V1-ing/present participle
I/you/she/he/it would not have been driving
interogatif Would + S + have + been + V1ing/present participle
(?)
They/we would have been working
They/we would not have been working
Would I/you/she/he/it have been driving
Would they/we have been working
3. Contoh Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Beberapa contoh kalimat past future perfect continuous tense dengan fungsi-fungsinya
adalah sebagai berikut.
Fungsi
Contoh Kalimat Past Future Perfect Continuous
Tense
They would have been learning English grammar for
two years by the end of last month.
(Mereka akan telah belajar gramatika bahasa Inggris
selama dua tahun pada akhir bulan lalu.)
Past future perfect continuous
tense untuk memberitahukan berapa
lama suatu aksi akan sudah terjadi
(period of time) atau sampai waktu
tertentu di masa lampau.
Nisa and her family would have been living at their new
house by the end of this week last month.
(Nisa dan keluargaya akan telah menempati rumah baru
mereka akhir bulan ini pada tahun lalu.)
By the time the supervisor arrived, the water would have
been flowing out of tank X into tank Y at a constant rate.
(Pada saat pengawas tiba, air akan telah mengalirdari
tangki X ke dalam tangki Y dengan laju konstan.
Past future perfect tense digunakan
pada continuous unreal conditional
sentence. Mirip dengan conditional
sentence type 3 „biasa‟, namun
berbeda di bagian „result‟ — tidak
menggunakan past future perfect
melainkan past future perfect
continuous tense.
Rumus:
if + past perfect, past future perfect
continuous tense
If his visa had been approved, He would have been
working abroad for a week.
(Jika visa dia telah disetujui, dia akan telah bekerja
selama seminggu.)
4. B. THE DEGREE OF COMPARISONS
The Degrees of Comparison (tingkat perbandingan) adalah istilah dalam bahasa
inggris yang merupakan tingkat-tingkat perbandingan pada kata sifat (Adjectives).
Adapun berdasarkan tingkatannya, The Degrees of Comparison dibagi menjadi 3
golongan :
1. Positive degree. (Tingkat positif / biasa)
2. Comparative degree. (Tingkat perbandingan / lebih) , Bentuk Comparative dibuat dari
bentuk positif yang ditambah dengan akhiran –er atau –r dan awalan more.
3. Superlative degree. (Tingkat terbaik/ paling), Bentuk Superlative dibentuk dari bentuk
positif yang ditambah dengan akhiran –est atau –st dan awalan most.
POSITIF DEGREE
Positif degree digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu seperti apa adanya.kalimat yang dibuat adalah
bentuk kalimat positif. contoh:
a. He is fat
b. That book is thick
c .You are clever
COMPARATIVE DEGREE
Comparative degree digunakan untuk menyatakan tingkatan lebih yaitu memperbandingkan hal satu
dengan yang lainya.
cara membuat kalimanya menggunakan rumus:
a. Untuk adjectives atau adverbs yang mempunyai satu atau dua suku kata
..... Adjectives/adverbs+ER+Than.....
Contoh:
My pen is cheaper than your pen
ou are smarter than me
Dwi erm Study harder than jhon
b. Untuk Adjectives/adverbs yang mempunyai 3 suku kata atau lebi
...... More+Adjectives/Adverbs+Than.....
Contoh:
Dina is more beautiful than Dwi
Study English is more expensive than in the cottage
c.
Adverbs yang berakhiran ly walaupun tidak mempunyai 3 suku kata atau lebih,boleh juga
menggunakan rumus:
..... More+Adverbs+Than.....
5. Contoh:
He study more seriously than her
could you speak more slowly?
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
digunakan untuk sesuatu menjadi yang ter atau paling diantara yang lainya.
cara pembentukannya adalah:
..... The+Adjectives/adverbs+EST
a.
Untuk adjectives/adverb yang mempunyai 1 atau 2 suku kata saja
contoh:
I am the youngest in my family
Dwi is the cleverest in class
Bandung is the coldest city in Indonesia
..... The Most+Adjectiv/adverb.....
b.
