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Basic Forms of Tenses 
& 
Their Uses
Contents 
Present Tense 
Ø Simple Present Tense 
Ø Present Continuous Tense 
Ø Present Perfect Tense 
Ø Present Perfect Continuous Tense 
Past Tense 
Ø Simple Past Tense 
Ø Past Perfect Tense 
Ø Past Continuous Tense 
Ø Past Perfect Continuous Tense 
Future Tense
Present Tense
Simple Present Tense 
When something happens regularly 
or is a permanent situation we 
usually use the simple present 
tense. 
When using the simple present the verb 
(with the exception of the auxiliary verbs 
) remains in the dictionary form
Simple Present Tense 
Examples: 
The train to Berlin leaves every hour. 
They travel to their country house every weekend. 
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
Present Continuous Tense 
Continuous tenses are also 
called progressive tenses. So the 
present progressive tense is the same as 
the present continuous tense. 
subject+ auxiliary verb+ main 
verb be base + ing 
[am/is/are + present participle]
Present Continuous Tense 
Examples: 
Are you still watching TV? 
I am studying to become a engineer. 
She is loving this chocolate ice cream. 
She loves this chocolate ice cream. 
Incorrect 
Correct
Present Perfect Tense 
The English Present Perfect tense is used 
to express actions which have already 
been completed, or perfected, at the time 
of speaking or writing. 
Form: 
[ has/have + past participle ]
Present Perfect Tense 
Examples: 
I have done the work. 
She has answered half the questions. 
In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect tense 
emphasizes the fact that, at the time of speaking or writing, 
the work has already been completed. 
In the second example, the use of the 
Present Perfect indicates that, at the time of speaking or 
writing, half the questions have been 
answered.
Present Perfect Continuous 
Tense 
Present perfect continuous tense is used 
for an action which began at some time 
in past and is still continuing. 
Syntax: 
Has/have + been + Present participle
Present Perfect Continuous 
Tense 
Examples: 
He has been sleeping for 5 hrs. 
James have been teaching at university since last year. 
Sam has been having his car for 2 years. 
Sam has had his car for 2 years. 
Incorrect 
correct
Past Tense
Simple Past Tense 
This tense is usually used for those 
actions which are already over. 
It's syntax is given as: 
(subject + V2 + object) 
where V2 - second form of the verb
Simple Past Tense 
Examples: 
She lived in Tokyo for seven years. 
They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last 
week. 
I went to all the art exhibitions I could.
Past Perfect Tense 
It is used to express an action which has 
occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) 
and action which has occurred in past 
before another action in past. 
Syntax: 
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb 
(past participle) + object
Past Perfect Tense 
Examples: 
 They had visited a doctor. 
I had not finished my work last year. 
It have not rained heavily last month. 
It had not rained heavily last month 
Incorrect 
correct
Past Perfect Continuous Tense 
It is used to express a continued or 
ongoing action in past, an ongoing action 
which occurred in past and completed at 
some point in past. 
Syntax: 
Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb 
(present participle) + object
Past Perfect Continuous Tense 
For negative sentences in the past perfect 
continuous tense, we insert not after the first 
auxiliary verb. For question sentences, we 
exchange the subject and first auxiliary 
verb: 
subject auxiliary 
verb 
auxiliary 
verb 
main verb 
+ I had been working. 
+ You had been playing tennis. 
- It had not been working well. 
- We had not been expecting her. 
? Had you been drinking? 
? Had they been waiting long?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense 
Examples: 
 Yadnya had been waiting for two hours when his 
friend arrived. 
Students had been asking for an off lecture before sir 
scolded them. 
We had'nt exposed to programming before joining 
the IT Dept. 
Incorrect 
We had'nt been exposed to programming before 
joining the IT Dept. 
correct
Past Continuous Tense 
In the Past Continuous tense, the action 
was ongoing till a certain time in the 
past. This tense is used to talk about an 
action at a particular time in the past. 
Syntax: 
Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb 
(Present participle) + Object + Time reference
Past Continuous Tense 
For positive sentences: 
SUBJECT WAS / WERE VERB + ing REST OF THE 
SENTENCE 
I was sleeping at 11 p.m. last night. 
You were sleeping at 11 p.m. last night. 
He was sleeping at 11 p.m. last night.
Past Continuous Tense 
Examples: 
 I burned my finger while I was cooking breakfast. 
I was practicing the guitar when he came home.
Future Tense
Simple Future Tense 
It is used to express an action which has 
not occurred yet and will occur after 
saying or in future. 
Syntax: 
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb 
(present participle) + object
Simple Future Tense 
Examples: 
 He will start a business. 
I will not give you a pen tomorrow. 
When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for 
dinner. 
Incorrect 
When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. 
correct
Future Continuous Tense 
It is used to express a continued or an 
ongoing action in future. 
Syntax: 
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb 
(present participle) + object
Future Continuous Tense 
Examples: 
 While I am finishing my homework, she is going to 
make dinner. 
You are going to be waiting for her when her plane 
arrives tonight. 
Jane will be being at my house when you arrive 
Jane will be at my house when you arrive. 
Incorrect 
correct
Future Perfect Tense 
It is used to express an action which will 
occur in future and is thought to be 
completed in future. 
Syntax: 
Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb 
(past participle) + object
Future Continuous Tense 
Examples: 
 They will have completed the Presentation before 
the deadline. 
You are going to have perfected your English by the 
time you come back from the U.S.. 
I am going to see a movie when I will have 
finished my homework. 
Incorrect 
I am going to see a movie when I have finished my 
homework. 
correct
Future Perfect Continuous 
Tense 
It is used to express a continued or 
ongoing action that will start in future 
and is thought to be continued till 
sometime in future. 
Syntax: 
Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb 
(Present participle) + Object + Time 
reference
Future Perfect Continuous Tense 
Examples: 
The famous artist will have been painting the mural 
for over six months by the time it is finished. 
You will have been waiting for more than two hours 
when her plane finally arrives. 
Vidya will have been having his driver's license for 
over two years. 
Incorrect 
Vidya will have had his driver's license for over two 
years. 
correct
Thank You !...