Untuk adjectives/adverbs yang mempunyai 3 suku kata atau lebih
contoh:
The most original picture of mona lisa was lost last night
This sunday is the most enjoyable day in this year.
PENGECUALIAN
1.
Adjectives/adverbs yang mempunyai 1 atau 2 suku kata comparativenya menggunakan rumus:
..... More............. Than ..........
Untuk Superlativenya menggunakan rumus
............. The Most ..................
berikut ini daftar kekecualian adjective/adverbs :
Afraid(Takut)
Careful(Hati-hati)
Certain(pasti)
Famous(Terkenal)
Honest(Jujur)
6. Useful(berguna)
Often(Sering)
Beberapa jenis adjectives dan adverb yang sama sekali tidak menggunakan aturan baku seperti yang
telah disebutkan sebelumnya hal ini sering disebut dengan irregular comparison(Tingkat perbandingan
yang tidak beraturan) contoh:
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
arti
Bad/Badly ... Worse than...
The worst
jelek
Far
... Farther than..
The farthest
jauh
Good/well
...Better than....
The best
baik
Little
...Less than ...
The least
sedikit
Late
... Late than ....
The latest
lambat
Much/many ... More than...
The most
banyak
Old
The eldest
tua
...Elder than...
C. THE EXPRESSION TO MAKE REQUEST/ INVITATION AND PREFERENCES
3. Request/ Ivitation adalah kalimat yang meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu.
Request :
Menggunakan tanda titik (.) atau tanda tanya (?) untuk mengakhiri kalimat
Digunakan untuk bertanya atau meminta seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu
Sering menggunakan kata-kata seperti could, would, dll
Contoh :
a. Could you help me please ?
b. Would you answer the phone ?
c. Would you come to my party ?
d. Could you turn on the light ?
4. Preference
Preferences (pilihan/ preferensi) dapat digunakan ketika seseorang akan memberikan
suatu saran, menawarkan sesuatu atau meminta pendapat orang lain tentang apa yang
harus (lebih baik) dilakukan. Terkadang orang meminta pendapat kepada anda dan
anda dapat memberikan atau mengutarakan pilihan anda. Sementara disisi lain
terkadang menawarkan sesuatu kepada anda dan anda harus mengutarakan pilihan
7. anda dengan sopan jika anda tidak ingin melakukan sesuatu yang sudah ditawarkan,
atau mungkin lebih memilih untuk melakukan sesuatu lainnya.
Contoh Kalimat Preferences
A: Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
B: I would rather go shopping.
A: Maukah kamu pergi ke bioskop malam ini?
B: Saya lebih suka pergi belanja.
A: Would you like to have some Japanese food?
B: I would prefer eating Chinese. What do you think?
A: Maukah kamu makan makanan Jepang?
B: Saya lebih suka makan makanan Cina. Bagaimana menurut kamu?
A: What are we going to do today? The weather is good.
B: I think we should go to the beach.
Why don’t we go to the beach?
Let’s go to the beach.
How about going to the beach?
A: Apa yang akan kita lakukan hari ini? Cuacanya bagus.
B: Saya rasa kita seharusnya pergi ke pantai.
Kenapa kita tidak pergi ke pantai saja.
Mari kita pergi ke pantai.
Bagaimana jika pergi ke pantai.
Rumus, Macam-macam dan Contoh Preferences
Preferences
Prefer
Rumus
Prefer + to infinitive
Prefer + nouns + to + nouns
Contoh Kalimat
They prefer to stay at
home.
(Dia lebih suka tinggal
di rumah)
My mother prefers apple
to lemon juice.
(Ibu saya lebih suka jus
apel daripada jus lemon)
Prefer + Verb -ing + to + Verb -ing She prefers swimming
to dancing.
Would rather
Would rather + bare infinitives
(Dia lebih suka berenang
daripada berdansa)
I would rather study
8. (kata kerja tanpa “to”)
now.
(Saya lebih baik belajar
sekarang)
Would rather + bare infinitives She would rather stay
+ than + bare infinitives
home than go shopping.
(Dia lebih baik tinggal
di rumah saja daripada
berbelanja)
Would rather + bare infinitives + She would rather speak
nouns + than + bare infinitives + Japan
than
speak
nouns
English.
Would prefer
to
(Dia
lebih
suka
berbicara bahasa Jepang
daripada
bahasa
Inggris.)
Would prefer + to infinitives They would prefer to
+ rather than + bare infinitives
sing rather than dance.
(Mereka lebih baik
bernyanyi saja daripada
menari)
Would prefer + to infinitives + You would prefer to
nouns + rather than + bare play ball rather than
infinitives + nouns
take a sleep.
Like
(Kamu
lebih
baik
bermain bola daripada
tidur)
Like + nouns / (Verb + ing) I like singing a song
+ better than + nouns / (Verb + better than playing a
ing)
guitar.
(Saya
lebih
suka
bernyanyi
daripada
bermain gitar)
I like coffee better than
milk.
Had better
Had better + bare infinitives
(Saya lebih suka kopi
daripada teh)
You had better study
hard.
9. (Kamu
lebih
baik
belajar yang giat)
Had better + not + bare infinitives I had better not tell her
(bentuk negative)
the truth.
It’s time
Instead of
(Saya lebih baik tidak
mengatakan
yang
sebenarnya kepada dia)
It‟s time + to infinitives
It’s time to get up.
It‟s time + Subject + (Bentuk Past/ It’s time you went away.
lampau)
Instead of + Gerund/ Nouns
I prefer staying home
instead of going out.
Instead of kita
gunakan
sebagai
pengganti
dari: to, than,
better than,
rather than
They would rather eat
their dinner instead of
work.
I would prefer to invite
her instead of him.
She likes me instead of
him.
Penggunaan Preferences
Kita sering menggunakan kata seperti: “prefer, would prefer, would rather” untuk menanyakan
tentang pilihan (preferences). Contohnya:
“I prefer living with my uncle”.
“Would you prefer to watch a movie or go to a church”?
“Would you rather go fishing with me”?
Contoh kalimat di atas memiliki arti yang sedikit berbeda, ini merupakan alasan mengapa pelajar
bahasa inggris sering mengalami kesusahan. Silahkan perhatikan perbedaan penggunaan
preferences di bawah ini:
1. Perbedaan Pada Arti:
Kita cenderung menggunakan kata “prefer” untuk membicarakan tentang kesukaan, tidak suka,
dan apa yang kita inginkan, contohnya:
“He prefers reading a magazine”.
(Dia lebih suka membaca majalah)
“I prefer going to the beach than going to a swimming pool”.
10. (Saya lebih suka pergi ke pantai daripada pergi ke kolam renang)
Sedangkan untuk penggunaan kata “would prefer” dan “would rather”, digunakan lebih
spesifik, contohnya:
“I would prefer to see him personally.” (Saya lebih baik menemui dia secara pribadi)
“I would rather go home now.” (Saya lebih baik pulang sekarang)
2. Perbedaan Pada Bentuk Kata Kerjanya:
“I prefer living in a town”.
(Diikuti gerund, menggunakan akhiran “-ing”)
“I would prefer to be told the truth”.
(Diikuti oleh infinitive, menggunakan “to + Verb 1”)
“Would you rather stay at an apartment”?
(Diikuti oleh bentuk dasar dari verb (kata kerja)/ Verb 1 tanpa “to”)
3. Perbedaan penggunaan Preposition (Prepoisi) untuk menentukan pilihan:
“Prefer” dan “would prefer” diikuti oleh preposisi “to”, contohnya:
“I prefer living in a town to living in the village”.
“I would rather being alone to being with the wrong person”.
“Would rather” diikuti oleh preposisi “than”, contohnya:
“I would rather talk to him in person than call him on the phone”.
11. D. ACTIVE AND PASIVE VOICE
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada
sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau
ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun
tidak.
Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung
dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi
pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan
demikian.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
Catatan:
Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be,
been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being,
has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will
have been).
Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih
lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct
object).
Contoh: She can‟t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on
time. (active voice, intransitive)
Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular
maupun irregular.
Contoh: Play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —>
sung (past participle)
12. Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
Komponen
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject
be
PP
I
am
paid
I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe
is
used
The red velvet recipe is used by many people.