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Examples of different tenses

  • 1. Basic Forms of Tenses & Their Uses
  • 2. Contents Present Tense Ø Simple Present Tense Ø Present Continuous Tense Ø Present Perfect Tense Ø Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Tense Ø Simple Past Tense Ø Past Perfect Tense Ø Past Continuous Tense Ø Past Perfect Continuous Tense Future Tense
  • 4. Simple Present Tense When something happens regularly or is a permanent situation we usually use the simple present tense. When using the simple present the verb (with the exception of the auxiliary verbs ) remains in the dictionary form
  • 5. Simple Present Tense Examples: The train to Berlin leaves every hour. They travel to their country house every weekend. The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
  • 6. Present Continuous Tense Continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the present progressive tense is the same as the present continuous tense. subject+ auxiliary verb+ main verb be base + ing [am/is/are + present participle]
  • 7. Present Continuous Tense Examples: Are you still watching TV? I am studying to become a engineer. She is loving this chocolate ice cream. She loves this chocolate ice cream. Incorrect Correct
  • 8. Present Perfect Tense The English Present Perfect tense is used to express actions which have already been completed, or perfected, at the time of speaking or writing. Form: [ has/have + past participle ]
  • 9. Present Perfect Tense Examples: I have done the work. She has answered half the questions. In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect tense emphasizes the fact that, at the time of speaking or writing, the work has already been completed. In the second example, the use of the Present Perfect indicates that, at the time of speaking or writing, half the questions have been answered.
  • 10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Present perfect continuous tense is used for an action which began at some time in past and is still continuing. Syntax: Has/have + been + Present participle
  • 11. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Examples: He has been sleeping for 5 hrs. James have been teaching at university since last year. Sam has been having his car for 2 years. Sam has had his car for 2 years. Incorrect correct
  • 13. Simple Past Tense This tense is usually used for those actions which are already over. It's syntax is given as: (subject + V2 + object) where V2 - second form of the verb
  • 14. Simple Past Tense Examples: She lived in Tokyo for seven years. They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last week. I went to all the art exhibitions I could.
  • 15. Past Perfect Tense It is used to express an action which has occurred in past (usually, a long time ago) and action which has occurred in past before another action in past. Syntax: Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
  • 16. Past Perfect Tense Examples:  They had visited a doctor. I had not finished my work last year. It have not rained heavily last month. It had not rained heavily last month Incorrect correct
  • 17. Past Perfect Continuous Tense It is used to express a continued or ongoing action in past, an ongoing action which occurred in past and completed at some point in past. Syntax: Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb (present participle) + object
  • 18. Past Perfect Continuous Tense For negative sentences in the past perfect continuous tense, we insert not after the first auxiliary verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and first auxiliary verb: subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb + I had been working. + You had been playing tennis. - It had not been working well. - We had not been expecting her. ? Had you been drinking? ? Had they been waiting long?
  • 19. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Examples:  Yadnya had been waiting for two hours when his friend arrived. Students had been asking for an off lecture before sir scolded them. We had'nt exposed to programming before joining the IT Dept. Incorrect We had'nt been exposed to programming before joining the IT Dept. correct
  • 20. Past Continuous Tense In the Past Continuous tense, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past. This tense is used to talk about an action at a particular time in the past. Syntax: Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb (Present participle) + Object + Time reference
  • 21. Past Continuous Tense For positive sentences: SUBJECT WAS / WERE VERB + ing REST OF THE SENTENCE I was sleeping at 11 p.m. last night. You were sleeping at 11 p.m. last night. He was sleeping at 11 p.m. last night.
  • 22. Past Continuous Tense Examples:  I burned my finger while I was cooking breakfast. I was practicing the guitar when he came home.
  • 24. Simple Future Tense It is used to express an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after saying or in future. Syntax: Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object
  • 25. Simple Future Tense Examples:  He will start a business. I will not give you a pen tomorrow. When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Incorrect When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. correct
  • 26. Future Continuous Tense It is used to express a continued or an ongoing action in future. Syntax: Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object
  • 27. Future Continuous Tense Examples:  While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Jane will be being at my house when you arrive Jane will be at my house when you arrive. Incorrect correct
  • 28. Future Perfect Tense It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be completed in future. Syntax: Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
  • 29. Future Continuous Tense Examples:  They will have completed the Presentation before the deadline. You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.. I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Incorrect I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. correct
  • 30. Future Perfect Continuous Tense It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that will start in future and is thought to be continued till sometime in future. Syntax: Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb (Present participle) + Object + Time reference
  • 31. Future Perfect Continuous Tense Examples: The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished. You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. Vidya will have been having his driver's license for over two years. Incorrect Vidya will have had his driver's license for over two years. correct

Editor's Notes

  1. Abhinav Bhutada