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes
are washed
large amounts of meat
and milk
Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many
people in the countries.
are consumed
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak
orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book
was edited
The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books
were edited
The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
All of my shoes are washed every month.
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa
kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak
wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah
sebagai berikut.
E. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh
si pembicara.
Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk
melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
13. Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Command (perintah)
III. Question (pertanyaan)
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct
Indirect
Am/is/are
-
was/were
Shall/will
-
should/would
Can
-
could
May
-
might
-
had to
Must
Have/has to
Ought to
2.
Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct
Indirect
now
-
then
tomorrow
-
the following day
next week
-
the following week
tonight
-
that night
today
-
that day
yesterday
-
the day before
last night
-
the night before
last week
-
the week before,
the precious week
here
-
there
this
-
that
14. these
3.
-
those
Tenses
Direct
Indirect
Simple present
-
simple past
-
past perfect
-
past continous
Simple past
Present perfect
Present continous
Present perfect continous -
past perfect continous
Simple future
past future
I.
-
STATEMENT
Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung
antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported
words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :
He said
He said to me
He told me
that + reported words
e.g - Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
- Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
- Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
- Mary told John “my father warned me last night”
- Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before.
15. - My sister said to me “I don‟t like tennis”
- My sister said to me that she didn‟t like tennis.
- Tom said “I didn‟t go to school this morning”
- Tom said that he hadn‟t gone to school that morning.
Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang
dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.
e.g - John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
- Mary says “I have seen that film”
- Mary says that she has seen that film.
- My brother says “I met Tom at the party last night”
- My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night.
- Tom says “I don‟t like English”
- Tom says that he don‟t like English.
II. COMMAND
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
1. Positive Command
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat
pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :
to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
e.g - He asked me “Open your book”
- He asked me to open my book.
16. - Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”
- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
- Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say”
- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.
- John told Mary “Wait until I come”
- John told Mary to wait until he comes.
- The teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking”
- The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking.
2. Negative Command
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
e.g - Mary told John “Don‟t wait for me”
- Mary told John not to wait for her.
- I told him “Don‟t mention it to anyone”
- I told him not to mention it to anyone.
- Father asked her “Don‟t go there alone”
- Father asked her not to go there alone.
- Ira asked Tom “Don‟t come to my house again”
- Ira asked tom not to come to her house again.
17. - Mothers asked John “Don‟t smoke too much”
- Mother asked John not to smoke too much.
II.
QUESTION
Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ;
Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan
sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha
menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
Positive Form
He asked me
where
When etc.
e.g - The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man asked me where I lived.
- John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”
- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
- I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
- I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
- He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
- He asked me how I would go there.
- John asked the girl : “What is your name ?”
- John asked the girl what her name was.
Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan
pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if,
whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan
yang dilaporkan.
18. e.g - The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
- The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
- Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.
- We asked them : “Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?”
- We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night.
- Mother asked John : “Are you going to marry her ?”
- Mother asked John if he was going to marry her.
Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian
III.
REPORTED SPEECH / MIXED TYPE (Jenis Gabungan)
Bila pertanyaan dan pernyataan digabung dalam Reported Speech maka kita
menggunakan kata as (karena) sebagai penghubung pada bagian kalimat pernyataan
yang dilaporkan. Dalam hal ini kalimat pernyataan tersebut dilaporkan kemudian.
Perhatikanlah contoh-contoh berikut ini :
e.g - She asked me :”What is the time ?”, my watch has stopped.
- She asked me what the time was as her watch had stopped.
- Ira asked John :”what is the matter with you ?”, You don‟t look well.
- Mary asked John what the matter was with him as he didn‟t look well.
19. - I asked her :”How long have you been studying English ?”, Your accent is very
good.
- I asked her how long she had been studying English as he her accent was very good.
- He told me :”I am off to the movie,” Where are you going ?”
- He told me that he was off to the movie and asked me where I was going.
- She said :”It is cold inside,” Is the window open ?
- She said that it was cold inside and asked if the window was open.
Bila dalam pertanyaan langsung disertai dengan jawaban Yes dan No, maka kita
menggunakan kata but sebagai penghubung untuk jawaban No dan kata and sebagai
penghubung untuk jawaban Yes.
e.g - He asked me :”Will you go out wiith me ?” No, I won‟t.
- He asked me if I would go out with him but I said I wouldn‟t.
- Mother asked John :”Have you had lunch ?” No, I haven‟t.
- Mother asked John if he had had lunch but he said he hadn‟t.
- She asked me :”Can you meet me tomorrow ?” No.
- She asked me if I could meet her the following day but I said I couldn‟t.
- I asked her :”Do you like vegetables ?” Yes, I do.
- Is asked her if she liked veggetables and she said she did.
- Mary asked John :”Did you phone me last night ?” Yes, I did.
- Mary asked John if he had phoned her the night before and he said he had.
- Father asked me :”Are you going to the movie tonight ?” Yes.
20. - Father asked me if I was going to the movie that night and I said I was.
Direct & Indirect with Auxiliaries
Perhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Auxiliaries
Direct
Indirect
Was/were
-
had been
can
-
could
may
-
might
must & have to
-
had to
must not
-
wasn‟t to/musn‟t
needn‟t
-
didn‟t have to
e.g - Mary said :” I was sick yesterday.”
- Mary said that she had been sick the day before.
- The man asked me :” Can you speak English ?”
- The man asked me if I could speak English.
- Mary said to John :”You may come to my house tomorrow.”
- Mary said to John that she might come to his house the following day.
- Mother told John :”You must study harder if you want to pass the exam.”
- Mother told John that he had to study harder if he wanted to pass the exam.
- The police told me :” You must not drive without license.”
- The police told me that I wasn‟t to drive without license.”
- The teacher told them :”You needn‟t hurry.”
21. - The teacher told them that they didn‟t have to hurry.
WRITING AND READING
A. Procedure Text
Procedure text adalah (1) Teks yang menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja atau
teks yang menjelaskan cara menggunakan pedoman instruksi / penggunaan. contoh : cara
menggunakan video, komputer, mesin fotokopi, fax dll. (2) Teks yang menunjukan cara
melakukan aktifitas tertentu. contoh : resep, aturan bermain game, eksperimen ilmiah,
aturan keamanan berkendara. (3) Teks yang berhubungan dengan tingkah laku manusia.
contoh : cara hidup bahagian, cara sukses. dll.
CONTOH PROCEDURE TEXT - HOW TO RIDE A BICYCLE
Sitting on the bike, make sure you know where the brakes are and how to operate them.
You have to learn to balance the bike. Find a person who can hold your bike behind you
and try to steady it as you pedal. Also find a place to ride that is grassy or such.
After practicing for a couple minutes, the person can release his or her hands while you
try to keep your balance.
When you are ready, ride alone. But first lower the seat until you can sit on it and put
both feet flat on the ground.
When you are confident you can put your feet on the pedals and coast for a few feet, try
not putting your feet down to train your sense of balance. Do this for 30-45 minutes or so,
until you have a good feel and some confidence about steering the bike.
As you gain experience, raise the seat up so that only your toes can touch the ground
while you are seated. This is the more appropriate height for your seat.
Finally, you have to practice.
Once you can balance, pedal, start, and stop, you're a bicycle rider. Congratulations!
B. Report Text
22. Report Text adalah teks yang berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi tentang
suatu peristiwa atau situasi, setelah diadakannya investigasi dan melalui berbagai
pertimbangan.
CONTOH REPORT TEXT : THANKSGIVING DAY
Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for
peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. It is usually celebrated in late autumn.
In the past, Thanksgiving was celebrated for their rich harvest in New England. In
North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for their survival in the new
land which was not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been celebrated as in New
England. Thanksgiving now is celebrated in United States of America and in Canada.
Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S and on the
second Monday of October in Canada. It is usually celebrated in four to five days in the
North America and for three days in Canada.
It is celebrated through families and friends gathering to eat and give good luck. Turkey
is the main dish in the thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving parades are also usually held.
In Thanksgiving homes are decorated with wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. Lamps are
lighted to brighten the environment. Tables are decorated with best china and antique
silver dishes to mark the occasion.